This beginning graduate textbook describes both recent achievements and classical results of computational complexity theory. Requiring essentially no background apart from mathematical maturity, the book can be used as a reference for self-study for anyone interested in complexity, including physicists, mathematicians, and other scientists, as well as a textbook for a variety of courses and seminars. More than 300 exercises are included with a selected hint set. The book starts with a broad introduction to the field and progresses to advanced results. Contents include: definition of Turing machines and basic time and space complexity classes, probabilistic algorithms, interactive proofs, cryptography, quantum computation, lower bounds for concrete computational models (decision trees, communication complexity, constant depth, algebraic and monotone circuits, proof complexity), average-case complexity and hardness amplification, derandomization and pseudorandom constructions, and the PCP theorem.
A culture of start-ups has disrupted the way businesses are run, and the need for rigorous study of dynamic business scenarios has become paramount in Business Schools.
Planners tend to promote formal plans as the only game in town while diverse efforts of urban actors shape our cities. Tracking the development of American "neighborhood unit" concept in independent India’s planning practice and literature—from the national level policies to on-the-ground applications in the city of Jaipur—Vidyarthi explains how a host of actors including neighborhood residents, squatters, politicians and developers made different kinds of plans that assimilated the design concept in line with their practical concerns and cultural preferences creating unique variants of neighborhood urbanism over time. One Idea, Many Plans counters misguided characterization of these unforeseen efforts as ‘unauthorized’ by state authorities. It shows how the frequently informal and tacit plans were neither arbitrary actions nor aimless subversions but purposeful future-oriented efforts that shaped the envisaged sociality and spatiality of Indian cities in more meaningful ways than the official master plans promoting planned neighborhoods. Carefully illustrating the different kinds of plans local actors use to guide incremental adaptation, improvement and investment, Vidyarthi offers insights about how we might improve formal plan making. Scholars, students and professional practitioners interested in different regions of the global south would find these lessons useful as a new generation of city design ideas like sustainability and new urbanism gain traction in an increasingly globalized World.
London, the very name of this iconic capital of United Kingdom evokes strong emotions and associations, wanderlust, fashion shopping, a plush lifestyle, land of the rich and famous, architecture dated back hundreds of years, rainy days, teatime; well, the list is endless. Wonders and joys of living in a multicultural, multiethnic, international city like London abound. This book, Treatise - the London Diaries is a compendium of scholarly articles, experiences, viewpoints, research reports, and even some historical accounts all with a perspective to London and United Kingdom and is intended for a very wholistic reading experience.
This book is quick guide on the hematopoietic stem cell transplant (SCT), also called bone marrow transplant (BMT) - an evolving field of hematology and hemato-oncology. This book covers the various types of stem cell transplants like autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplants, indications, ways of doing a transplant, and stem cell transplants basic principles. Written in a question-answer format, readers will find it more interesting as one question sequentially leads to another. This book explains the complications of SCT in individual chapters along with the biology of T cells which are the most important cells involved in the success of SCT This book is beneficial to the budding hematologists, oncologists, and postgraduates interested in SCT and helps students in their exams. The book would be helpful for readers globally as SCT is a procedure done worldwide and is an ever-increasing field for treating various benign and malignant hematological diseases.
The decline in military spending that began in the mid-1980s continued through 1995, and this decline was widespread both geographically and by level of development. Cuts in military spending appear to have potentially important implications for nonmilitary spending and fiscal adjustment. In contrast to findings for previous periods, military spending has declined more than proportionately in those countries that have reduced total spending. Countries with Fund programs have reduced military spending more sharply than other developing countries, largely reflecting outcomes in the transition economies. Further, military spending appears to have been less resilient in program countries than other developing countries.
Is it possible to crack the election enigma and provide the correct answer to that most fateful of all political questions: Who will win? Here is the real-life story of how an Indian journalist used latest data tools to accomplish something no one had ever achieved before: the ability to predict the winning party of any election even before the votes are counted. The tale of how Sanjeev Singh and data scientist Rishabh Srivastava converged their expertise to build the Singh-Srivastava Model is told in everyday, easy-to-understand language. Singh takes us step by step through the process of putting the model together, from the first hint that the idea would actually work to the final elation of victory and beyond. The Online Effect will educate and entertain not just psephologists and others who can use the model for their own work but also general voters and users of X (formerly Twitter) whose support of political parties and tweets respectively provide the foundation of the model.
