This volume focuses on the integration and globalization of Romania, a prominent emerging market in South-Eastern Europe and one of the major players in the securitization of the Black Sea and the Eastern European border, as both a part of NATO since 2004 and a fully integrated EU Member State since 2007. It will examine the challenges the country has faced in its progression from totalitarianism to democracy through several waves of reform intended to update and streamline its political and economic processes for success in the free-market capitalist arena. Having learned the hard way about some of the key aspects of public administration, Romania has learned a place for itself among the diverse global players of Europe and beyond. The first section reviews current perspectives on globalization and its impact in the late 20th century. It has “flattened” the Earth, generating better communication and exchanges than ever before, but also gathering a fair amount of criticisms from commentators seeing it as little else than neo-colonialism. Cooperative-administrative strategies are being suggested instead, in order for new public administration patterns to smoothly run in coordination with the globalized world. In the second section, the European Union is described as a complex multi-level socio-political entity, itself historically in turmoil over its own style of rule – e.g. hierarchy vs. coordination, integration vs. centralization, etc. – or even its own existence, as the European dream seemed to be losing steam with the general population of Europe several times in the previous century. Powers and responsibilities of the European institutions and agencies are also discussed. Thirdly, the recent history of Romania is approached from the Europeanization context, starting from its post-1989 days of confusion and of attempting to jumpstart democracy. Eventually, it has to undergo a series of reforms and internalize some principles fundamental to the EU in order for the much-awaited accession to occur and its multiple effects to start taking place. A country with a rich cultural heritage and straddling multiple socio-political axes, Romania has plenty more to offer in the new geostrategic, security and development contexts of the 21st-century Europe. As such, this volume provides inspiration for further research and practical application opportunities on topics of local, European and global significance.
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 2,0, Anglia Ruskin University (Ashcroft Business School), language: English, abstract: It is the aim of the present dissertation to identify and evaluate reasons, which led M&A fail in order to develop a strategy to design such processes more secure. The well-known liaison between BMW and Rover will be used as an example for failing M&A and will accompany this dissertation. After a brief introduction, containing definitions, a historical overview and motives and objectives of M&A this work provides an investigation of both Due Diligence and Post-Merger-Integration. Additionally, the author will clarify the way of data collection, the objectives and the design of his research in a Methodology chapter. Subsequent to the Methodology, a chapter discussing the author’s findings of the Due Diligence and the Post-Merger-Integration concerning BMW and Rover will follow. The last point of the present dissertation is a chapter containing Conclusions and Recommendations in which the author provides his point of view of the BMW and Rover case and his strategy with regard to M&A in general.
No medieval text was designed to be read hundreds of years later by an audience unfamiliar with its language, situation, and author. By ascribing to these texts intentional anonymity, we romanticise them and misjudge the social character of their authors. Instead, most medieval poems and manuscripts presuppose familiarity with their authorial or scribal maker. Last Words: The Public Self and the Social Author in Late Medieval England attempts to recover this familiarity and understand the literary motivation behind some of most important fifteenth-century texts and authors. Last Words captures the public selves of such social authors when they attempt to extract themselves from the context of a lived life. Driven by archival research and literary inquiry, this book reveals where John Gower kept the Trentham manuscript in his final years, how John Lydgate wished to be remembered, and why Thomas Hoccleve wrote his best-known work, the Series. It includes documentary breakthroughs and archival discoveries, and introduces a new life record for Hoccleve, identifies the author of a significant political poem, and reveals the handwriting of John Gower and George Ashby. Through its investments in archival study, book history, and literary criticism, Last Words charts the extent to which medieval English literature was shaped by the social selves of their authors.
