The book highlights three types of technologies being developed for autonomous solution of navigation problems. These technologies are based on the polarization structure, ultra-broadband and the fluctuation characteristics (slow and fast) of the radiolocation signals. The book presents the problems of intrinsic thermal radio emission polarization and change in radio waves polarization when they are reflected from objects with non-linear properties. The purpose of this book is to develop the foundations for creating autonomous radionavigation systems to provide aviation with navigation systems that will substantially increase its capabilities, specifically acting where satellite technologies do not work. The book is intended for specialists involved in the development and operation of aviation-technical complexes, as well as for specialists of national aviation regulators and ICAO experts dealing with the problems of improving flight safety.
Light is in a sense “one-handed” when interacting with atoms of conventional materials. This is because out of the two field components of light, electric and magnetic, only the electric “hand” efficiently probes the atoms of a material, whereas the magnetic component remains relatively unused because the interaction of atoms with the magnetic field component of light is normally weak. Metamaterials, i.e. artificial materials with rationally designed properties, can enable the coupling of both of the field components of light to meta-atoms, enabling entirely new optical properties and exciting applications with such “two-handed” light. Among the fascinating properties is a negative refractive index. The refractive index is one of the most fundamental characteristics of light propagation in materials. Metamaterials with negative refraction may lead to the development of a superlens capable of imaging objects and their fine structures that are much smaller than the wavelength of light. Other exciting applications of metamaterials include novel antennae with superior properties, optical nano-lithography and nano-circuits, and “meta-coatings” that can make objects invisible. The word “meta” means “beyond” in Greek, and in this sense the name “metamaterials” refers to “beyond conventional materials.” Metamaterials are typically man-made and have properties not available in nature. What is so magical about this simple merging of “meta” and “materials” that has attracted so much attention from researchers and has resulted in exponential growth in the number of publications in this area? The answer you can find in this book.
Acoustic Emission in Friction is devoted to acoustic, mainly ultrasonic, emission that occurs in friction of machine components. Its crucial novelty is in systematizing the advances in its use for monitoring technical systems, especially in the important nuclear power industry. Written by four well-known experts from the main nuclear research university in Russia, this book covers the following areas: - All the sources of acoustic emission in friction - The theory of acoustic emission - The effects of surface conditions, load and velocity on acoustic emission - The equipment for registration and monitoring of acoustic emission - Unique data from acoustic emission control under various testing conditions in friction units of machinery for nuclear industry machinery There is much emphasis on the comparatively new and rapidly developing tribology of nuclear power engineering. Although a substantial part of the experimental data relates to this specific field of engineering, the universality of the method is shown and its application is possible wherever the field inspection of friction units is necessary. - Calculation expressions describing main characteristics of AE registered in friction units - Describes new set-ups for studying the tribological behaviour of nuclear engineering materials - Presents the theory of the acoustic emission method in friction units
The book highlights three types of technologies being developed for autonomous solution of navigation problems. These technologies are based on the polarization structure, ultra-broadband and the fluctuation characteristics (slow and fast) of the radiolocation signals. The book presents the problems of intrinsic thermal radio emission polarization and change in radio waves polarization when they are reflected from objects with non-linear properties. The purpose of this book is to develop the foundations for creating autonomous radionavigation systems to provide aviation with navigation systems that will substantially increase its capabilities, specifically acting where satellite technologies do not work. The book is intended for specialists involved in the development and operation of aviation-technical complexes, as well as for specialists of national aviation regulators and ICAO experts dealing with the problems of improving flight safety.
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