FINALIST FOR THE 2022 NATIONAL BOOK AWARD A new masterwork of satire, lore, and living memory from the leading voice of French-Rwandan literature “Mukasonga breathes upon a vanished world and brings it to life in all its sparkling multifariousness” --J.M. Coetzee In four beautifully woven parts, Mukasonga spins a marvelous recounting of the clash between ancient Rwandan beliefs and the missionaries determined to replace them with European Christianity. When a rogue priest is defrocked for fusing the gospels with the martyrdom of Kibogo, a fierce clash of cults ensues. Swirling with the heady smell of wet earth and flashes of acerbic humor, Mukasonga brings to life the vital mythologies that imbue the Rwandan spirit. In doing so, she gives us a tale of disarming simplicity and profound universal truth. Kibogo’s story is reserved for the evening’s end, when women sit around a fire drinking honeyed brew, when just a few are able to stave off sleep. With heads nodding, drifting into the mist of a dream, one faithful storyteller will weave the old legends of the hillside, stories which church missionaries have done everything in their power to expunge. To some, Kibogo’s tale is founding myth, celestial marvel, magic incantation, bottomless source of hope. To white priests spritzing holy water on shriveled, drought-ridden trees, it looms like red fog over the village: forbidden, satanic, a witchdoctor’s hoax. All debate the twisted roots of this story, but deep down, all secretly wonder – can Kibogo really summon the rain?
LONGLISTED FOR THE NATIONAL BOOK AWARD FOR TRANSLATED LITERATURE A moving, unforgettable tribute to a Tutsi woman who did everything to protect her children from the Rwandan genocide, by the daughter who refuses to let her family's story be forgotten. The story of the author's mother, a fierce, loving woman who for years protected her family from the violence encroaching upon them in pre-genocide Rwanda. Recording her memories of their life together in spare, wrenching prose, Mukasonga preserves her mother's voice in a haunting work of art.
Mukasonga unsparingly resurrects the horrors of the Rwandan geocide while lyrically recording the quieter moments of daily life with her family—a moving tribute to all those who are displaced, who suffer. Mukasonga’s extraordinary, lyrical, and heartbreaking book … is indispensable reading for anyone who cares about the endurance of the human spirit and who hopes for a better world. — Lynne Sharon Schwartz, Los Angeles Review of Books Scholastique Mukasonga’s Cockroaches is a compelling chronicle of the author’s childhood in the years leading up to the 1994 Rwandan genocide. In a spare and penetrating tone, Mukasonga brings to life the scenes of her family’s forced displacement from Rwanda to neighboring Burundi. With a view made lucid through time and pain, Mukasonga erodes the distance between her present and her past, resurrecting and paying homage to her family members who were massacred in the genocide, but also, in movingly simple language, the beauty present in quiet, daily moments with her loved ones. As lyrical as it is tragic, Cockroaches is Mukasonga’s tribute to her family’s suffering and to the lingering grip of the dead on the living.
Friendship, deceit, fear, and persecution at an elite boarding school for young women in Rwanda, fifteen years before the 1994 genocide of the Tutsi . . . “Mukasonga’s masterpiece” (Julian Lucas, NYRB) Scholastique Mukasonga drops us into an elite Catholic boarding school for young women perched on the edge of the Nile. Parents send their daughters to Our Lady of the Nile to be molded into respectable citizens and to escape the dangers of the outside world. Fifteen years prior to the 1994 Rwandan genocide, we watch as these girls try on their parents’ preconceptions and attitudes, transforming the lycée into a microcosm of the country’s mounting racial tensions and violence. In the midst of the interminable rainy season, everything unfolds behind the closed doors of the school: friendship, curiosity, fear, deceit, prejudice, and persecution. With masterful prose that is at once subtle and penetrating, Mukasonga captures a society hurtling towards horror.