Regional development strategies are becoming more similar all around Europe, even though regional differences are more pronounced than ever and many European regions have become more autonomous actors. This thesis of a peculiar standardized diversification of sub-national space in the modern European Union is the point of departure of this book. Based upon the analytical premises of Stanford School Sociological Institutionalism, Sebastian M. Büttner studies regional mobilization in contemporary Europe from a new and innovative perspective. He highlights the importance of scientific expertise and global scientific models in contemporary regional development practice, and exemplifies their significance with the example of region-building in Poland in the course of EU integration. This new wave of regional mobilization is not just conceived as an effect of local, national or European politics, but as an expression of a larger conceptual shift in governing society and space. This well researched and clearly argued book not only provides fresh insights into region-building and regionalization in contemporary European space, but also contributes to the new sociology of Europeanization. It will be an illuminating read for scholars and students in Sociology, European and EU studies, International Relations, Cultural Studies, Geography, Regional Science, Polish Studies and related subject areas.
Despite its everyday relevance, the reputation of punctuation is tarnished. Actually, modern English punctuation is often considered not more than a necessary evil. For many people, punctuation usage follows seemingly arbitrary and unmotivated rules. The present approach moves away from a static, rulebased description towards a more dynamic, contextbased interpretation of punctuation. Punctuation is a highly versatile medium-dependent means of presentational choice. To accept this view is to take a significant step towards closing the gap that still exists between punctuational theory and the actual usage of punctuation. Punctuation adopts a guiding role for the reader and the present study explores this guide potential, providing a thorough analysis of both the linguistic status and the communicative value of punctuation.
Offers a significant new reading of the late medieval poet Thomas Hoccleve, illustrating Hoccleve's role in recasting Chaucer as a figure of intellectual and moral authority, and situating Hoccleve - and the nascent English literary tradition - firmly in the context of heresy and religious reform.
Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: 1.1, Problem Statement: It is a widely spread fact that everybody wants to become old but the fewest want to be old. But it is also a fact that we cannot stop the age. It may exist ways and means to keep your mental and physical skills in a good shape but with every day we will become older one day anyway. The only alternative of getting older by the way doesn t seem to be much tempting why people accept the tide someday. What in this case only is concerning the single one also applies to whole societies. Tomorrow everybody will be older, the group of the over 50s is continuously increasing. So the aged will become more, but will they also become older mental or physically as a consequence? Nowadays, an increasingly number of seniors is more healthy and powerful than their parent generation. And they are highly attractive for companies but were disregarded for a long time when for example addressing advertisements. May it be because they are seen as less open for new products or due to the fact that they are supposed to show less involvement when confronted with advertisement. The reasons are multifarious. But the same as our society will continuously change the over 50s have also changed in their behavior. Companies haven t dealt with the over 50s as a target group for a long period of time. Older people are often associated with gridlocked habits and a certain rejection to new things like already mentioned. But is this true? Do they act or react different due to their age than their younger counterparts? Are the above mentioned prejudices in fact only the opinion of some companies? This questions need to be answered especially when regarding the society change creeping over us. 1.2, Terminologies: All relevant terms concerning the title of this thesis will be explained in the following chapters. For example, the meaning of innovation is explained in chapter 4 Innovativeness and the meaning of consumer good will be explained in chapter about 3 Consumer Behavior . The idea behind this is to guarantee that the words are understood when they are needed in a logical way. 1.3, Goals and Structure of the Thesis: This thesis aims to answer several questions. First, the reader should get a feeling for the socio-demographic change we are facing in Germany and the consequential change not only for our society but also for our economy. In the following, it should be understood the over 50s main characteristics, how they [...]
A media history of the material and infrastructural features of networking practices, a German classic translated for the first time into English. Nets hold, connect, and catch. They ensnare, bind, and entangle. Our social networks owe their name to a conceivably strange and ambivalent object. But how did the net get into the network? And how can it reasonably represent the connectedness of people, things, institutions, signs, infrastructures, and even nature? The Connectivity of Things by Sebastian Giessmann, the first media history that addresses the overwhelming diversity of networks, attempts to answer all these questions and more. Reconstructing the decisive moments in which networking turned into a veritable cultural technique, Giessmann takes readers below the street to the Parisian sewers and to the Suez Canal, into the telephone exchanges of Northeast America, and on to the London Underground. His brilliant history explains why social networks were discovered late, how the rapid rise of mathematical network theory was able to take place, how improbable the invention of the internet was, and even what diagrams and conspiracy theories have to do with it all. A primer on networking as a cultural technique, this translated German classic explains everything one ever could wish to know about networks.
