Saghir Iqbal's Books

Miscalculation: Risks of Inadvertent Nuclear War

By: Saghir Iqbal

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Miscalculation: Risks of Inadvertent Nuclear War

By: Saghir Iqbal

An impending nuclear holocaust is likely to happen, if the world community does not take action. A conflict that has been simmering for many years is beginning to spiral out of control. Two nuclear powers have an unresolved dispute that has increased tensions in the region. Both countries are purchasing and developing sophisticated state-of-the-art weapons that could unleash great terror and destruction on the populations of both countries – with also serious global ramifications. The world’s most dangerous flashpoint, has the highest chance of a nuclear war occurring – it is deemed by many to be more serious that the Cuban Missile Crisis and North Korea’s nuclear sabre rattling. The dispute needs to be amicably resolved between both nations and confidence building measures need to be implemented.

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154

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Saghir Iqbal

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ISBN 10

1717040403

ISBN 13

9781717040404

Pakistan's War Machine: An Encyclopedia of its Weapons, Strategy and Military Security

By: Saghir Iqbal

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Pakistan's War Machine: An Encyclopedia of its Weapons, Strategy and Military Security

By: Saghir Iqbal

The global security challenges after the post-Cold war period has affected many countries. Pakistan’s geography and location present its security planners with serious, almost irresolvable strategic and tactical problems. It borders the nuclear states of India and China, an ambitious Iran, and an unstable Afghanistan, which is perceived as a gateway to its commercial-strategic ambitions in Central Asia. Pakistan’s key security problems are a reflection of its history and domestic circumstances. The overriding concern of Pakistan is its internal and external security. Strategically, Pakistan lacks territorial depth. Its main cities and communication routes are relatively close to the border with India and are susceptible to attack. In addition, the headwaters of Pakistan’s rivers and main irrigation systems originate from India. Pakistan’s borders with India were also new and mainly unfortified and, in many places, were drawn in ways that made them indefensible. Because the borders were also un-demarcated, there was abundant chance for conflict. Pakistan has particularly been affected with a number of issues. It has been argued by many that a Fourth generation/Hybrid war has been imposed on Pakistan, in order to break the nation (Balkanization of Pakistan into different parts) with the aim of making it either extremely weak or total destruction as a nation state (so that it is not able to challenge the hegemonistic ambitions of its adversaries).The purpose of this book is to assess the military security problems that Pakistan faces, and focus on its external security matters (military threats from neighbouring countries such as India, balance of power in the region, nuclear and ballistic missile threats, relationship with external powers, the high risk of war and its role on the ‘War on Terror’), and its internal security problems (sectarianism, proliferation of small arms, refugees, ethnic violence, drug problem, economic weaknesses), and also its ability to cope with these problems.

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366

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Saghir Iqbal

Published Date

ISBN 10

1986169421

ISBN 13

9781986169424

Dangerous Flashpoints in East Asia: The Military Build-up

By: Saghir Iqbal

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Dangerous Flashpoints in East Asia: The Military Build-up

By: Saghir Iqbal

Major changes in East Asia have placed the region near the top of the World’s strategic agenda. East Asia has until recently experienced the fastest regional economic growth rate in the world for many years. Economic co-operation has been flourishing and economic interests have become the major reason in reshaping East Asian international relations. However, there have also been changes in the security environment, due to many factors, such as the reduction of US forces in East Asia, the disintegration of the Soviet Union (the decline of the Soviet Union’s presence in the region had led to renewed attention to traditional and potential rivalries among the major East Asian powers), and the concern of China’s hegemonistic ambitions.

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105

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Saghir Iqbal

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ISBN 10

1974062309

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9781974062300

Making a Killing: The Scourge of the Global Arms Trade

By: Saghir Iqbal

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Making a Killing: The Scourge of the Global Arms Trade

By: Saghir Iqbal

Each year billions of dollars’ worth of arms are procured between various nations, despite the fact that many millions of people live in desperate poverty, many will die from hunger and hunger related diseases. Weapons of increasing firepower and the missiles to deliver them accurately are becoming acquired, mainly through the Global Arms Trade. This means that we must expect wars in the world to become increasingly violent and destructive. This book focuses on what the arms trade is and its impact on the world, the wars which have resulted or were sustained by this trade. It is necessary to know which countries sell arms and which ones buy. Also it is important to have some idea of how large the trade is. The international trade in arms has considerably increased since World War 2. Major weapons (aircraft, missiles, tanks and ships) probably account for about one-half of the total trade in weapons and equipment. Many countries and their respective Military-Industrial Complex are ‘making a killing’ in the world’s largest trade in the buying and selling of military technology (weapons).

