The book sheds light on the perhaps most important legal conundrum in the context of sovereign debt restructuring: the holdout creditor problem. Absent an international bankruptcy regime for sovereigns, holdout creditors may delay or even thwart the efficient resolution of sovereign debt crises by leveraging contractual provisions and, in an increasing number of cases, by seeking to enforce a debt claim against the sovereign in courts or international tribunals. Following an introduction to sovereign debt and its restructuring, the book provides the first comprehensive analysis of the holdout creditor problem in the context of the two largest sovereign debt restructuring operations in history: the Argentine restructurings of 2005 and 2010 and the 2012 Greek private sector involvement. By reviewing numerous lawsuits and arbitral proceedings initiated against Argentina and Greece across a dozen different jurisdictions, it distils the organizing principles for ongoing and future cases of sovereign debt restructuring and litigation. It highlights the different approaches judges and arbitrators have adopted when dealing with holdout creditors, ranging from the denial of their contractual right to repayment on human rights grounds to leveraging the international financial infrastructure to coerce governments into meeting holdouts’ demands. To this end, it zooms in on the role the governing law plays in sovereign debt restructurings, revisits the contemporary view on sovereign immunity from suit and enforcement in the international debt context, and examines how creditor rights are balanced with the sovereign’s interest in achieving debt sustainability. Finally, it advances a new genealogy of holdouts, distinguishing between official and private sector holdouts and discussing how the proliferation of new types of uncooperative creditors may affect the sovereign debt architecture going forward. While the book is aimed at practitioners and scholars dealing with sovereign debt and its restructuring, it should also provide the general reader with the understanding of the key legal issues facing countries in debt distress. Moreover, by weaving economic, financial, and political considerations into its analysis of holdout creditor litigation and arbitration, the book also speaks to policymakers without a legal background engaged in the field of international finance and economics.
The German writer and art critic Carl Einstein (1885–1940) has long been acknowledged as an important figure in the history of modern art, and yet he is often sidelined as an enigma. In Form as Revolt Sebastian Zeidler recovers Einstein's multifaceted career, offering the first comprehensive intellectual biography of Einstein in English.Einstein first emerged as a writer of experimental prose through his involvement with the anarchist journal Die Aktion. After a few limited forays into art criticism, he burst onto the art scene in 1915 with his book Negro Sculpture, at once a formalist intervention into the contemporary theory and practice of European sculpture and a manifesto for the sophistication of African art. Einstein would go on to publish seminal texts on the cubist paintings of Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso. His contributions to the surrealist magazine Documents (which Einstein cofounded with Georges Bataille), including writings on Picasso and Paul Klee, remain unsurpassed in their depth and complexity.In a series of close visual analyses—illustrated with major works by Braque, Picasso, and Klee—Zeidler retrieves the theoretical resources that Einstein brought to bear on their art. Form as Revolt shows us that to rediscover Einstein's art criticism is to see the work of great modernist artists anew through the eyes of one of the most gifted left-wing formalists of the twentieth century.
Being and Meaning is a comparative study of the concepts of Being and Language in Bhartrhari and Martin Heidegger, emphasising the universality of their thinking. Language in Bhartrhari's vision is the medium of the self-expression for the Ultimate Reality (Sabdatattva). In Heidegger's thinking language is the Original Utterance (Sage) which Being speaks to man. Being expresses itself in language, and phenomena in the world occur simultaneously with the occurrence of language. Bhartrhari and Heidegger lead one to the belonging togetherness of Being and being beyond all conceptualizing, transcending the bounds of Orient and Occident.
This essay argues that we can only develop a proper grasp of Kant's practical philosophy if we appreciate the central role played in his thought by the notion of the interests of reason. While it is generally acknowledged that Kant does not regard reason as a purely instrumental faculty, but sees it as endowed with its own essential interests, this book is the first to explain how the notion of the interests of reason lies at the heart of his philosophical project - and how it allows us to make sense of some of the most puzzling aspects of his practical philosophy.
This volume contains parallel texts and translations of all Bach's church and secular cantatas that have come down to us complete. The volume also includes a short glossary of geographical and mythological names, a list of dedicatees of the secular cantatas, a list of the poets with their dates, and an introduction to the cantatas by Martin Neary, formerly organist of Winchester Cathedral and Westminster Abbey.
