Moving beyond existing approaches that largely deal with the biophysical consequences of climate change realities in Africa, this book explores an alternative perspective that traces climate change as a travelling idea. It focuses on how globally constructed discourses on climate change find their way to the local level in the Bamenda Grassfields of Cameroon, thereby seeking to understand how these discursive practices lead to social transformations, and to new configurations of power. In the translation process from the global to the local level a continuous modification and appropriation of the idea of climate change takes place that finally leads to a concrete implementation of climate change related projects and sensitization campaigns. Hence, it is argued that in this increasingly interconnected and mediated world people in Africa (and elsewhere in the world) do not solely adapt to a changing climate, but also adapt to a changing discourse about the climate. Travelling between traditional rulers and their palaces, to the world of NGOs, journalists and ordinary farmers this study brings the reader on a captivating journey, that reveals how climate change engages in a variety of ways with different lifeworlds, revitalizes local cosmologies, gives birth to a new development paradigm, and moreover how it evokes apocalyptic anxieties and trajectories of blame at the grassroots level.
Rape and other forms of sexual violence have always been a feature of war. Yet it is only fairly recently that researchers have identified rape as a deliberate tool of war-making rather than simply an inevitable side effect of armed conflict. Much of the emerging literature has suggested that the underlying causes of rape stem from a single motivation-whether individual, symbolic, or strategic-leading to disagreement in the field about how we can understand and respond to the causes and consequences of sexual violence in war. In Rape Loot Pillage, Sara Meger argues that sexual violence is a form of gender-based political violence (perpetrated against both men and women) and a manifestation of unequal gender relations that are exacerbated by the social, political, and economic conditions of war. She looks at trends in the form and function of sexual violence in recent and ongoing conflicts to contend that, in different contexts, sexual violence takes different forms and is used in pursuit of different objectives. For this reason, no single framework for addressing conflict-related sexual violence will be sufficient. Taking a political economy perspective, Meger maintains that these variations can be explained by broader struggles over territory, assets, and other productive resources that motivate contemporary armed conflicts. Sexual violence is a reflection of global political economic struggles, and can't be addressed only at the local level-it must be addressed through regional and international policy. She concludes by providing some initial ideas about how this can be done via the UN and national governments.
Drawing from existing theory, policy, practice and speculative design about how cities may evolve, the book illustrates key concepts using case studies that respond to the complex relationships between human and non-human others (such as animals and plants, as well as soil, rivers, data and sensors) in urban space.
This book is a visual guide to the territorial dynamics operating within a territory. The reading of such dynamics is fundamental in understanding the role of food in cities. This atlas provides a refreshing approach to the study of the city and of its territory, expanded from the perspective of the food system. This book illustrates the impacts of urban planning options on the function of the contemporary Food System of the Lisbon Region, while disclosing its associated urban form solutions. It provides a possible methodology for the reading of the food system based on an analysis of planning instruments and their morphological outcomes, both in the territory but also on the various built forms which have resulted over time. A key focus of the atlas is exploring how planning has regulated the evolution of the Lisbon Region since the 20th century and its implications on the food system. The atlas results from an exhaustive survey and research work conducted in Lisbon Metropolitan Area for a research project, SPLACH – Spatial Planning for Change, for the past 3 years, in terms of the analysis of its Food System and Urban Planning, aiming to inform the delineation of planning strategies towards a sustainable urban environment. It is an important reference for planners, architects, planning and architecture students as well as municipal technicians and the general public, as it provides a refreshing and useful source of information to support further readings about the food system and its relations to urban planning instruments and urban form solutions. Furthermore, it builds a contemporary reading about possible solutions to promote a sustainable transition of the current food systems, while enhancing the strategic role of planning and urban form.
The value-driven nature of nonprofit organizations calls for a broader understanding of investments outside of a purely financial conceptualization. Nonprofits ultimately strive for a social return, and allocating resources to nonprofit capacities is a vital form of investments. The four chapters of this thesis examine two types of nonprofit investments, impact investing and investments in nonprofit capacities, and focus on their influencing factors and effects. The findings reveal that strategic behavior and planning are crucial management tasks. The blurring of social and financial logics offers opportunities that if accompanied by a clear strategy enhances the work of nonprofits.
