This Is An Updated And Enlarged Edition Of The Earlier Book Citadel Of Ice By The Same Author.The Book Vividly Describes Indias Epoch-Making, Daring Scientific Adventure In The Icy Continent Of Antarctica; It Narrates The Story Of A Group Of 12 Scientists And Soldiers, Who Helped To Establish The First Ever Over-Wintering Indian Base, Dakshin Gangotri On A Floating Ice Shelf In Antarctica.Beginning With A Description Of The Voyage To Antarctica Through The Roaring Forties, Icebergs, Pack Ice And Fast Sea Ice, The Book Recounts The Painstaking Process Of Selecting A Construction Site For Dakshin Gangotri On A 400M Thick Continental Ice Shelf And The Construction Of The Station Right From Its Foundation To The Commissioning Of The Life-Support Systems.The Book Then Describes The Hair-Raising Incidents Of The Long Antarctic Blizzards Where The Wind Many A Time Touched Over 250Km/H With Snow Flying All Around, Which Threatened The Very Existence Of The Base. It Highlights The Ardous Struggles Of Psychological And Biological Adjustment With The Mid-Night Sun And Polar Night With The Temperature Going Down To As Low As -60°C.The Book Also Highlights The Beauty Of The Aurora Australis, Polar Shadows, Mirage Effects And Other Optical Illusions. Presents An Intriguing Account Of The Expeditions Through The Polar Ice Cap With Deep Crevasses, Flowing Rivers And Treacherous Lakes, Glaciers Andnunataks.The Teams Gallant Efforts Put India On The World Map Amongst The Scientifically-Advanced Nations. The Nation Rewarded Theteams Achievement By Awarding One Kirti Chakra, Two Shaurya Chakras, Five Sena Medals And One Vishishtha Sewa Medal, Which Is The Highest Number Of National Awards Won By Any National Mission.This Book Now Includes A Vivid Account Of The Later Expeditions To Antarctica Alongwith Their Contribution To Indian Scientific Research.The Book, Written By The Leader Of The Team With A Foreword By Padma Vibhushan Dr. S.Z. Qasim, Former Member, Planning Commission And Secretary, Department Of Ocean Development, Is Illustrated With Over 45 Coloured Photographs And Maps.
This textbook presents a systematic study of terrorism from the standpoint of economic analysis. Choosing the kind and level of measures to counter terror is, to a large extent, an economic decision, as counterterrorism (CT) measures and their side effects are costly. This text, contains theoretical models that illustrate the economic mechanisms of different types of CT measures. A vast array of empirical studies and regularities are also presented. Some chapters discuss in depth the empirical results in the literature as well as the underlying statistical/econometric methodologies that go beyond ordinary regression. General Appendix A provides an exposition of the concept of compensating surplus and elements of the basic game theory, to help the reader with an economics background recapitulate micro theory concepts used in the book. General Appendix B lays out the notions of hypothesis testing, regression and more advanced statistical/econometric methods, so that the reader understands or at least can have an intuitive idea of how the results are derived and what they mean with some degree of inner comfort. Aimed at students at the intermediate undergraduate and graduate levels, the text requires knowledge of basic micro, first-order conditions of profit or utility maximization and cost minimization, and statistical concepts of hypothesis testing and regression. This textbook is intended for use in courses in economics, political science, criminal justice, and emergency management. Additionally, professionals working with national security in government and non-governmental organizations may find it useful.
This book analyzes the following four distinct, although not dissimilar, areas of social choice theory and welfare economics: nonstrategic choice, Harsanyi's aggregation theorems, distributional ethics and strategic choice. While for aggregation of individual ranking of social states, whether the persons behave strategically or non-strategically, the decision making takes place under complete certainty; in the Harsanyi framework uncertainty has a significant role in the decision making process. Another ingenious characteristic of the book is the discussion of ethical approaches to evaluation of inequality arising from unequal distributions of achievements in the different dimensions of human well-being. Given its wide coverage, combined with newly added materials, end-chapter problems and bibliographical notes, the book will be helpful material for students and researchers interested in this frontline area research. Its lucid exposition, along with non-technical and graphical illustration of the concepts, use of numerical examples, makes the book a useful text.
“An indispensable reference for all researchers interested in the measurement of social welfare. . .” —François Bourguignon, Emeritus Professor at Paris School of Economics, Former Chief Economist of the World Bank. “. . .a detailed, insightful, and pedagogical presentation of the theoretical grounds of multidimensional well-being, inequality, and poverty measurement. Any student, researcher, and practitioner interested in the multidimensional approach should begin their journey into such a fascinating theme with this wonderful book.” —François Maniquet, Professor, Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium. A Review of the Multidimensional Approaches to the Measurement of Welfare, Inequality, and Poverty Analyzing Multidimensional Well-Being: A Quantitative Approach offers a comprehensive approach to the measurement of well-being that includes characteristics such as income, health, literacy, and housing. The author presents a systematic comparison of the alternative approaches to the measurement of multidimensional welfare, inequality, poverty, and vulnerability. The text contains real-life applications of some multidimensional aggregations (most of which have been designed by international organizations such as the United Nations Development Program and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) that help to judge the performance of a country in the various dimensions of well-being. The text offers an evaluation of how well a society is doing with respect to achievements of all the individuals in the dimensions considered and clearly investigates how achievements in the dimensions can be evaluated from different perspectives. The author includes a detailed scrutiny of alternative techniques for setting weights to individual dimensional metrics and offers an extensive analysis into both the descriptive and welfare theoretical approaches to the concerned multi-attribute measurement and related issues. This important resource: • Contains a synthesis of multidimensional welfare, inequality, poverty, and vulnerability analysis • Examines aggregations of achievement levels in the concerned dimensions of well-being from various standpoints • Shows how to measure poverty using panel data instead of restricting attention to a single period and when we have imprecise information on dimensional achievements • Argues that multidimensional analysis is intrinsically different from marginal distributions-based analysis Written for students, teachers, researchers, and scholars, Analyzing Multidimensional Well-Being: A Quantitative Approach puts the focus on various approaches to the measurementof the many aspects of well-being and quality of life. Satya R. Chakravarty is a Professor of Economics at the Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India. He is an Editor of Social Choice and Welfare and a member of the Editorial Board of Journal of Economic Inequality.