Moderne Arbeitsmärkte erfordern ein hohes Maß an Flexibilität von Arbeitskräften und insbesondere von Arbeitslosen. Dabei kommt der Bereitschaft zur regionalen Mobilität im Zuge der tiefgreifenden Hartz-Reformen des deutschen Arbeitsmarktes eine zentrale Rolle zu. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht diese Forschungsarbeit die Bedeutung überregionaler Mobilität im Stellensuchprozess von Arbeitslosen. Basierend auf innovativen experimentellen Forschungsdesigns, reichhaltigen administrativen und Befragungsdaten und unter Verwendung aktueller ökonometrischer Analysen leistet Sebastian Bähr einen wichtigen Beitrag zur aktuellen Debatte über die Wirkung von Flexibilisierung auf soziale Ungleichheit am Arbeitsmarkt.
In contrast to the vernacular literary traditions of France, Italy and England, comic tales in verse flourished in late medieval Germany, providing bawdy entertainment for larger audiences of public recitals as well as for smaller numbers of individual readers. In a sustained close analysis Sebastian Coxon explores both the narrative design and fundamental thematic preoccupations of these short texts. A distinctively performative tradition of pre-modern narrative literature emerges which invited its recipients to think, learn and above all to laugh in a number of different ways.
Jüdische Kulturgeschichte ist alles andere als ein festgelegtes Forschungsgebiet, sondern setzt sich aus vielen und immer neuen Fragestellungen zusammen: Da geht es um Philosophie, Religion, Geschichte, Literatur, Gesellschaft und Politik – und bei all dem um Würde und Ethik, um Zuschreibungen und Ausgrenzungen, um Machtstrukturen und um Verfolgung. Jüdische Geschichte, Lebensrealitäten und Identitätsbildungen spielen in der europäischen und globalen Geschichte eine wichtige Rolle. Mitunter fanden diese Themen in der Geisteswissenschaft nur wenig Beachtung, doch ist hier inzwischen einiges im Umbruch. Statt bekannten Wegen tun sich neue Horizonte auf! Durchblicke. Horizonte jüdischer Kulturgeschichte enthält die Beiträge des Symposiums zum zehnjährigen Bestehen des Zentrums für Jüdische Kulturgeschichte der Universität Salzburg. Diese setzen Akzente in etlichen Bereichen der Jüdischen Studien: in der kulturwissenschaftlichen Sicht auf Judentum, Christentum und Islam in der Spätantike, der jüdischen Geschichte und Literatur des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts, der Sprachlosigkeit und des künstlerischen und literarischen Zeugnisses angesichts des Holocaust und nicht zuletzt der jiddischen Literatur und Kultur.
A fresh view of the interplay of science and literature affecting Musil's great novel. As the utopian projection of a world in which the conditional mood is preferred to the indicative, Robert Musil's ambitious novel The Man Without Qualities is widely recognized as a great example of aesthetic modernism anda profound reflection on the "postmodern condition." Based on the new and more inclusive English translation by Sophie Wilkins and Burton Pike, this study provides the English-speaking reader with a well-researched commentary thatsituates Musil's novel in the cultural, literary, and scientific context of the early 20th century. Revealing the novel's many philosophical underpinnings, the study analyzes the intersection of theoretical reflection and aesthetic imagination essential to Musil's programmatic move beyond realism. Thomas Sebastian explores Musil's background in experimental psychology, which he studied under the pioneering psychologist Carl Stumpf, and how it and other strains of scientific thought, including that of Ernst Mach, on whose philosophical ideas Musil wrote his doctoral thesis, are reflected in his great novel. Thomas Sebastian is Associate Professor of German at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas.
This book explores ‘nothingness’, the negative way found in Buddhist and Christian traditions, with a focused and comparative approach. It examines the works of Nagarjuna (c. 150 CE), a Buddhist monk, philosopher and one of the greatest thinkers of classical India, and those of John of the Cross (1542-1591), a Carmelite monk, outstanding Spanish poet, and one of the greatest mystical theologians. The conception of nothingness in both the thinkers points to a paradox of linguistic transcendence and provides a novel insight into via negativa. This is the first full-length work comparing nothingness (emptiness) in Nagarjuna (Mahayana Buddhism) and John of the Cross (Christianity) in any language. It augments the comparative approach found in Buddhist-Christian comparative philosophy and theology. This book is of especial interest to academics of Buddhist and Christian studies searching for avenues for intellectual dialogue.