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Saghir Iqbal

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ISBN 10

1721773150

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9781721773152

JF-17 Thunder: The Making of a Modern Cost-effective Multi-role Combat Aircraft

By: Saghir Iqbal

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JF-17 Thunder: The Making of a Modern Cost-effective Multi-role Combat Aircraft

By: Saghir Iqbal

The astronomical rising costs of modern combat has resulted in many countries being deprived of purchasing a modern combat aircraft and this has had an adverse effect on their security. Many nations have tried to undertake cost-effective measures for their defence needs. Countries can either purchase very expensive modern aircraft or buy older aircraft that can be expensive to operate due to their high maintenance requirements. The Pakistan Air Force had initiated the plan to co-develop an affordable modern multi-role fighter aircraft with China. Chengdu Aircraft Corporation (CAC) in collaboration with Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC, Kamra) have jointly developed the JF-17 Thunder combat aircraft (also known as the FC-1 Xiaolong Fierce Dragon in China). JF-17 Thunder is a sophisticated light-weight multi-role, all weather, day/night fighter aircraft that is manufactured by Pakistan and China. The JF-17 Thunder has become a very cost-effective aircraft that costs very little compared to other modern aircraft. Many countries have shown an interest and a few have started to make orders. Some have described the JF-17 as the ‘Ultimate MiG-21’ arguing that the Chinese/Pakistani JF-17 builds on a classic warplane – although it has no resemblance and its level of sophistication is comparable to current advanced fighter aircraft on the market. This very modern and capable aircraft has the potential to become a potent platform that can serve with numerous air forces across the world.

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176

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Saghir Iqbal

Published Date

ISBN 10

1984055240

ISBN 13

9781984055248

Nuclear Apartheid: Bullying, Hypocrisy and the Double Standards on Nuclear Weapons

By: Saghir Iqbal

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Nuclear Apartheid: Bullying, Hypocrisy and the Double Standards on Nuclear Weapons

By: Saghir Iqbal

The global security challenges since World War II and thereafter (post-Cold war period) has affected many countries. This has resulted in a number of countries pursuing a nuclear weapons programme to provide them with the ultimate security – the belief that the fear of utter annihilation of their opponents would result in deterrence and eventually detente. According to Kristensen and Norris (2014), there are approximately 16,300 nuclear weapons located at some 97 sites in 14 countries. Many of these weapons are in military arsenals (roughly 10,000), with the remaining ones being in the process of retirement and awaiting dismantlement. Accordingly, 93% of the total global inventory resides in Russia and the United States of America. The remaining weapon stockpiles are in the United Kingdom (UK), France, China, India, Pakistan, North Korea and Israel. This book looks at the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), the double standards and hypocrisy practiced by the five declared nuclear powers. It gives a brief short history of nuclear development in the nuclear countries and the impact of nuclear war. It argues that the only way to eradicate these horrendous weapons is for the five declared nuclear powers to make immediate measures to dismantle the weapons and stockpiles of weaponised materials – as they had agreed under the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT).