A sharp and playful critique of colonialism from the leading voice of French-Rwandan literature, animated by memories, archival specters, and powerful women “In sentences of great beauty and restraint, Mukasonga rescues a million souls from the collective noun ‘genocide,’ returning them to us as individual human beings.” — Zadie Smith In a 4-part narrative brimming with historical asides, alluring anecdotes, and murky questions left in the margins of colonial records, Sister Deborah heralds “a life that is more alive” as it explores the tensions and myths of Rwanda’s past. When time-worn ancestral remedies fail to heal young Ikirezi’s maladies, she’s rushed to the Rwandan hillsides. From her termite perch under the coral tree, health blooms under Sister Deborah’s hands. Women bear their breasts to the rising sun as men under thatched roofs stand, “stunned and impotent before this female fury.” Now grown, Ikirezi unearths the truth of Sister Deborah’s passage from America to 1930s Rwanda and the mystery surrounding her sudden departure. In colonial records, Sister Deborah is a “pathogen,” an “incident.” Who is the keeper of truth, Ikirezi impels us to ask, Who stands at the threshold of memory? Did we dance? Did she heal? Did we look to the sky with wonder? Ikirezi writes on, pulling Sister Deborah out from the archive, inscribing her with breath. A beautiful novel that works in the slippages of history, Sister Deborah at its core is a story of what happens when women — black women and girls — seek the truth by any means.
Friendship, deceit, fear, and persecution at an elite boarding school for young women in Rwanda, fifteen years before the 1994 genocide of the Tutsi . . . “Mukasonga’s masterpiece” (Julian Lucas, NYRB) Scholastique Mukasonga drops us into an elite Catholic boarding school for young women perched on the edge of the Nile. Parents send their daughters to Our Lady of the Nile to be molded into respectable citizens and to escape the dangers of the outside world. Fifteen years prior to the 1994 Rwandan genocide, we watch as these girls try on their parents’ preconceptions and attitudes, transforming the lycée into a microcosm of the country’s mounting racial tensions and violence. In the midst of the interminable rainy season, everything unfolds behind the closed doors of the school: friendship, curiosity, fear, deceit, prejudice, and persecution. With masterful prose that is at once subtle and penetrating, Mukasonga captures a society hurtling towards horror.
Mukasonga unsparingly resurrects the horrors of the Rwandan geocide while lyrically recording the quieter moments of daily life with her family—a moving tribute to all those who are displaced, who suffer. Mukasonga’s extraordinary, lyrical, and heartbreaking book … is indispensable reading for anyone who cares about the endurance of the human spirit and who hopes for a better world. — Lynne Sharon Schwartz, Los Angeles Review of Books Scholastique Mukasonga’s Cockroaches is a compelling chronicle of the author’s childhood in the years leading up to the 1994 Rwandan genocide. In a spare and penetrating tone, Mukasonga brings to life the scenes of her family’s forced displacement from Rwanda to neighboring Burundi. With a view made lucid through time and pain, Mukasonga erodes the distance between her present and her past, resurrecting and paying homage to her family members who were massacred in the genocide, but also, in movingly simple language, the beauty present in quiet, daily moments with her loved ones. As lyrical as it is tragic, Cockroaches is Mukasonga’s tribute to her family’s suffering and to the lingering grip of the dead on the living.
A sharp and playful critique of colonialism from the leading voice of French-Rwandan literature, animated by memories, archival specters, and powerful women “In sentences of great beauty and restraint, Mukasonga rescues a million souls from the collective noun ‘genocide,’ returning them to us as individual human beings.” — Zadie Smith In a 4-part narrative brimming with historical asides, alluring anecdotes, and murky questions left in the margins of colonial records, Sister Deborah heralds “a life that is more alive” as it explores the tensions and myths of Rwanda’s past. When time-worn ancestral remedies fail to heal young Ikirezi’s maladies, she’s rushed to the Rwandan hillsides. From her termite perch under the coral tree, health blooms under Sister Deborah’s hands. Women bear their breasts to the rising sun as men under thatched roofs stand, “stunned and impotent before this female fury.” Now grown, Ikirezi unearths the truth of Sister Deborah’s passage from America to 1930s Rwanda and the mystery surrounding her sudden departure. In colonial records, Sister Deborah is a “pathogen,” an “incident.” Who is the keeper of truth, Ikirezi impels us to ask, Who stands at the threshold of memory? Did we dance? Did she heal? Did we look to the sky with wonder? Ikirezi writes on, pulling Sister Deborah out from the archive, inscribing her with breath. A beautiful novel that works in the slippages of history, Sister Deborah at its core is a story of what happens when women — black women and girls — seek the truth by any means.