Awarded the Literature Prize of the VCI This comprehensive textbook describes the synthesis, characterization and technical and engineering applications of polymers. Polymers are unique molecules and have properties different from any other class of materials. We encounter them in everyday life, not only in the form of the well-known, large-volume plastics such as PE or PP or the many other special polymers, some of which are very specifically modified but also in nature as polymeric biomolecules, such as DNA. Our life, as we know it, would not only be completely different without macromolecules but it would also be biologically impossible. This textbook provides a broad knowledge of the basic concepts of macromolecular chemistry and the unique properties of this class of materials. Environmentally relevant topics, such as biopolymers and microplastic, which should not be missing in a contemporary textbook are also covered. Building on basic knowledge of organic chemistry and thermodynamics, the book presents an easy-to-understand yet in-depth picture of this very dynamic and increasingly important interdisciplinary science that involves elements of chemistry, physics, engineering, and the life sciences. Readers of this work can confirm their understanding of the text at the end of each chapter by working through a selection of exercises. In writing the book, great importance was attached to good readability despite the necessary depth of detail. It is a book that is just as suitable for students of chemistry and related courses as it is for the applied scientist in an industrial environment. The first edition of this work is so far the only textbook on polymer chemistry to be awarded the Literature Prize of the Fund of the German Chemical Industry Association in 2015.
Die Studie Johannes XXII., Avignon und Europa widmet sich mit einem innovativen Ansatz einem kontrovers diskutierten Pontifikat und ordnet hierbei anhand der in den päpstlichen Registerserien überlieferten kurialen Korrespondenz klassische Themen, wie die Auseinandersetzung zwischen Kaisertum und Papsttum, in einen europäischen Vergleichshorizont ein. Fallstudien, die von den Britischen Inseln bis zum Mittelmeer reichen, geben daneben den Mechanismen, Strukturen und Akteuren der päpstlichen Politik eine deutliche Kontur, wobei auch die grundsätzliche Rolle des Papsttums im spätmittelalterlichen Europa aus einem neuen Blickwinkel betrachtet wird. By implementing a European approach, the study offers a new view on the controversial pontificate of John XXII. Through examination of the correspondence preserved in the papal registers, classic topics like the dispute between papacy and empire can be interpreted within a broader context while case studies ranging from the British Isles to the Mediterranean reveal the mechanisms and actors of papal politics in late medieval Europe.
We live in a world of science. Yet this is impossible without a legally guaranteed freedom to practise it. Findings with regard to the elements of such freedom can be deduced from an analysis of international and domestic provisions and principles. There are a plethora of international institutions, legal rules and global norms for the purpose of the international governance of science. The institutions and rules are to be interpreted in light of this freedom to guarantee the continuous existence of the knowledge-based society by means of a global administrative law of science. These aspects were analysed in a research project funded by the German Research Foundation. The book’s purpose is to present the jurisprudential results. In addition, empirical results are collected in a freely available database. The study is composed of 5 parts: The Concept of Science/Global Administrative Law/Constitutional Basis: The Freedom of Science/Institutional Design/Governance Mechanisms.
This work presents a novel approach to modeling, analysis and diagnosis of coupled mechatronical systems with partially autonomous behavior and asynchronous state transitions. The systems under consideration are assumed to have the following properties: The internal interactions are immeasurable but reliable and the measurements relevant for diagnosis are given as a sequence of events. Asynchronous networks of input/output automata (I/O-automata) are developed to cope with partial coupling between components and to reduce the computational complexity of the diagnostic algorithms. I/O-automata are used to model those components. Their measurable inputs and outputs are modeled as control signals. Interconnection signals are used to model the internal dependencies among the components. They are linked via an interaction block to one another. The criterion known from synchronous networks of I/O-automata is extended to ensure the well-posedness of this modeling formalism. To check for partially autonomous behavior, two types of autonomy are introduced and discussed: Structural autonomy and state-dependent autonomy. To carry out the diagnosis, three different information structures are investigated: Centralized, decentralized and partially coordinated. The centralized approach yields the ideal diagnostic result, but reduction of the computational complexity by using online composition is rather small. Further reduction of the computational complexity is accomplished by decentralized diagnosis. It yields only in the case of state-dependent autonomy a complete and sound diagnostic result. In general, the lack of soundness arises. Both, obtaining an ideal diagnostic result and reducing the computational complexity, is obtained by the partially coordinated diagnostic algorithm.