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146

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Saghir Iqbal

Published Date

ISBN 10

1983910414

ISBN 13

9781983910418

Hybrid Warfare and its Impact on Pakistan's Security

By: Saghir Iqbal

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Hybrid Warfare and its Impact on Pakistan's Security

By: Saghir Iqbal

Pakistan faces a number of threats from internal and external forces – with the aim of weakening the country and an attempt to ‘balkanise’ Pakistan in to different parts. The Pakistani Chief of Army, General Qamar Javed Bajwa has said that “a hybrid war had been imposed on Pakistan to internally weaken it, but noted that the enemies were failing to divide the country on the basis of ethnicity and other identities”. Furthermore he states, “Our enemies know that they cannot beat us fair and square and have thus subjected us to a cruel, evil and protracted hybrid war. They are trying to weaken our resolve by weakening us from within”. Conflicts in Ukraine, Israel and Lebanon (Hizbullah), Syria, Libya, War on Terror in Afghanistan and its impact in Pakistan etc., have resulted in multi-layered efforts to destabilise a functioning state and polarize its society. The centre of gravity is to target population in hybrid warfare. The aim of the adversary is to influence influential policy makers and key decision makers by combining kinetic operations with subversive efforts. The aggressor often resorts to covert actions, to avoid attribution or retribution. At the moment there is no universally accepted definition of hybrid wars – the term is too abstract and is seen by some as using a fancy term to refer to irregular methods to counter conventionally stronger forces. Accordingly, many say that the new definitions of 4th generation or hybrid wars are really the repackaging of the traditional clash between the armed forces of nation states and the non-state insurgents. This book will be assessing Pakistan’s insecurity and the hybrid wars imposed onto it by its adversaries. It will look at a number of issues that Pakistan is facing (military imbalance, economic and political weaknesses, internal and external security threats and the impact of hybrid warfare on Pakistan).

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131

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Saghir Iqbal

Published Date

ISBN 10

1721510095

ISBN 13

9781721510092

NATO: Does it Still Fulfil an Important Function?

By: Saghir Iqbal

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NATO: Does it Still Fulfil an Important Function?

By: Saghir Iqbal

When NATO was founded in 1949, it had a clearly defined role. The demise of the Cold War, the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the collapse of communism in the period from 1989 to 1991 called into question NATO’s future role and its continued existence. The primary role was called into question over its future relevance in the post-Cold War world. The reason for NATO was essentially a military alliance to deter Soviet and Warsaw Pact aggression – however, once the threat had finished its role had been challenged by many academics and governments. Many analysts felt that NATO was nothing more than an out of date alliance from the Cold War with no real future. Others would say, however, that an organisation such as NATO was still crucial in the modern world to ensure that countries do not act unilaterally, but co-operate with allies. In view of the situations, NATO has managed to address new issues and adapt its roles on different levels.

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Saghir Iqbal

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ISBN 10

1725092816

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9781725092815

Environmental Security: Is it a Useful Concept?

By: Saghir Iqbal

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Environmental Security: Is it a Useful Concept?

By: Saghir Iqbal

The concept of environmental security was introduced in an attempt to expand this conceptualization of security by suggesting that human-induced environmental degradation and demographic pressures are new emerging security problems at the national and international levels. The argument for an environmental security perspective arose from three key observations: environmental threats can have catastrophic outcomes, traditional security thinking does not prepare society to deal with these threats, and, unlike traditional security issues, environmental threats are not confined by national boundaries. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), states that, “Over the last 60 years, at least 40 percent of all internal conflicts have been linked to the exploitation of natural resources”. In addition, “More than two billion people have been affected by disasters and conflicts since 2000”. Common examples of these new threats are climate change and sea level rise, ozone depletion, deforestation, land degradation; over fishing, fresh water scarcity, and increased spread of infectious diseases.

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Saghir Iqbal

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1725532425

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9781725532427

Terrorism: Creating a Climate of Fear

By: Saghir Iqbal

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Terrorism: Creating a Climate of Fear

By: Saghir Iqbal

This book looks at the concept of ‘terrorism’ and its primary aim of creating a climate of fear. Any discussion of terrorism has to firstly define its terms: what do we mean by terrorism and how does it manifest itself in contemporary accounts and moreover, what is the difference between legitimate military action and one based on terror? The definitions of terrorism are complex and depend, to a very large extent, on who one is asking. A government defence adviser would, for instance, have a markedly different notion of what constitutes terrorism than a member of a paramilitary organisation and an ordinary member of the public might have a notion based somewhere on the interaction between these two depending on their socio-cultural background. This is primarily the main reason why the term has not been universally accepted by all scholars or academics. There are many reasons why political groups attempt to bring about radical change through terrorism. People are often frustrated with their position in society. They may in some way feel persecuted or oppressed because of their race, religion, or they feel exploited by a government. Any group that uses terrorist actions have very complex and powerful reasons to engage in those activities. The usual experience of violence by a stronger party has historically turned victims into terrorists. State terror very often breeds collective terror. Because ‘terrorism’ is a word that has been used so much and so loosely that it has lost a clear meaning. It can be argued that terrorists are not born, but created as issues of today develop into the conflicts of tomorrow.

