This is a groundbreaking book that offers key stakeholders, policy makers and professionals a much needed resource to understand the need to provide effective and humane treatment of drug users with drug addiction problems (drug dependants) who fall within the criminal justice system in Malaysia. This book begins with a narrative description of the historical evolution of drug abuse in Malaysia: beginning from the opium trade in the 18th century, with the exodus of the Chinese immigrants to Southeast Asia and Malaysia as labourers in the late 19th century which brought along the problem of opium addiction to the Malay Peninsula, to the 1970s which saw a transitional change from opium addiction to heroin and the rise in amphetamine-type-stimulant (ATS) abuse in Malaysia as the 21st century drug problem. It then provides an overview of Malaysia’s prohibition approach by waging the rhetorical War on Drugs, including the development of Malaysia’s punitive drug laws and the recent paradigm shift towards a more rehabilitative approach in drug treatment. Over the years, a considerable number of High Court cases have challenged the legality of the detention of drug dependants for treatment at Puspen via a court-mandated order. This book further presents a commentary that is founded upon the legal challenges brought about by such unlawful detention, illustrated by judicial decisions of Malaysian judges regarding the constitutional rights of the drug dependants enshrined under Article 5 of the Federal Constitution.
This publication contributes to new understandings of how heritage operates as a global phenomenon and the transnational heritage discourses that emerge from this process. Taking such a view sees autochthonous and franchised heritage not as separate or opposing elements but as part of the same process of contemporary globalised identity-making, which contributes to the development of newly emergent cosmopolitan identities. The book critically examines the processes that are involved in the franchising of heritage and its cultural effects. It does so by examining the connections and tensions that emerge from combining autochthonous and franchised heritage in the United Arab Emirates, providing a unique window in to the process of creating hybrid heritage in non-Western contexts. It develops new ideas about how this global phenomenon works, how it might be characterised and how it influences and is itself affected by local forms of heritage. By exploring how autochthonous and franchised heritage is produced in Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates it becomes clear that Western-dominated practices are often challenged and, perhaps more importantly, that new ways of understanding, producing and living with heritage are being articulated in these previously marginal locations. The book offers innovative insights into heritage as a transnational process, exploring how it operates within local, national and international identity concerns and debates. It will appeal to scholars and students interested in critical heritage studies, museums, tourism, cultural studies and Middle Eastern studies.
Museum activity has, in recent years, undergone major and rapid development in the Arabian Peninsula, with the regeneration of existing museums as well as the establishment of new ones. Alongside such rapid expansion, questions are inevitably raised as to the new challenges museums face in this region and whether the museum, as a central focus of heritage preservation, also runs the risk of overshadowing local forms of heritage performance and preservation. With contributions from leading academics from a range of disciplines and heritage practitioners with first-hand experience of working in the region, this volume addresses the issues and challenges facing museums in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Yemen and the UAE. It focuses on the themes of politics, public engagement and the possibility of a new museum paradigm which might appropriately reflect the interests and culture of the region. The interdisciplinary approaches analyse museum development from both an inside and outside perspective, suggesting that museums do not follow a uniform trajectory across the region, but are embedded within each states’ socio-cultural context, individual government agendas and political realities. Including case study analysis, which brings the more marginal nations into the debates, as well as new empirical data and critical evaluation of the role of the museum in the Arabian Peninsula societies, this book adds fresh perspectives to the study of Gulf heritage and museology. It will appeal to regional and international practitioners and academics across the disciplines of museum studies, cultural studies, and anthropology as well as to anyone with an interest in the Gulf and Middle East.
This book critically engages with the concepts of small states and soft power and advances a new approach to defining small states, a new conceptualisation of soft power, and a method for empirically analysing the exercise of soft power. It revisits the concepts of small states and soft power with a focus on Bhutan and Qatar and their approach to exercise soft power to achieve their foreign policy goals. Building on two main perspectives to define small states – the objective approach and the subjective perspective – this book offers an intersubjective approach to define states as small. The intersubjective approach requires a shared understanding between states that a certain state is small. The book further highlights the importance of deconstructing the meaning of size and to separate the notion of size from the concept of power because size is not always indicative of power. It argues that although small states tend to have fewer material resources than large states, they nevertheless can have influence through the exercise of soft power. Soft power is in this book defined as the ability of an actor to convince another actor that something is true. Convincing deals with the beliefs of an actor and is a mental decision rather than a physical action. This book argues that the exercise of soft power can be analysed through examining the development, projection, and reception of identities. The findings of this book show that Bhutan was more successful than Qatar in exercising soft power and explains the reasons for this variation. Aimed at a multidisciplinary audience, this book will be of particular interest to practitioners, scholars, and students of International Relations, Political Power, Small States, and Area Studies.
This is a groundbreaking book that offers key stakeholders, policy makers and professionals a much needed resource to understand the need to provide effective and humane treatment of drug users with drug addiction problems (drug dependants) who fall within the criminal justice system in Malaysia. This book begins with a narrative description of the historical evolution of drug abuse in Malaysia: beginning from the opium trade in the 18th century, with the exodus of the Chinese immigrants to Southeast Asia and Malaysia as labourers in the late 19th century which brought along the problem of opium addiction to the Malay Peninsula, to the 1970s which saw a transitional change from opium addiction to heroin and the rise in amphetamine-type-stimulant (ATS) abuse in Malaysia as the 21st century drug problem. It then provides an overview of Malaysia’s prohibition approach by waging the rhetorical War on Drugs, including the development of Malaysia’s punitive drug laws and the recent paradigm shift towards a more rehabilitative approach in drug treatment. Over the years, a considerable number of High Court cases have challenged the legality of the detention of drug dependants for treatment at Puspen via a court-mandated order. This book further presents a commentary that is founded upon the legal challenges brought about by such unlawful detention, illustrated by judicial decisions of Malaysian judges regarding the constitutional rights of the drug dependants enshrined under Article 5 of the Federal Constitution.
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