The stories in Igifu summon phantom memories of Rwanda and radiate with the fierce ache of a survivor. From the National Book Award finalist who Zadie Smith says, "rescues a million souls from the collective noun genocide." Scholastique Mukasonga's autobiographical stories rend a glorious Rwanda from the obliterating force of recent history, conjuring the noble cows of her home or the dew-swollen grass they graze on. In the title story, five-year-old Colomba tells of a merciless overlord, hunger or igifu, gnawing away at her belly. She searches for sap at the bud of a flower, scraps of sweet potato at the foot of her parent's bed, or a few grains of sorghum in the floor sweepings. Igifu becomes a dizzying hole in her stomach, a plunging abyss into which she falls. In a desperate act of preservation, Colomba's mother gathers enough sorghum to whip up a nourishing porridge, bringing Colomba back to life. This elixir courses through each story, a balm to soothe the pains of those so ferociously fighting for survival. Her writing eclipses the great gaps of time and memory; in one scene she is a child sitting squat with a jug of sweet, frothy milk and in another she is an exiled teacher, writing down lists of her dead. As in all her work, Scholastique sits up with them, her witty and beaming beloved.
Imagine Africa and its theme of "Revolution" is introduced by Georges Lory who opens the collection with his essay, "Poets to your quills, Africa is taking off". Through a collage of poems, essays, fiction, and visual art, Imagine Africa gives us a glimpse of a kaleidoscopic contemporary Africa.
LONGLISTED FOR THE NATIONAL BOOK AWARD FOR TRANSLATED LITERATURE A moving, unforgettable tribute to a Tutsi woman who did everything to protect her children from the Rwandan genocide, by the daughter who refuses to let her family's story be forgotten. The story of the author's mother, a fierce, loving woman who for years protected her family from the violence encroaching upon them in pre-genocide Rwanda. Recording her memories of their life together in spare, wrenching prose, Mukasonga preserves her mother's voice in a haunting work of art.
FINALIST FOR THE 2022 NATIONAL BOOK AWARD A new masterwork of satire, lore, and living memory from the leading voice of French-Rwandan literature “Mukasonga breathes upon a vanished world and brings it to life in all its sparkling multifariousness” --J.M. Coetzee In four beautifully woven parts, Mukasonga spins a marvelous recounting of the clash between ancient Rwandan beliefs and the missionaries determined to replace them with European Christianity. When a rogue priest is defrocked for fusing the gospels with the martyrdom of Kibogo, a fierce clash of cults ensues. Swirling with the heady smell of wet earth and flashes of acerbic humor, Mukasonga brings to life the vital mythologies that imbue the Rwandan spirit. In doing so, she gives us a tale of disarming simplicity and profound universal truth. Kibogo’s story is reserved for the evening’s end, when women sit around a fire drinking honeyed brew, when just a few are able to stave off sleep. With heads nodding, drifting into the mist of a dream, one faithful storyteller will weave the old legends of the hillside, stories which church missionaries have done everything in their power to expunge. To some, Kibogo’s tale is founding myth, celestial marvel, magic incantation, bottomless source of hope. To white priests spritzing holy water on shriveled, drought-ridden trees, it looms like red fog over the village: forbidden, satanic, a witchdoctor’s hoax. All debate the twisted roots of this story, but deep down, all secretly wonder – can Kibogo really summon the rain?
The stories in Igifu summon phantom memories of Rwanda and radiate with the fierce ache of a survivor. From the National Book Award finalist who Zadie Smith says, "rescues a million souls from the collective noun genocide." Scholastique Mukasonga's autobiographical stories rend a glorious Rwanda from the obliterating force of recent history, conjuring the noble cows of her home or the dew-swollen grass they graze on. In the title story, five-year-old Colomba tells of a merciless overlord, hunger or igifu, gnawing away at her belly. She searches for sap at the bud of a flower, scraps of sweet potato at the foot of her parent's bed, or a few grains of sorghum in the floor sweepings. Igifu becomes a dizzying hole in her stomach, a plunging abyss into which she falls. In a desperate act of preservation, Colomba's mother gathers enough sorghum to whip up a nourishing porridge, bringing Colomba back to life. This elixir courses through each story, a balm to soothe the pains of those so ferociously fighting for survival. Her writing eclipses the great gaps of time and memory; in one scene she is a child sitting squat with a jug of sweet, frothy milk and in another she is an exiled teacher, writing down lists of her dead. As in all her work, Scholastique sits up with them, her witty and beaming beloved.