Sebastian Frankenberger analyses how regulatory actors influence corporate strategies and structures and how corporations may proactively manage regulatory involvement. He presents a theoretical framework that integrates market and political strategies and shows how corporations may influence institutional processes that impact their scope of operations. He also suggests options how management can navigate their business within institutional boundaries and how market and political strategies may be coordinated.
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,6, University of Applied Sciences Essen, language: English, abstract: It is indisputable that brands influence operating results as well as the reputation of a firm. Some statements even consider a brand as one of the most valuable assets of a company. The relation between the brand and the consumer can be considered as a pact. The customer is loyal and trustful while the brand guarantees a consistent quality and pricing. What is questionable is whether a brand has the same effect on current and potential employees. Hence the question is: Does a brand also influence the employer attractiveness? Improving or even creating a brand's value requires a variety of both expensive and risky actions. This is one of the reasons many companies may under invest in that area. From the business point of view, the threat of spending money on measures which do not have a relevant effect on the business bears no relation to the few benefits to be expected. Thus, especially for SMEs, it is essential to know if investments to increase the brand value can be beneficial for a company's recruitment. Practice shows that the market activity of a company does influence the image also as an employer. Good examples are BMW and Porsche whose employer brand also benefits from the success of their businesses. The knowledge about a correlation between the brand value and the attractiveness as an employer can be of big advantage for companies that do not maintain a valuable brand. They would get a chance to change their mindset concerning the investments in creating brand value in order to attract high quality human capital and benefit from other advantages a known brand brings in.
This book presents a study of interpreter-mediated interaction in New York City small claims courts, drawing on audio-recorded arbitration hearings and ethnographic fieldwork. Focusing on the language use of speakers of Haitian Creole, Polish, Russian, or Spanish, the study explores how these litigants make use of their limited proficiency in English, in addition to communicating with the help of professional court interpreters. Drawing on research on courtroom interaction, legal interpreting, and conversational codeswitching, the study explores how the ability of immigrant litigants to participate in these hearings is impacted by institutional language practices and underlying language ideologies, as well as by the approaches of individual arbitrators and interpreters who vary in their willingness to accommodate to litigants and share the burden of communication with them. Litigants are shown to codeswitch between the languages in interactionally meaningful ways that facilitate communication, but such bilingual practices are found to be in conflict with court policies that habitually discourage the use of English and require litigants to act as monolinguals, using only one language throughout the entire proceedings. Moreover, the standard distribution of interpreting modes in the courtroom is shown to disadvantage litigants who rely on the interpreter, as consecutive interpreting causes their narrative testimony to be less coherent and more prone to interruptions, while simultaneous interpreting often leads to incomplete translation of legal arguments or of their opponent's testimony. Consequently, the study raises questions about the relationship between linguistic diversity and inequality, arguing that the legal system inherently privileges speakers of English.
Sebastian Hartmann aims at answering the question whether socioeconomic policies implemented by governments are generally rather similar or whether their content actually varies with the ideological background of governments. In addition, he wants to find out whether government characteristics such as coalition or minority situations impact the degree of partisan policy-making. The author employs a new dataset of social and economic policies collected for several Western European countries. By conducting a wide range of empirical analyses and by using an innovative approach for analysing the policy output, he shows that ideology indeed matters. However, the degree of its influence is contingent upon structural characteristics of governments.
Regular languages have a wide area of applications. This makes it an important task to convert between different forms of regular language representations, and to compress the size of such representations. This book studies modern aspects of compressions and conversions of regular language representations. The first main part presents methods for lossy compression of classical finite automata. Lossy compression allows to reduce the size of a language representation below the limits of classical compression methods, by the cost of introducing tolerable errors to the language. The complexity of many problems related to compression with respect to different error profiles is classified. The other main part is devoted to the study of biautomata, which were recently introduced as a new descriptional model for regular languages. Although biautomata are in many ways similar to finite automata, this book carves out some notable differences. While classical methods for finite automata can successfully be applied to biautomata, one observes a drastic increase of the computational complexity when considering lossy compression for biautomata.