This volume will be summarized on the basis of the topics of Ionic Liquids in the form of chapters and sections. It would be emphasized on the synthesis of ILs of different types, and stabilization of amphiphilic self-assemblies in conventional and newly developed ILs to reveal formulation, physicochemical properties, microstructures, internal dynamics, thermodynamics as well as new possible applications. It covers: Topics of ionic liquid assisted micelles and microemulsions in relation to their fundamental characteristics and theories Development bio-ionic liquids or greener, environment-friendly solvents, and manifold interesting and promising applications of ionic liquid based micelles and micremulsions
“An Introduction to Waves and Oscillations in the Sun” is intended for students and researchers who work in the area of solar and astrophysics. This book contains an introduction to the Sun, basics of electrodynamics, magneto-hydrodynamics for force-free and current-free fields. It deals with waves in uniform media with relevance to sound waves and Alfven waves, and with waves in non-uniform media like surface waves or waves in a slab and cylindrical geometry. It also touches on instabilities in fluids and observational signatures of oscillations. Finally, there is an introduction to the area of helio-seismology, which deals with the internal structure of the Sun.
Rare events such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods etc do not fortunately occur every day, but when they do, their effects are devastating. These days, such rare events are particularly important to understand to characterize the global warming and climate changes. In addition to natural catastrophes, rare events such as big financial crashes also play a significant role in economy. In the absence of predictive models, the best way forward is to analyse the statistics of these extreme events and draw conclusions from it about the probability of their occurrences. Extreme value statistics (EVS) and the statistics of records in a random sequence are examples of a truly interdisciplinary topic, spanning from statistics and mathematics on one side to physics of disordered systems on the other. They have tremendous importance and practical applications in a wide variety of fields, such as climate science, finance, spin-glasses, and random matrices. Statistics and mathematical literature have explored the subject of the classical theory of EVS. However, more recently, EVS started to play a very important role in statistical physics, in particular in disordered systems. This has led to a plethora of activities, both in the statistical physics and in the mathematics communities over the last few decades. This book develops the theory of rare events, both for the classical uncorrelated as well as for correlated sequences, in terms of simple models and examples. Statistics of Extremes and Records in Random Sequences is a pedagogical book with examples illustrating the basic tools and techniques that are essential to a student starting to work in this interesting and rapidly developing field.
There is nothing more miserable than to feel that emancipation is in the air and yet suffer the slavery of a mistaken idea. The author seeks to re-invent Hinduism by bringing to the fore its most fundamental postulates as: 1. Worship of the monotheistic formless Brahm. 2. God-realisation through Nishkam Sewa (selfless service). 3. Social equality and brotherhood (vasudhaiva kutumbakam). 4. Self-realisation through Jnana Yoga, Karma Yoga and Bhakti Yoga. 5. Salvation through worldly life of Purushaarth (Dharm, Arth, Kaam, Moksha). 'EK Samaj' repudiates the following attributes as excrescences and repugnant to the faith: 1. Mixing philosophy and religion made Hinduism an unorganised religion. 2. Worshipping numerous deities and limiting religious service to mere darshan of the idols fragmented Hinduism. 3. Hereditary priesthood, as permanent intermediaries for communion with God, polluted the religion. 4. Occupational ‘purity’ and ‘pollution’ camouflaged iniquitous social divisions. 5. Individual instead of congregational worship smothered Hindu brotherhood. 6. Pretensions of attaining Siddhis through ‘meditation and penances’ eulogised. 7. Escapism in worldly renunciation honoured. 8. Fatalist karma theory made Hindus pessimistic and other-worldly. 9. Transmigration, reincarnation, 84-lakh births used as props for gradation of castes. 10. Acceptance of Ahimsa made Hindus a doormat for the ruthless barbarians. 11. Karma kand and Mantra, Tantra, Yantra etc. justified as the sole religious expressions. 12. Lack of proselytisation prevented Hinduism from becoming a world religion. 13. Devdasi tradition made temples the venues of entertainment and recreation.
This chapter reviews the precipitation and precipitate phases that occur during heat treatments in multi-component Al-Li based alloys. It describes aspects related to nucleation, growth, morphology and orientation relationships of the strengthening precipitates δ’ and T1, the toughening precipitate S’ and the recrystallisation-inhibiting precipitate β’. Equilibrium precipitate phases such as T2, which are deleterious to the mechanical and corrosion properties of the alloys, are also described. It is shown that careful alloy chemistry control, two-step homogenization and controlled stretching prior to ageing can be employed to improve the volume fraction and distribution of the precipitate phases. All these processing aspects are necessary to achieve optimum combinations of properties for the alloys.
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