Parents send their daughters to the Our Lady of the Nile boarding school to be moulded into respectable citizens, and to protect them from the dangers of the outside world. The young ladies are expected to learn, eat and live together, presided over by the colonial white nuns. It is fifteen years prior to the 1994 Rwandan genocide and a quota permits only two Tutsi students for every twenty pupils. As Gloriosa, the school’s Hutu queen bee, mimics her parents’ prejudices, Veronica and Virginia, both Tutsis, are determined to find a place for themselves and their history. In the struggle for power and acceptance, the lycée is transformed into a microcosm of the country’s mounting racial tensions and violence. During the interminable rainy season, everything unfolds behind the school’s closed doors: friendship, curiosity, fear, deceit and persecution."---
Il n’y a pas de meilleur lycée que le lycée Notre-Dame du Nil. Il n’y en a pas de plus haut non plus. 2 500 mètres annoncent fièrement les professeurs blancs. 2 493, corrige sœur Lydwine, la professeure de géographie. “On est si près du ciel”, murmure la mère supérieure en joignant les mains. Rwanda, début des années 1970. Au lycée Notre-Dame du Nil, près des sources du grand fleuve égyptien, de jeunes filles en fl eurs se préparent à devenir de bonnes épouses, de bonnes mères, de bonnes chrétiennes. Mais sous le calme apparent couve la haine raciale. Un quota 'ethnique' limite à 10 % le nombre des élèves tutsi, les persécutions se multiplient et voici que s’approchent les nervis du pouvoir... Rescapée du massacre des Tutsi, Scholastique Mukasonga nous offre une œuvre poignante, où des adolescentes aux mains nues tentent d’échapper à une Histoire monstrueuse. Prix Renaudot 2012
Cette femme aux pieds nus qui donne le titre à mon livre, c'est ma mère, Stefania. Lorsque nous étions enfants, au Rwanda, mes sœurs et moi, maman nous répétait souvent : "Quand je mourrai, surtout recouvrez mon corps avec mon pagne, personne ne doit voir le corps d'une mère." Ma mère a été assassinée, comme tous les Tutsi de Nyamata, en avril 1994 ; je n'ai pu recouvrir son corps, ses restes ont disparu. Ce livre est le linceul dont je n'ai pu parer ma mère. C'est aussi le bonheur déchirant de la faire revivre, elle qui, jusqu'au bout traquée, voulut nous sauver en déjouant pour nous la sanglante terreur du quotidien. C'est, au seuil de l'horrible génocide, son histoire, c'est notre histoire." Scholastique Mukasonga.
Comment sauver son enfant d’une mort certaine ? Faut-il, comme le croit le père de l’auteur, faire confiance à l’école afin qu’elle obtienne un "beau diplôme" ? Ainsi elle ne serait plus ni hutu ni tutsi : elle atteindrait le statut inviolable des "évolués". C’est justement pour obtenir ce certificat que l’auteur sera obligée de prendre le chemin de l’exil. Elle passera de pays en pays, au Burundi, à Djibouti puis en France. Tantôt les chances que lui promettait ce précieux papier apparaissent comme une certitude, tantôt elles se volatilisent tel un mirage. Comme le lui avait dit son père, ce 'beau diplôme' sera le talisman, toujours source d’énergie, qui lui permettra de surmonter désespérance, désillusions et déconvenues. L’auteur revient ici à la veine autobiographique, avec ce style fluide, plein d’humour et de fantaisie qui rend passionnant le récit de ses souvenirs, si douloureux soient-ils parfois.
O romance "A mulher de pés descalços" trata de maneira pungente dos conflitos enfrentados pelas mulheres na Ruanda das lutas fratricidas entre as etnias Tutsi e Hutu, que culminaram com o ominoso genocídio praticado pelos hutus em 1994. Naquele momento, Scholastique Mukasonga, que é da etnia tutsi, já estava radicada na França, e viu à distância sua família ser dizimada. Escritora e ativista da diáspora negra, ela toma para si o chamamento para dar voz à dor e à perda, principalmente de sua mãe Stefania, cuja memória é homenageada em "A mulher de pés descalços".