Error-correcting codes have been incorporated in numerous working communication and memory systems. This book covers the mathematical aspects of the theory of block error-correcting codes together, in mutual reinforcement, with computational discussions, implementations and examples of all relevant concepts, functions and algorithms. This combined approach facilitates the reading and understanding of the subject. The digital companion of the book is a non-printable .pdf document with hyperlinks. The examples included in the book can be run with just a mouse click and modified and saved by users for their own purpose.
Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: 2,0, Anglia Ruskin University (Ashcroft Business School), course: B-2-B Marketing, language: English, abstract: It is the objective of the present assignment to identify, to analyse and to evaluate the major differences along the supply chain between business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) marketing. In particular, organisations which are involved in the manufacture and retailing of fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) should be examined
This book demonstrates how the Thalidomide catastrophe of the 1960s and the BSE crisis of the 1990s led to regulatory regimes for pharmaceuticals and foodstuffs in Europe. However, the developmental paths of these regimes differ – and so does the efficiency and legitimacy of regulatory policy-making.
“Exceptional . . . Deeply researched and elegantly written . . . As a description of the politics and pressures under which modern independent central banking has to operate, the book is incomparable.” —Financial Times The definitive biography of the most important economic statesman of our time, from the bestselling author of The Power Law and More Money Than God Sebastian Mallaby's magisterial biography of Alan Greenspan, the product of over five years of research based on untrammeled access to his subject and his closest professional and personal intimates, brings into vivid focus the mysterious point where the government and the economy meet. To understand Greenspan's story is to see the economic and political landscape of our time—and the presidency from Reagan to George W. Bush—in a whole new light. As the most influential economic statesman of his age, Greenspan spent a lifetime grappling with a momentous shift: the transformation of finance from the fixed and regulated system of the post-war era to the free-for-all of the past quarter century. The story of Greenspan is also the story of the making of modern finance, for good and for ill. Greenspan's life is a quintessential American success story: raised by a single mother in the Jewish émigré community of Washington Heights, he was a math prodigy who found a niche as a stats-crunching consultant. A master at explaining the economic weather to captains of industry, he translated that skill into advising Richard Nixon in his 1968 campaign. This led to a perch on the White House Council of Economic Advisers, and then to a dazzling array of business and government roles, from which the path to the Fed was relatively clear. A fire-breathing libertarian and disciple of Ayn Rand in his youth who once called the Fed's creation a historic mistake, Mallaby shows how Greenspan reinvented himself as a pragmatist once in power. In his analysis, and in his core mission of keeping inflation in check, he was a maestro indeed, and hailed as such. At his retirement in 2006, he was lauded as the age's necessary man, the veritable God in the machine, the global economy's avatar. His memoirs sold for record sums to publishers around the world. But then came 2008. Mallaby's story lands with both feet on the great crash which did so much to damage Alan Greenspan's reputation. Mallaby argues that the conventional wisdom is off base: Greenspan wasn't a naïve ideologue who believed greater regulation was unnecessary. He had pressed for greater regulation of some key areas of finance over the years, and had gotten nowhere. To argue that he didn't know the risks in irrational markets is to miss the point. He knew more than almost anyone; the question is why he didn't act, and whether anyone else could or would have. A close reading of Greenspan's life provides fascinating answers to these questions, answers whose lessons we would do well to heed. Because perhaps Mallaby's greatest lesson is that economic statesmanship, like political statesmanship, is the art of the possible. The Man Who Knew is a searching reckoning with what exactly comprised the art, and the possible, in the career of Alan Greenspan.
