At a time when political labels are hurled carelessly in the public square, Sanford Lakoff provides a careful and highly accessible introduction to ten political ideas that have shaped modern thinking. Each chapter traces the history and examines the meaning of one of these ideas, clarifying its meaning and impact by examining its history and interpretation. By explaining what these ideas have come to mean, both those we may endorse and those we may deplore, Lakoff challenges readers' preconceptions and promotes critical thinking about the big questions of politics. The result will appeal to all readers interested in the history of political ideas.
Written with remarkable erudition and clarity, this is the most comprehensive introduction to democracy available in a single volume. Tocquevillian in its scope and historical-philosophical in its orientation, Democracy traces popular government from its classical origins through the authoritarian and totalitarian backlash of the twentieth century. Unified by the theme of democracy as the expression of the belief in autonomy - communal, plural, and individual - the text examines democratic government and politics in normative, institutional, and procedural terms. Students of the history of political thought will find especially valuable its account of the democratic ideal, from Athenian direct democracy and Roman republicanism to the rise of liberal democracy: Stressing the interplay of theory and practice, Lakoff moves from history to the present by examining modern democracy as "compound autonomy", expressed in voting and electoral systems, federalism, and efforts of democratization around the world. His synthesis leads to the conclusion that although democracy is neither perfect nor inevitable, it is humanity's best hope for free, stable, and peaceful government.
This book reviews the historical development of democracy and the backlash against it, the theoretical character of modern democracy, the practical problems of establishing and maintaining democracy, and the meaning of democracy and its prospects.
Technology, Politics, and the Strategic Defense Initiative : How the Reagan Administration Set Out to Make Nuclear Weapons impotent and Obsolete and Succumbed to the Fallacy of the Last Move
Technology, Politics, and the Strategic Defense Initiative : How the Reagan Administration Set Out to Make Nuclear Weapons impotent and Obsolete and Succumbed to the Fallacy of the Last Move
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1989.
When Ronald Reagan introduced the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) in 1983, he boldly challenged the long-accepted nuclear doctrine of mutual assured destruction. He argued that the development of this costly and complex missile defense system, popularly known as Star Wars, was the only viable and real alternative to the ongoing proliferation of nuclear weapons. While Reagan's vision unwittingly accelerated the end of the Cold War, SDI soon became a program shrouded in controversy. Costs soared and researchers struggled to develop the essential and successful technologies, although the threat of an atomic exchange with the former Soviet Union no longer loomed on the horizon. Despite those factors, SDI has survived. It remains in the active stages of development more than two decades after it was introduced, even as American policy makers struggle to counter the emerging threat posed by rogue states engaged in the active pursuit and development of atomic weapons. Devoid of any political agenda, "Strategic Defense in the Nuclear Age" presents a concise overview of the history of SDI, chronicling its successes and failures through the ongoing evolution of the program. It is the most up-to-date account on the market today. Sanford Lakoff is an established expert on the development of SDI. In this work, he chronicles the history of the program from its initial introduction during the Reagan years, through the ongoing struggles associated with research and development that plague the program to this day. Each chapter provides analysis of the strategic, scientific, and diplomatic challenges policy makers and scientists struggle to overcome, at the same time exploring the changing strategic needs and specific purposes for the program. Offering a glossary that provides an explanation of key scientific terms and an appendix by noted physicist Richard L. Garwin, this book will appeal to scholars and students, as well as to the general public.
This investigation sheds new light on the confrontational stance the religious right has taken toward contemporary America by examining the nature and origins of its highly charged ideas. It traces its belief system, commonly called the "Christian Worldview," to four Christian thinkers (Abraham Kuyper, Cornelius Van Til, Rousas John Rushdoony, and Francis Schaeffer) known for their anti-modernist, authoritarian, and in some cases, openly theocratic ideas. Although virtually unknown to most Americans, these men have been treated like patron saints by the religious right. Their ideas, seriously discussed within the movement and codified in Christian Worldview documents during the 1980s, have been widely disseminated to followers through textbooks and seminars, evolving over time into standard talking points. The book then examines how the ideology buttresses the movement's controversial, right-wing agenda. It explores how the Christian Worldview advances a concept of "total truth" that is unique to biblical Christians and enables them to redefine freedom, law, government, and even history and science, in their own infallible terms. A vision for the future and plan of action are formed on the basis of these certainties. The book concludes by discussing the danger the ideology poses to pluralist society and offers intelligent ways of confronting it.