This book delivers insights for immediate action on two levels: The management perspective addresses the economic feasibility, while the legal perspective provides municipal decision-makers with FAQ-type guidelines for the swift implementation and legal applicability of rural broadband rollout solutions.
Die Studie nährt sich der Refutatio omnium haeresium „Hippolyts von Rom“ von gänzlich neuer Perspektive an. Sie bietet eine detaillierte Analyse der Gattung der Schrift, die als Werbeschrift für das Christentum identifiziert wird. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt in der Herausarbeitung der Intention und Arbeitsmethode ihres Verfassers vor dem Hintergrund der Methode kaiserzeitlicher Autoren. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie der Verfasser seine Vorlagen kreativ für seine Bedürfnisse verändert und zusammenstellt. Durchgänge durch das Sondergut lassen es wahrscheinlich werden, dass dieses ein weitgehendes literarisches Produkt des Verfassers ist. Eine umfangreiche Untersuchung der sog. Peraten, die Strukturanalyse und gründliche inhaltliche Auseinandersetzung verbindet, schließt sich an. The study approaches the Refutatio omnium haeresium by "Hippolytus of Rome" from a completely new perspective. It offers a detailed analysis of the genre of the writing, which is identified as a protreptikos, a promotional writing for Christianity. One focus is the elaboration of the intention and working method of its author against the background of the method of authors of the imperial period. It is shown how the author creatively changes and compiles his original sources to suit his needs. Passages through the special material make it likely that it is largely a literary product of the author. This is followed by an extensive study of the so-called Peratics, which combines structural analysis and thorough examination of content.
Gavesanam deals with the Vedic discourse on many levels. It is mostly with the Rgvedic and the Yajurvedic texts, that is, with the hymns and the ritual texts, that it does so. The work shows a search for an insight into the highly cultivated poetic mind of the Rsis, which displays mystery and myth, knowledge and secrecy in their creations. The first two chapters illustrate with some clarity the method which is adopted in order to come to grips with a few of the symbolic and metaphorical, mythic and ritualistic texts and lays the foundation for the rest of the essay. The approach is interpretive and, therefore, necessarily speculative. In the main, the procedure is neither classificatory nor descriptive of the texts, since many scholars have done excellent work in this manner. The present exercise highlights the importance of the Vedic Ida, the Vedic World, the Vedic gods and goddesses like the Mitravaruna, Agni, Vak, Visnu, Sarasvat, Soma, and so on, from an interpretive point of view. A few figures make comprehension easier and more concrete. The work as a whole may be considered to be a long essay of progressive approximations, which means that the thoughts that are presented have to be corrected and complemented by further approximations in a truly academic and scientific spirit. Such an effort opens a new way for a better understanding and appreciation of the Vedic and the post-Vedic literature and culture.
Total 371, Nos. 1-198 in this volume. Volume 1 of Bach's historic settings of the chorales. C. P. E. Bach said of these chorales: "Those connoisseurs of the art of harmonizing and composing settings will likewise not withhold their praise when they observe with appropriate attentiveness the very unusual manner my father uses to set up harmony in these settings, the natural flow of the inner voices as well as the bass, factors which set these chorale settings apart from any others.
Lower Silesia was one of the regions Germany lost to Poland following the Second World War. During the space of a few years, the entire territory was transformed, reversing the tradition of centuries. The eviction and suffering of the indigenous Germans is contrasted with the similar hardships the Polish resettlers were forced to undergo. Striking is the similarity of manipulation of both Silesian groups by their political masters. That Lower Silesia was ceded at all reveals much about wartime and postwar Allied negotiations which culminated in the Cold War.
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