Using a panel of 30 emerging market economies from 1997 to 2007, this paper investigates the determinants of country risk premiums as measured by sovereign bond spreads. Unlike previous studies, the results indicate that both fiscal and political factors matter for credit risk in emerging markets. Lower levels of political risk are associated with tighter spreads, while efforts at fiscal consolidation narrow credit spreads, especially in countries that experienced prior defaults. The composition of fiscal policy matters: spending on public investment contributes to lower spreads as long as the fiscal position remains sustainable and the fiscal deficit does not worsen.
The sizeable increase in income inequality experienced in advanced economies and many parts of the world since the 1990s and the severe consequences of the global economic and financial crisis have brought distributional issues to the top of the policy agenda. The challenge for many governments is to address concerns over rising inequality while simultaneously promoting economic efficiency and more robust economic growth. The book delves into this discussion by analyzing fiscal policy and its link with inequality. Fiscal policy is the government’s most powerful tool for addressing inequality. It affects households ‘consumption directly (through taxes and transfers) and indirectly (via incentives for work and production and the provision of public goods and individual services such as education and health). An important message of the book is that growth and equity are not necessarily at odds; with the appropriate mix of policy instruments and careful policy design, countries can in many cases achieve better distributional outcomes and improve economic efficiency. Country studies (on the Netherlands, China, India, Republic of Congo, and Brazil) demonstrate the diversity of challenges across countries and their differing capacity to use fiscal policy for redistribution. The analysis presented in the book builds on and extends work done at the IMF, and also includes contributions from leading academics.
This is a research proceeding, where Department of Physical Education & Sports, under the aegis of IQAC and Department of Higher Education (M.P.) going to organise “National Webinar on Inter-Relationship of Yoga & Health”. The Webinar will be held on 9th August 2023 with the aim to provide a platform to the scientists, researchers, academicians, industrialists, and students to assimilate the knowledge and get the opportunity to discuss, share insights through deep-dive research findings on the recent advancement and developments in the field of Physical Education, Sports Sciences, Physiotherapy. All sessions will largely be on Scientific Sports Performance, Mental Health, and Technology in sports, Inclusive sports, Wellness and Lifestyle Management.
This book brings together all the major components of the private health care sector in India, with detailed description of its evolution, the foundational ideas, its development, the positives and ill effects on the population. It suggests intelligible and practical remedies for public good. The book presents a comprehensive review of private health care sector’s resistance to Indian Government’s reforms like the national medical commission, NEET, clinical establishment act and the new boost to the traditional medicine by the Indian government. The author has discussed contentious areas like Corporate Hospitals, Capitation Fee Colleges, Pharmaceutical Industry, Western Models in Health Care, Integration of Medical Systems, Ayushman Bharat Scheme, Health Insurance and Public Private Partnership on a massive scale.
The new edition of Electrophysiological Disorders of the Heart helps you diagnose and treat a full range of heart rhythm disorders using today’s latest technologies and therapies. It provides practical, hands-on coverage of hot topics such as pediatric EP, imaging, echocardiography-guided EP procedures, regenerative therapies, cardiac pacing, and more. Now available in a new full-color format, the title also includes easy online access at www.expertconsult.com. Discover new ways to treat and manage the full range of heart rhythm disorders with content focused on common clinical features, diagnosis, and management. Review expert management strategies to help you handle complex patient problems. Stay current with the latest molecular and technical advances as well as new treatment options implemented over the last few years. Use the latest technologies and devices to accurately diagnose and manage heart rhythm disorders. Consult new and expanded coverage of regenerative therapies, echo-guided procedures, cardiac pacing, and CRT, as well as a new section on pediatric electrophysiology and imaging. Enjoy improved visual guidance with many new full-color images. Log on to www.expertconsult.com to easily search the complete contents online and access a downloadable image library.
In late 1999 the IMF established the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) to integrate the objectives of poverty reduction and growth more fully into its operations for the poorest countries, and to base these operations on national poverty reduction strategies prepared by the country with broad participation of key stakeholders. A review of the program would be conducted two years later. This paper synthesizes two papers prepared by IMF staff: Review of the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility: Issues and Options, and Review of the Key Features of the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility: Staff Analyses. The paper draws on a broad range of internal and external views gathered between July 2001 and February 2002, including discussions at regional forums, meetings with donor government officials and representatives of civil society organizations, and comments of key officials in member countries with PRGF arrangements.