A primary source analysis of the migration of Jews from Argentina to Israel. Between Exile and Exodus: Argentinian Jewish Immigration to Israel, 1948–1967 examines the case of the 16,500 Argentine Jewish immigrants who arrived in Israel during the first two decades of its existence (1948–1967). Based on a thorough investigation of various archives in Argentina and Israel, author Sebastian Klor presents a sociohistoric analysis of that immigration with a comparative perspective. Although many studies have explored Jewish immigration to the State of Israel, few have dealt with the immigrants themselves. Between Exile and Exodusoffers fascinating insights into this migration, its social and economic profiles, and the motivation for the relocation of many of these people. It contributes to different areas of study— Argentina and its Jews, Jewish immigration to Israel, and immigration in general. This book's integration of a computerized database comprising the personal data of more than 10,000 Argentinian Jewish immigrants has allowed the author to uncover their stories in a direct, intimate manner. Because immigration is an individual experience, rather than a collective one, the author aims to address the individual's perspective in order to fully comprehend the process. In the area of Argentinian Jewry it brings a new approach to the study of Zionism and the relations of the community with Israel, pointing out the importance of family as a basis for mutual interactions. Klor's work clarifies the centrality of marginal groups in the case of Jewish immigration to Israel, and demystifies the idea that Aliya from Argentina was solely ideological. In the area of Israeli studies the book takes a critical view of the "catastrophic" concept as a cause for Jewish immigration to Israel, analyzing the gap between the decision-makers in Israel and in Argentina and the real circumstances of the individual immigrants. It also contributes to migration studies, showing how an atypical case, such as the Argentine Jewish immigrants to Israel, is shaped by similar patterns that characterize "classical" mass migrations, such as the impact of chain migrations and the immigration of marginal groups. This book's importance—its contribution to the historical investigation of the immigration phenomenon in general, and specifically immigration to the State of Israel—lies in uncovering and examining individual viewpoints alongside the official, bureaucratic immigration narrative.Scholars in various fields and disciplines, including history, Latin American studies, and migration studies, will find the methodology utilized in this monograph original and illuminating.
This work is about random measures stationary with respect to a possibly non-transitive group action. It contains chapters on Palm Theory, the Mass-Transport Principle and Ergodic Theory for such random measures. The thesis ends with discussions of several new models in Stochastic Geometry (Cox Delauney mosaics, isometry stationary random partitions on Riemannian manifolds). These make crucial use of the previously developed techniques and objects.
This book analyzes the role of institutions in conditioning entrepreneurship and innovation to achieve economic development. Set against the backdrop of populism, this book is based on the premise that formal and informal institutional factors and entrepreneurship are closely linked and that studying the economic development of both developed and emerging economies can help us disentangle the role of entrepreneurship and innovation in developing countries. Using institutional economics as a main theoretical framework and the sociotechnical subsystems as a complementary approach, the authors present a detailed literature review to demonstrate that it is possible to identify the true role of entrepreneurship and innovation in the economic development process. The book embraces complexity to better measure and comprehend economic development, bringing a more compelling perspective on the importance of entrepreneurship and innovation for different dimensions of development. A valuable resource for students, scholars, and policymakers, the authors offer clear recommendations for developing countries.
On the eve of the financial crisis, the USA was inhabited by almost 70 percent homeowning households, in comparison to about 45 percent in Germany. Homeownership, Renting and Society presents new evidence showing that this homeownership gap already existed between American and German cities around 1900. Existing explanations based on culture, government housing policy or typical socio-economic factors have difficulties in accounting for these long-term cross-country differences. Using historical case studies on Germany and the USA, the book identifies three institutional domains on the supply-side of the housing market – urban land, housing finance and construction – that set countries on different housing trajectories and subsequently established differences that were hard to reverse in later periods. Further chapters generalize the argument across other OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries and extend the explanation to cover historical differences in homeownership ideology and horizontal property institutions. This enlightening volume also puts forward path-dependence theories in housing studies, connects housing with vast urban-history and political-economy literature and offers comprehensive insights about the case of a tenant’s country which contradicts the tendency towards universal homeownership. Providing an all-new historic-institutionalist explanation of the German–American homeownership gap, this title will be of interest to postgraduate students and scholars interested in fields including: Housing Studies, Sociology, Urban History, Political Economy, Social Policy and Geography. It may also be of interest to those working in housing field organizations and ministries.