Introduction to Recreation and Leisure, Third Edition, gives students a broad view of the field, offering them a solid foundation for understanding the industry they plan to enter upon graduation. Students learn from the perspectives of 52 leading professors, professionals, and emerging scholars from the United States, Canada, Brazil, China, and around the globe. Led by new editors, Tyler Tapps and Mary Sara Wells, these experts introduce recreation and leisure foundational concepts, delivery systems, and programming services. Students benefit from the diversity of perspectives and viewpoints from around the world as they learn about the similarities and differences in the industry from an international perspective. The following are new to this edition: • New editors and contributors from around the world, including emerging scholars • Updated data throughout the book • New chapter sections • An expanded chapter on international perspectives on sustainability and ecotourism • Real-world connections to recreation and leisure theories that help students consider career options • A web study guide with On the Job learning activities, a glossary, chapter overviews, article summaries, and recommendations of websites to explore A Strong Foundational Overview Introduction to Recreation and Leisure grounds students in the historical, philosophical, and social aspects of the industry. The authors offer fresh insights into community parks and recreation departments, nonprofit organizations, and commercial recreation and ecotourism enterprises. Students learn about various enriching educational programs and services for people of all ages. “The text encompasses a variety of services, including recreational sport management, outdoor and adventure recreation, health and wellness, and arts and culture,” says Tapps. “It also exposes students to career options and supports them as they explore their interests and prepare for challenging careers in the industry.” Text Contents The book is organized into three parts. In part I, students learn about the foundations of recreation and leisure, including the historical, philosophical, and social issues that have shaped the field. Part II explores various sectors of the field, including leisure service delivery systems, public recreation, the nonprofit sector, the for-profit sector (such as event and ecotourism enterprises), and therapeutic recreation, among others. Part III focuses on the programming of recreation and leisure services, including program delivery systems, recreational sport management, outdoor and adventure recreation, the nature of recreation and leisure as a profession, and more. Each chapter includes learning objectives that highlight the chapter’s important concepts, as well as an Outstanding Graduates feature that introduces former students who have gone on to successful careers in the field. A glossary of important terms is included in the web study guide and instructor guide, which are part of the ancillary package. Ancillaries The text is supported by an instructor guide, a test package, a PowerPoint presentation package, and a web study guide that contains chapter summaries and learning experiences. These resources make it easier for instructors to prepare for and manage their courses, and they help students retain what they learn from the text. Guidance for Students Making Career Choices This fully updated text, with its insights and perspectives from top professionals and professors from around the globe, opens up the world of recreation and leisure for students, offering them vital information that will help them make informed choices as they move forward in pursuit of careers in this growing field. With its cutting-edge view of recreation and leisure services, Introduction to Recreation and Leisure prepares students for success in the field of recreation and leisure.
Travel to virtually any African country and you are likely to find a Coca-Cola, often a cold one at that. Bottled asks how this carbonated drink became ubiquitous across the continent, and what this reveals about the realities of globalisation, development and capitalism. Bottled is the first assessment of the social, commercial and environmental impact of one of the planet's biggest brands and largest corporations, in Africa. Sara Byala charts the company's century-long involvement in everything from recycling and education to the anti-apartheid struggle, showing that Africans have harnessed Coca-Cola in varied expressions of modernity and self-determination: this is not a story of American capitalism running amok, but rather of a company becoming African, bending to consumer power in ways big and small. In late capitalism, everyone's fates are bound together. A beverage in Atlanta and a beverage in Johannesburg pull us all towards the same end narrative. This story matters for more than just the local reasons, enhancing our understanding of our globalised, integrated world. Drawing on fieldwork and research in company archives, Byala asks a question for our time: does Coca-Cola's generative work offset the human and planetary costs associated with its growth in the twenty-first century?
As the threat of exposure to emerging and reemerging viruses within a naive population increases, it is vital that the basic mechanisms of pathogenesis and immune response be thoroughly investigated. By using animal models in this endeavor, the response to viruses can be studied in a more natural context to identify novel drug targets, and assess the efficacy and safety of new products. This is especially true in the advent of the Food and Drug Administration's animal rule. Although no one animal model is able to recapitulate all the aspects of human disease, understanding the current limitations allows for a more targeted experimental design. Important facets to be considered before an animal study are the route of challenge, species of animals, biomarkers of disease, and a humane endpoint. This chapter covers the current animal models for medically important human viruses, and demonstrates where the gaps in knowledge exist.
The rise and fall of the Southern Sudanese state explained through an in-depth and empirically grounded analysis of the intersection between externally supported state-building projects and the historical process of endogenous state formation.
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2021-554/ We have quantified annual changes of N stocks in forests in Sweden, Finland, Norway and in Denmark in two independent ways. First, we quantified major inflows (atmospheric deposition and biological N fixation) and outflows (leaching of N to runoff and tree harvest). The N outflows were between 70% and 130% of the N inflows, not indicating major loss or build-up of organic matter in any of the four countries. Then we calculated N stock change in forests based on annual C stock changes reported to UNFCCC and known C/N ratios. All four countries report annual increase of forest C stocks. The sources of N to make the C stock increase possible have not been identified in the N budgets based on inflows and outflows. The discrepancy between forest N and C budgets raises the question of the consistency between reported N and C flows and stock changes.
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