Today there are more than 2,500 bilateral investment treaties (BITs) around the world. Most of these investment protection treaties offer foreign investors a direct cause of action to claim damages against host-states before international arbitral tribunals. This procedure, together with the requirement of compensation in indirect expropriations and the fair and equitable treatment standard, have transformed the way we think about state liability in international law. We live in the BIT generation, a world where BITs define the scope and conditions according to which states are economically accountable for the consequences of regulatory change and administrative action. Investment arbitration in the BIT generation carries new functions which pose unprecedented normative challenges, such as the arbitral bodies established to resolve investor/state disputes defining the relationship between property rights and the public interest. They also review state action for arbitrariness, and define the proper tests under which that review should proceed. State Liability in Investment Treaty Arbitration is an interdisciplinary work, aimed at academics and practitioners, which focuses on five key dimensions of BIT arbitration. First, it analyses the past practice of state responsibility for injuries to aliens, placing the BIT generation in historical perspective. Second, it develops a descriptive law-and-economics model that explains the proliferation of BITs, and why they are all worded so similarly. Third, it addresses the legitimacy deficits of this new form of dispute settlement, weighing its potential advantages and democratic shortfalls. Fourth, it gives a comparative overview of the universal tension between property rights and the public interest, and the problems and challenges associated with liability grounded in illegal and arbitrary state action. Finally, it presents a detailed legal study of the current state of BIT jurisprudence regarding indirect expropriations and the fair and equitable treatment clause. This title is included in Bloomsbury Professional's International Arbitration online service.
Montañas, valles, páramos, cañones, nevados, volcanes, glaciares, desiertos, lagos, bosques, estepas, frío, calor, viento, geología sorprendente, cataratas, salinas, cielos infinitos, océanos, aguas termales, trochas, autopistas, interesantes ruinas, pingüinos, cóndores, comida variada, gente amable, precios cómodos, carne asada, fronteras fáciles, mismo idioma, lugares únicos en el mundo, cultura indígena. Esto y mucho más es Suramérica. El autor comparte sus numerosas aventuras personales, no siempre agradables para él, durante cinco meses y a lo largo de casi cuarenta mil kilómetros por el continente. Pero la jornada había comenzado treinta y cuatro años antes, imaginando un viaje que nunca se pudo forjar. Durante ese tiempo la llama se atenuaba cíclicamente, pero nunca se extinguió. Este libro invita a visitar las maravillas de una tierra que está aún por revelar. También lo invita a que usted tampoco deje apagar la llama que lo puede llevar algún día a cumplir con esa promesa de recorrer Suramérica.
Investigating a mysterious firefight in Colombia leads a journalist into a world of corrupt churches in this gripping thriller by the author of Necropolis. When a horribly violent confrontation occurs outside of Cauca, Colombia, only a young boy is around to witness it. But no sooner does the violence happen than it disappears, vanished without a trace. Nobody claims to have seen anything. Nobody claims to have heard anything. That is, until an anonymous accusation catalyzes a dangerous investigation into the deep underbelly of the Christian churches present today in Latin America. The Night Will Be Long is a dark, twisting thriller filled with moments of humor and pain—a story that will stick with readers long after they turn the last page. Praise for The Night Will Be Long “This intelligent police procedural from Gamboa . . . refracts decades of turbulent Colombian history through the experiences of dramatically drawn characters. . . . a colorful story with solid grounding in historical detail.” —Publishers Weekly “For my money, there may be no more ambitious, accomplished writer than Gamboa at work in international noir today. Gamboa brings a searching, penetrating style to the prose and unwinds a genuinely compelling and provocative story that interrogates the very nature of violence and truth.” —Crime Reads “An engrossing thriller set in a modern-day Colombia haunted by the legacy of decades of armed conflict. . . . Gamboa has crafted an effective thriller that thrives on his empathetic imagination.” —Shelf Awareness
The aim of the volume is to provide an authoritative and international treatise bringing together current knowledge in the field of respiratory infection. The book will be organised by presentation rather than causative organism, a differentiating feature from the existing competition, and will be divided into four parts - 'General Issues', 'Commun
Today there are more than 2,500 bilateral investment treaties (BITs) around the world. Most of these investment protection treaties offer foreign investors a direct cause of action to claim damages against host-states before international arbitral tribunals. This procedure, together with the requirement of compensation in indirect expropriations and the fair and equitable treatment standard, have transformed the way we think about state liability in international law. We live in the BIT generation, a world where BITs define the scope and conditions according to which states are economically accountable for the consequences of regulatory change and administrative action. Investment arbitration in the BIT generation carries new functions which pose unprecedented normative challenges, such as the arbitral bodies established to resolve investor/state disputes defining the relationship between property rights and the public interest. They also review state action for arbitrariness, and define the proper tests under which that review should proceed. State Liability in Investment Treaty Arbitration is an interdisciplinary work, aimed at academics and practitioners, which focuses on five key dimensions of BIT arbitration. First, it analyses the past practice of state responsibility for injuries to aliens, placing the BIT generation in historical perspective. Second, it develops a descriptive law-and-economics model that explains the proliferation of BITs, and why they are all worded so similarly. Third, it addresses the legitimacy deficits of this new form of dispute settlement, weighing its potential advantages and democratic shortfalls. Fourth, it gives a comparative overview of the universal tension between property rights and the public interest, and the problems and challenges associated with liability grounded in illegal and arbitrary state action. Finally, it presents a detailed legal study of the current state of BIT jurisprudence regarding indirect expropriations and the fair and equitable treatment clause. This title is included in Bloomsbury Professional's International Arbitration online service.
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