The Rowman & Littlefield Guide for Peer Tutors introduces college students to the field of peer tutoring, providing a theoretical background and practical guidance for peer tutors in higher education. Taking an innovative approach firmly grounded in the science of learning and cognition, the text guides college students in thinking critically about their work as educators and in making informed choices in working with learners. A vibrant, engaging read, the text covers topics essential for all peer tutors, across writing, mathematics, the sciences, languages, and other disciplines: the brain-based reality of learning, active and collaborative pedagogies, the role of learning centers in colleges and universities, models for tutoring, the transition to college, metacognition, study strategies, online environments, and much more. An ideal supporting text for both tutor training programs and courses for peer educators, this book provides support for learning and writing center administrators in welcoming college students to the field of peer-led learning and for tutors in the work of acting as guides and mentors to the fields of inquiry that exist within the academy.
Narratives enable readers to vividly experience fictional and non-fictional contexts. Writers use a variety of language features to control these experiences: they direct readers in how to construct contexts, how to draw inferences and how to identify the key parts of a story. Writers can skilfully convey physical sensations, prompt emotional states, effect moral responses and even alter the readers' attitudes. Mind, Brain and Narrative examines the psychological and neuroscientific evidence for the mechanisms which underlie narrative comprehension. The authors explore the scientific developments which demonstrate the importance of attention, counterfactuals, depth of processing, perspective and embodiment in these processes. In so doing, this timely, interdisciplinary work provides an integrated account of the research which links psychological mechanisms of language comprehension to humanities work on narrative and style.
Every discipline has its canon: the set of standard texts, approaches, examples, and stories by which it is recognized and which its members repeatedly invoke and employ. Although the last twenty-five years have seen the influence of interdisciplinary approaches to legal studies expand, there has been little recent consideration of what is and what ought to be canonical in the study of law today. Legal Canons brings together fifteen essays which seek to map out the legal canon and the way in which law is taught today. In order to understand how the twin ideas of canons and canonicity operate in law, each essay focuses on a particular aspect, from contracts and constitutional law to questions of race and gender. The ascendance of law and economics, feminism, critical race theory, and gay legal studies, as well as the increasing influence of both rational-actor methodology and postmodernism, are all scrutinized by the leading scholars in the field. A timely and comprehensive volume, Legal Canons articulates the need for, and means to, opening the debate on canonicity in legal studies. Table of Contents
This bibliography, first published in 1990, is a result of a quarter-century professional and personal relationship between two academics interested in Middle East studies. The comprehensive bibliography consists of western, primarily English, language sources published through 1988 and early 1989 concerning foreign policy toward the Middle East and North Africa during the twentieth century. Included are materials that deal directly with the topic, material that has appeared in published form, ie books, monographs, essays and articles. Also included are some non-published items, most importantly American and British doctoral dissertations and master’s theses.
How does the mind work? How do human beings perceive and analyze the various aspects of the world around them? Are occasional misinterpretations inevitable, given the way the brain functions? In this book, a distinguished psychologist describes the most important and up-to-date explanations of our mental processes. Designed specifically for a general audience, the book is written in an accessible and lively style and draws on a wide range of familiar situations to illustrate the concepts it presents. Anthony J. Sanford discusses such intriguing topics as memory, reasoning, learning, and problem solving. In each case, he describes the relevant theories and experiments of cognitive science and psychology and shows how they have increased our knowledge. Sanford explains, for example, that language, thinking, intuition, and judgment depend heavily on mental models (existing memory structures that can be used as analogies to understand a new situation). He considers mental models from two points of view: the first seeks to evaluate the processes underlying some of the variety of human understanding; the second examines limitations and errors in thought and imagination that occur as a natural by-product of normal human understanding. Original, comprehensive, and fascinating, this book will be of interest to students, faculty, and lay people alike. "This book is an excellent introduction to the structure of knowledge. It is very readable, clear, and illuminating without being highly technical." -R.L. Gregory, University of Bristol
Max Lerner: Pilgrim in the Promise Land" is a fair, honest, and vivid portrait of one of the notable American public intellectuals of the century. Sanford Lakoff's perceptive biography illuminates both Lerner's complex life and his turbulent times".--Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. 17 halftones.
Collaborating with community members adds a critical dimension to social work research, providing practitioners with intimate knowledge of a community's goals and needs while equipping community advocates with vital skills for social change. Sharing the inspiring story of one such partnership, Corey Shdaimah, Roland Stahl, and Sanford F. Schram recount their efforts working with an affordable housing coalition in Philadelphia, helping activists research low-income home ownership and repair. Their collaboration helped create the Philadelphia Housing Trust Fund, which funnels millions of dollars to people in need. This volume describes the origins of their partnership and its growth, including developing tensions and their diffusion in ways that contributed to the research. The authors personalize methods of research and the possibilities for advocacy, ultimately connecting their encounters to more general, critical themes. Building on the field's commitment to social justice, they effectively demonstrate the potential of change research to facilitate widespread, long-term difference and improve community outcomes.