Never has the World Bank's relief work been more important than in the last nine years, when crises as huge as AIDS and the emergence of terrorist sanctuaries have threatened the prosperity of billions. This journalistic masterpiece by Washington Post columnist Sebastian Mallaby charts those controversial years at the Bank under the leadership of James Wolfensohn—the unstoppable power broker whose daring efforts to enlarge the planet's wealth in an age of globalization and terror were matched only by the force of his polarizing personality. Based on unprecedented access to its subject, this captivating tour through the messy reality of global development is that rare triumph—an emblematic story through which a gifted author has channeled the spirit of the age. This edition features a new afterword by the author that analyzes the appointment of Paul Wolfowitz as Wolfensohn's successor at the World bank
This book provides a comprehensive overview of stacking faults in crystal structures. Subjects covered include: notations used in representations of close-packed structures; types of faults; methods of detection and measurement such as X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and other techniques; theoretical models of non-random faulting during phase transitions; specific examples of - close packed structures including, zinc sulphide, silicon carbide and silver iodide.
Co-published with the Waterloo Centre for German Studies For centuries, large numbers of German-speaking people have emigrated from settlements in Europe to other countries and continents. In German Diasporic Experiences: Identity, Migration, and Loss, more than forty international contributors describe and discuss aspects of the history, language, and culture of these migrant groups, individuals, and their descendants. Part I focuses on identity, with essays exploring the connections among language, politics, and the construction of histories—national, familial, and personal—in German-speaking diasporic communities around the world. Part II deals with migration, examining such issues as German migrants in postwar Britain, German refugees and forced migration, and the immigrant as a fictional character, among others. Part III examines the idea of loss in diasporic experience with essays on nationalization, language change or loss, and the reshaping of cultural identity. Essays are revised versions of papers presented at an international conference held at the University of Waterloo in August 2006, organized by the Waterloo Centre for German Studies, and reflect the multidisciplinarity and the global perspective of this field of study.
Supply Chain Management (SCM) has become an important area of focus for any business that wishes to remain competitive. It is especially integral to managing successful Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). In recent years, there has been a growing interest in how SCM can be used to create value for SMEs. The development of SCM systems in SMEs has been a key factor in their success. SCM can provide SMEs with an understanding of their supply chain, enabling them to better manage their resources and ensure that their products and services meet customer demand. It also provides an opportunity to reduce costs and improve customer service. The book enables SMEs to better understand the complexities of the supply chain process and provides insights into the best practices for Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Customer Satisfaction and Service (CSSCM). There are the challenges of managing a supply chain in SMEs and suggestions on how to increase efficiency and reduce costs by including methods of inventory management, vendor selection and the use of technology. The book provides an invaluable resource for anyone involved in the supply chain practice and study, whether as a business owners, employees, researchers or students. It offers an in-depth exploration of the various facets of SCM and provides readers with valuable insights into the complexities of managing the supply chain in the SME sector.
Thirst and Sodium Appetite: Physiological Basis describes the phenomenon of thirst and the mechanisms that define the need for water. Thirst and appetite has generated much study and research about the physiological, endocrinological, and pharmacological mechanisms that influence water intake. However, in this book, other concerns have been emphasized, such as the significance of brain mechanisms in the subject matter. This book, consisting of 11 chapters, starts with a basic description of thirst then to an analysis of basic physiological mechanisms that determine water intake. Another topic also discussed in this book is various experimental paradigms that resulted to the dual-depletion theory of thirst. The neuroanatomical, neuroendocrinological, and neuropharmacological brain mechanisms are covered in three chapters of this book. These brain mechanisms respond to different peripheral signals that stimulate the thirst. The final chapters are dedicated to sodium appetite. Although it has lesser literature than thirst has, there have been significant developments in the understanding of the role of sodium appetite in extracellular thirst. The last chapter reviews the questions that has kept investigators at bay and recommends direction of where future research may go.
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