Available online: https://pub.norden.org/nord2023-021/ To reduce global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) effectively and justly, consumption patterns that maintain the high global emission levels need to be addressed. A comparative study of municipalities in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden shows that many municipalities wish to explore actions leading towards a low-carbon economy. Inventories of consumption-based emissions support such actions, and municipalities should be supported with data and encouraged to exchange experiences to develop and use such inventories