Every day, in many situations, we use expressions which seem to provide us with only vague information. The weather forecaster tells us that "some showers are likely in Northern regions during the night", a statement which is vague with respect to number of showers, location, and time. Yet such messages are informative, and often it is not possible for the producer of the message to be more precise. A tutor tells his students that "only a few students fail their exams outright". This does not give a precise incidence. Yet it might be equally misleading to do so. For example, to say that twelve percent failed outright last year says nothing about other years, while to say an average of eight percent over the last five years says nothing about variability. We argue that a precise, numerical statement can be sometimes more misleading in reality than a vague statement. Many researchers in psychology have attempted to capture the meaning of quantities by relating them to scales of quantity. Originally published in 1993, the book explores this idea in detail and shows with original studies how these expressions also serve to control attention and to convey information about the expectations held by those involved in the communication. The book works towards a psychological theory of the meaning of quantifiers and similarly vague terms. New links are drawn between formal theories of quantification and psychological experimentation.
The costs of industrial agriculture are astonishing in terms of damage to the environment, human health, animal suffering, and social equity, and the situation demands that we expand our ecological imagination to meet this crisis. In response to growing dissatisfaction with the existing food system, farmers and consumers are creating alternate models of production and consumption that are both sustainable and equitable. In Growing Stories from India: Religion and the Fate of Agriculture, author A. Whitney Sanford uses the story of the deity Balaram and the Yamuna River as a foundation for discussing the global food crisis and illustrating the Hindu origins of agrarian thought. By employing narrative as a means of assessing modern agriculture, Sanford encourages us to reconsider our relationship with the earth. Merely creating new stories is not enough -- she asserts that each story must lead to changed practices. Growing Stories from India demonstrates that conventional agribusiness is only one of many options and engages the work of modern agrarian luminaries to explore how alternative agricultural methods can be implemented.
This volume lays out the underlying logic of contemporary poverty governance in the United States. The authors argue that poverty governance has been transformed in the United States by two significant developments.
Politics. It’s a word that carries a great deal of weight, and there have been many words spoken about it ever since human beings decided it might be a good idea to come down from the trees and form some kind of government. The Little Black Book of Political Wisdom is an engaging collection of the wisest, funniest, and most insightful words ever said about the world of politics. Gathered here are hundreds of quotations from statesmen and stateswomen, philosophers, foreign leaders, journalists, and other politically astute observers from ancient times to present day. Here are some examples: “Politics, as a practice, whatever its professions, has always been the systematic organization of hatreds.” —Henry Adams “I have learned that one of the most important rules of politics is poise—which means looking like an owl after behaving like a jackass.” —Ronald Reagan “Politics are almost as exciting as war, and quite as dangerous. In war you can be killed once, but in politics many times.” —Sir Winston Churchill “We hang the petty thieves and appoint the great ones to public office.” —Aesop “Giving money and power to government is like giving whiskey and car keys to teenage boys.” —P. J. O’Rourke
Singing Krishna introduces Paramānand, one of north India's greatest medieval poet-saints, whose poetry has been sung from the sixteenth century to the present in ritual service to the Hindu deity Krishna. A. Whitney Sanford examines how hearing Paramānand's poetry in ritual context serves as a threshold for devotees between this world and Krishna's divine world. To "see Krishna" is a primary goal of the devotee, and Paramānand deftly constructs a vision through words. Sanford employs the dual strategies of interpreting Paramānand's poems—which sing the cycles of Krishna's activities—and illustrating the importance of their ritual contexts. This approach offers insight into the nature of the devotional experience that is not accessible by simply studying the poetry or rituals in isolation. Sanford shows that the significance of Paramānand's poetry lies not only in its beauty and historical importance but finally in its capacity to permit the devotee to see through the ephemeral world into Krishna's world.
The essays in this volume, written by a mix of well-established and younger philosophers, bridge divides between historical and systematic approaches in philosophy as well divides between analytical, continental, and American traditions.
Max Lerner: Pilgrim in the Promise Land" is a fair, honest, and vivid portrait of one of the notable American public intellectuals of the century. Sanford Lakoff's perceptive biography illuminates both Lerner's complex life and his turbulent times".--Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. 17 halftones.
Technology, Politics, and the Strategic Defense Initiative : How the Reagan Administration Set Out to Make Nuclear Weapons impotent and Obsolete and Succumbed to the Fallacy of the Last Move
Technology, Politics, and the Strategic Defense Initiative : How the Reagan Administration Set Out to Make Nuclear Weapons impotent and Obsolete and Succumbed to the Fallacy of the Last Move
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1989.
Presents an account of the speech act of assertion and defends the view that it is answerable to a constitutive norm and is suited to explaining assertions connections to other philosophical topics.
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