Entropy, mutual information and divergence measure the randomness, dependence and dissimilarity, respectively, of random objects. In addition to their prominent role in information theory, they have found numerous applications, among others, in probability theory statistics, physics, chemistry, molecular biology, ecology, bioinformatics, neuroscience, machine learning, linguistics, and finance. Many of these applications require a universal estimate of information measures which does not assume knowledge of the statistical properties of the observed data. Over the past few decades, several nonparametric algorithms have been proposed to estimate information measures. Universal Estimation of Information Measures for Analog Sources presents a comprehensive survey of universal estimation of information measures for memoryless analog (real-valued or real vector-valued) sources with an emphasis on the estimation of mutual information and divergence and their applications. The book reviews the consistency of the universal algorithms and the corresponding sufficient conditions as well as their speed of convergence. Universal Estimation of Information Measures for Analog Sources provides a comprehensive review of an increasingly important topic in Information Theory. It will be of interest to students, practitioners and researchers working in Information Theory
This book presents an overview of the democracy movement and the history of education in Nepal. It shows how schools became the battleground for the state and the Maoists as well as captures emerging trends in the field, challenges for the state and negotiations with political commitments. It looks at the factors that contributed to the conflict, and studies the politics of the region alongside gender and identity dynamics. One of the first studies on the subject, the book highlights how conflict and education are intrinsically linked in Nepal. It illustrates how schools became the centre of attention between warring groups and how they were used for political meetings and recruitment of fighters during the political transitions in a contested terrain in South Asia. It brings to the fore incidents of abduction and killing of teachers and students, and the use of children as porters for arms and ammunitions. Drawing extensively on both primary and secondary sources and qualitative analyses, the book provides the key to a complex web of relationships among the stakeholders during conflict and also models of education in post-conflict situations. This book will interest scholars and researchers in education, politics, peace and conflict studies, sociology, development studies, social work, strategic and security studies, contemporary history, international relations, and Nepal and South Asian studies.
2D Materials for Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Sensors offers comprehensive coverage of recent design and development (including processing and fabrication) of 2D materials in the context of plasmonic-based devices. It provides a thorough overview of the basic principles and techniques used in the analysis and design of 2D material-based optical sensor systems. Beginning with the basic concepts of plasmon/plasmonic sensors and mathematical modelling, the authors explain the fundamental properties of 2D materials, including Black Phosphorus (BP), Phosphorene, Graphene, Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), MXene's and SW-CNT. It also details the applications of these emerging materials in clinical diagnosis and their future trends. This text will be useful for practising engineers, undergraduate and postgraduate students. Key Features Presents the fundamental concepts of 2D material assisted fibre optic and prism based SPR sensor in a student-friendly manner. Includes the recent synthesis and characterization techniques of 2D materials. Provides computational results of recently discovered electronic and optical properties of the 2D materials along with their effectiveness in the field of plasmonic sensors. Presents emerging applications of novel 2D material-based plasmonic sensors in the field of chemical, bio-chemical and biosensing.
This book is an assesment of the glorious past of Punjab sculptue to view it in the proper perspective through Indian cultural point of view. Condition good.
Sleep in Childhood Neurological Disorders addresses the myriad sleep-wake issues associated with neurological disturbances from the newborn period through adolescence. The editors and contributing authors are internationally recognized authorities who cover everything from sleep and ADHD, headaches, restless leg syndrome, parasomnias, hypersomnias, autism, brain tumors, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and other primary disorders to sleep co-morbidities, assessment, testing, interventions, pharmacology and more. The first book devoted to the growing field of pediatric neurosomnology, Sleep in Childhood Neurological Disorders is an invaluable text for clinicians looking for current information and practical guidance to successfully manage their pediatric sleep patients. Sleep in Childhood Neurological Disorders features Dedicated focus on neurologically-based sleep disorders in children Diagnostic tables, key points, clinical pearls, and treatment algorithms throughout to enhance clinical utility Directions for "Future Research" in each chapter highlight promising studies and new therapies Broad-based coverage of the full range of common sleep disorders and co-morbidities
Given that the nine provinces of British India as well as the 562 princely states that existed in August 1947 are not reflected on the map of India in the seventy-fifth year of its independence speaks volumes about the nation's ability to negotiate its political and administrative boundaries with its citizens. While the process of reimagining India through its constituent units - the states - has, on occasion, been due to administrative requirements, most restructuring in the internal boundaries is marked by the aspirations, assertions and adjustments of linguistic and/or ethnic groups seeking their place in the state and federal polity. For Dr Sanjeev Chopra, what started as research into land measurement instruments for revenue records and land settlements eventually became a narrative on mapping state boundaries and a record of the contemporary political history of India through its geography. The book includes captivating material from the reports of the States Reorganization Commission and Linguistic Reorganization Commission, records from state papers as well the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. A fascinating read about the multiple boundary adjustments for every state and union territory in India - from 1947 to the seventy-fifth year of independence - We, the People of the States of Bharat is the quintessential story of how India continues to redefine itself.
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