This research presents a wide spectrum of relevant information which is required for the market expansion of western based companies to China. China has developed from an ‘outsourced assembly line’ of foreign companies into an attractive sales market. The pure size of its population and the strong increase of its middle class offer good opportunities for western companies. The focus of this research is on the delegation of decision power from the head office towards the local subsidiary. This includes the aspects of the various market entry possibilities, leadership styles, organisational structures, cultural differences and the attractiveness of the employer. Additionally, also sensitive topics, such as corruption and intellectual property, are discussed. In sum, this research identifies the contemporary issues managers of European companies in China are facing, and discuss them in respect of the existing literature of management. As a result, this research has become a handbook for foreign managers in China.
Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: 2,3, University of applied sciences Frankfurt a. M., language: English, abstract: The changing environment, the massive increase in competition and performance pressures force banks to find new ways to differentiate from competitors. At the same time the utilization of smartphones and mobile internet increased in the last few years. Would a bank get a competitive advantage, if it would offer applications (apps) for its services and products? Since the launch of the iPhone in 2007 the mobile phone market has been undergoing a change and a new market segment of smartphones has been created. The market share of smartphones e.g. has increased up to 37.6% in Spain. The numbers of mobile internet users has been strongly rising at the same time. The growth rate reminds of the growth rates in the early days of the internet. Compared to the ‘for free’ culture in the internet, smartphone users are willing more likely to pay a fee for content or service. Smartphones not only provide traditional telecommunication services, but also short message services, browser and application based services and near-field communication. In order to survive in the competition, banks either have to focus on a strong differentiation or cost leadership. Established banks are unlikely to compete against low-cost banks, so they need to be clearly different from their competitors. They have to consider that their services are oriented on the customer needs. Therefore all banking services have to be aligned with the customer processes. A customer process is characterized as the entire end-to-end process a customer passes through to meet a desired need or to solve a problem until satisfaction is met. During each step of this process, the customer needs support from different suppliers to fulfil all needs of this process. A single process owner does not exist. Instead of this the customer has to get in touch with many different suppliers. Here the bank can act as service integrator to bundle the different interactions. The bank can demonstrate itself as primary contact to the customer via its multiple distribution channels. An app would act as primary communication channel as it becomes the constant companion of the client.
Master's Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1.3, University of applied sciences Frankfurt a. M., language: English, abstract: This thesis deals with the characteristics required of the leader of an international European company’s outpost in China. It provides a synthesis of current theories, builds context based on supporting literature, and is complemented by a survey of the different experiences of local managers to identify contemporary issues. In the past, companies expanded operations to China first and foremost to profit from the cost advantage that China offered. Meanwhile, increasing consumer purchasing power and a developing preference for brand name and luxury goods make the Chinese market a dynamic one that offers international companies substantial potential. This market sales potential has become the main driver. Different forms of market entry are available for specific company strategies. The most common are the representative office, a joint venture, and the wholly foreign owned entity. In spite of the positive developments in the Chinese market, numerous challenges await companies planning to establish a local business unit. The labour market exhibits weaknesses in the Chinese education system. Job applicants often lack creativity and general communication skills, as well as competent English skills. Although its importance is on a decline, the issue of intellectual property remains a concern whereas the problem of corruption persists. The standards and concepts used to recognize and label corruption are still deeply linked with the local cultures making their reconciliation a challenge that companies need to overcome. The human resource management strategy has to take cultural differences into consideration. There are two main point of focus. The first originates with Confucian values. Status, money and career perspective are aspirations that any attractive employment opportunity has to address. Western leaders also have to be aware that Chinese social hierarchy dictates that interaction between managers and subordinates can cross the traditional western line between private and professional matters. The second point of focus, the posting of expatriates including preparation, onsite support during the stay abroad as well as reintegration upon repatriation, is integral to the project. Careful and detailed planning and exe-cution are of utmost importance to ensure the successful completion of the Chinese office setup. [...]
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