Qui a fait revenir la pluie, sauvant ainsi son peuple de la sécheresse et de la famine ? Est-ce Maria de la chapelle ou la prêtresse de Kibogo qui a dansé sur la crête de la montagne au-dessus du gouffre ? Au Rwanda, le roi Musinga qui refusait le baptême fut destitué en 1931. Les pères missionnaires entreprirent alors la conversion massive de la population à la foi chrétienne. Cela aboutit à un drôle de syncrétisme qui constituait une forme de résistance à la colonisation. Fallait-il croire aux contes que prêchent les pères blancs ou à ceux que raconte votre mère, chaque soir, à la veillée, jusqu’à ce que le foyer ne soit plus que braises rougeoyantes ? Dans ces histoires miraculeuses, où se mêlent satire et humour, chacun se fait son propre avis sur la question.
Uma escola para meninas, situada no alto das montanhas da bacia do Congo e do Nilo, em Ruanda, a 2500 metros de altura e próxima à nascente do grande rio egípcio, aplica rigorosamente um sistema de cotas étnicas que limita a 10% o número de alunas da etnia tutsis. Quando os líderes do poder hutu tomam conta do local, o universo fechado em que têm de viver as alunas torna-se o teatro de lutas políticas e de incitações ao crime racial. Os conflitos são um prelúdio ao massacre ruandês que aconteceria tempos depois. Em Nossa Senhora do Nilo, Scholastique Mukasonga, sobrevivente do massacre, conta as experiências-limites pelas quais passaram as jovens do colégio, numa narrativa pungente que encantou o mundo.
L’Iguifou, c’est le ventre insatiable, la faim, qui tenaille les déplacés tutsi de Nyamata en proie à la famine et conduit Colomba aux portes lumineuses de la mort. À Nyamata, il y a aussi la peur qui accompagne les enfants jusque sur les bancs de l’école et qui, bien loin du Rwanda, s’attache encore aux pas de l’exilée comme une ombre maléfique. Quant à Héléna, elle vit la tragique malédiction de sa beauté... Après le génocide, ne reste que la quête du deuil impossible, deuil désiré et refusé, car c’est auprès des morts qu’il faut puiser la force de survivre. L’écriture sereine de Scholastique Mukasonga, empreinte de poésie et d’humour, gravite inlassablement autour de l’indicible, l’astre noir du génocide.
Imagine Africa and its theme of "Revolution" is introduced by Georges Lory who opens the collection with his essay, "Poets to your quills, Africa is taking off". Through a collage of poems, essays, fiction, and visual art, Imagine Africa gives us a glimpse of a kaleidoscopic contemporary Africa.
Les tambours ont-ils un cœur? Sans doute si ce sont les tambours sacrés du Rwanda. Et Nyabingi, l’Esprit redoutable de la mystérieuse reine Kitami, peut-il s’emparer d’une petite fille? Évidemment, si son penchant irrésistible pour la solitude et la rêverie la conduit trop souvent sur les rives du marais où la guette une vieille sorcière. Et c’est ainsi que Prisca, la petite villageoise d’une colline du Rwanda, devient Kitami, la vedette qui, par ses improvisations magnétiques, envoûte le monde entier. Et Kitami, la déesse africaine, fait retentir Ruguina, le tambour sacré, du Rwanda à la Jamaïque, du Bronx à Salvador de Bahia. Mais la fin de Kitami se révèle être une véritable énigme : le ventre de Ruguina en garde peut-être le secret.
À Nyamata, nous avions depuis longtemps accepté que notre délivrance soit la mort. Nous avions vécu dans son attente, toujours aux aguets de son approche, inventant et réinventant malgré tout des moyens d’y échapper. Jusqu’à la prochaine fois où elle serait plus proche encore, où elle emporterait des voisins, des camarades de classe, des frères, un fils. Et les mères tremblaient d’angoisse en mettant au monde un garçon qui deviendrait un Inyenzi qu’il serait loisible d’humilier, de traquer, d’assassiner en toute impunité. En retraçant son histoire, Scholastique Mukasonga dresse un tombeau de papier aux victimes tutsi de la haine raciale. Le témoignage essentiel d’une rescapée sur quarante ans de persécutions au Rwanda.
L’histoire de Julienne est celle d’une destinée d’exil : née en exil au Rwanda, son propre pays, morte au bout de l’exil dans la solitude glacée d’une grande ville d’Europe ; c’est aussi l’histoire d’un amour fou.
Pourquoi Viviane, même nue, porte-t-elle autour de la taille une cordelette où s'accroche un minuscule morceau de bois ?... Et puis, entre la Bible et les aventures de Titicarabi, y a-t-il d'autres livres ? Le règne d'un roi peut-il nous être conté par une vache ?... Et si l'on chasse de la colline celle sur qui s'accumulent les malheurs, chassera-t-on grâce à ce bouc émissaire le Malheur inhérent à la condition humaine ?... Et si un fier destin attendait Cyprien le Pygmée, rejeté de presque tous ? Ces nouvelles rwandaises s'enchâssent avec maestria comme les tesselles d'une mosaïque. Elles contiennent les tourments et les espoirs de tout un peuple. Les mots de Scholastique Mukasonga coulent, cristallins, de mémoire en mémoire, jusqu'à nous montrer, même quand passe le malheur, toute la beauté de la vie. Grand prix SGDL de la nouvelle 2015
Au Rwanda, un lycée de jeunes filles perché sur la crête Congo-Nil, à 2500 mètres d'altitude, près des sources du grand fleuve égyptien. Les familles espèrent que dans ce havre religieusement baptisé Notre-Dame du Nil, isolé, d'accès difficile, loin des tentations de la capitale, leurs filles parviendront vierges au mariage négocié pour elles dans l'intérêt du lignage. Les transgressions menacent au cœur de cette puissante et belle nature où par ailleurs un rigoureux quota "ethnique" limite à 10% le nombre des élèves tutsi. Sur le même sommet montagneux, dans une plantation à demi abandonnée, un "vieux Blanc", peintre et anthropologue excentrique, assure que les Tutsi descendent des pharaons noirs de Méroé. Avec passion, il peint à fresques les lycéennes dont les traits rappellent ceux de la déesse Isis et d'insoumises reines Candace sculptées sur les stèles, au bord du Nil, il y a trois millénaires. Non sans risques pour la jeune vie de l'héroïne, et pour bien d'autres filles du lycée, la déesse est intronisée dans le temple qu'il a bâti pour elle. Le huis clos où doivent vivre ces lycéennes bientôt encerclées par les nervis du pouvoir hutu, les amitiés, les désirs et les haines, les luttes politiques, les complots, les incitations aux meurtres raciaux, les persécutions sournoises puis ouvertes, les rêves et les désillusions, les espoirs de survie, fonctionne comme un microcosme existentiel, un prélude exemplaire au génocide rwandais, fascinant de vérité, décrit d'une écriture directe et sans faille. Scholastique Mukasonga, rescapée du massacre des Tutsi, nous donne ici son premier roman, où des jeunes filles à mains nues tentent d'échapper à l'Histoire monstrueuse qui a décimé sa propre famille.
De Kibogo, le fils du roi, ou du Yézu des missionnaires, lequel des deux est monté au ciel? Qui a fait revenir la pluie, sauvant ainsi son peuple de la sécheresse et de la famine? Est-ce Maria de la chapelle ou la prêtresse de Kibogo qui a dansé sur la crête de la montagne au-dessus du gouffre? Au Rwanda, colonisation et évangélisation avaient partie liée. En 1931, la destitution du roi Musinga qui refusait le baptême entraîna la conversion massive de la population. Souvent, ces baptêmes à la chaîne, pour beaucoup opportunistes, aboutirent à un syncrétisme qui constituait une forme de résistance. Est-ce qu'il fallait croire aux contes que prêchent les pères blancs à longue barbe ou à ceux que raconte votre mère, chaque soir, à la veillée, jusqu'à ce que le foyer ne soit plus que braises rougeoyantes? Dans ces histoires miraculeuses, la satire se mêle d'humour et de merveilleux : un immense plaisir de lecture.
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