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201

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Saghir Iqbal

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ISBN 10

1724714856

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9781724714855

Terrorism: Creating a Climate of Fear

By: Saghir Iqbal

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Terrorism: Creating a Climate of Fear

By: Saghir Iqbal

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201

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1724714856

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9781724714855

NATO: Does it Still Fulfil an Important Function?

By: Saghir Iqbal

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NATO: Does it Still Fulfil an Important Function?

By: Saghir Iqbal

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1725092816

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9781725092815

Pakistan's War Machine: An Encyclopedia of its Weapons, Strategy and Military Security

By: Saghir Iqbal

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Pakistan's War Machine: An Encyclopedia of its Weapons, Strategy and Military Security

By: Saghir Iqbal

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366

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1986169421

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9781986169424

Environmental Security: Is it a Useful Concept?

By: Saghir Iqbal

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Environmental Security: Is it a Useful Concept?

By: Saghir Iqbal

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1725532425

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9781725532427

Hybrid Warfare and its Impact on Pakistan's Security

By: Saghir Iqbal

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Hybrid Warfare and its Impact on Pakistan's Security

By: Saghir Iqbal

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131

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1721510095

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9781721510092

Nuclear Apartheid: Bullying, Hypocrisy and the Double Standards on Nuclear Weapons

By: Saghir Iqbal

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Nuclear Apartheid: Bullying, Hypocrisy and the Double Standards on Nuclear Weapons

By: Saghir Iqbal

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146

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1983910414

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9781983910418

Making a Killing: The Scourge of the Global Arms Trade

By: Saghir Iqbal

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Making a Killing: The Scourge of the Global Arms Trade

By: Saghir Iqbal

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1721773150

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9781721773152

Miscalculation: Risks of Inadvertent Nuclear War

By: Saghir Iqbal

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Miscalculation: Risks of Inadvertent Nuclear War

By: Saghir Iqbal

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154

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Saghir Iqbal

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1717040403

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9781717040404

JF-17 Thunder: The Making of a Modern Cost-effective Multi-role Combat Aircraft

By: Saghir Iqbal

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JF-17 Thunder: The Making of a Modern Cost-effective Multi-role Combat Aircraft

By: Saghir Iqbal

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176

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1984055240

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9781984055248

Dangerous Flashpoints in East Asia: The Military Build-up

By: Saghir Iqbal

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Dangerous Flashpoints in East Asia: The Military Build-up

By: Saghir Iqbal

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105

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Saghir Iqbal

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1974062309

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9781974062300

A Survivor's Story

By: Saghir Iqbal

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A Survivor's Story

By: Saghir Iqbal

Peter Hyde was probably one of the finest yachtsmen in the world and was participating in the Schooner Silver Surf championship contest out of Auckland, in New Zealand.Peter and his crew were going to take a short cut to Tahiti when suddenly something exploded in the sea, a half mile from where they were. The explosion was just the beginning.....

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104

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Independently Published

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ISBN 10

1791375162

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9781791375164

India and Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons Capability 2019

By: Saghir Iqbal

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India and Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons Capability 2019

By: Saghir Iqbal

India and Pakistan's relationship are marked by mutual distrust, divergence in foreign policy goals, and period tension. The current bitterness between Pakistan and India can be ascribed to a number of events. They include India's desire to play a dominant role in South Asia and its efforts to put down the nationalist struggle in Kashmir, the conventional and nuclear arms race, the Siachin glacier (another issue which focuses on the demarcation of an area of common frontier left unclear in the Simla Agreement of 1972); the construction of Wuller Barrage on river Jhelum in Kashmir, which involves access to water resources; a disagreement over the Sir Creek boundary- a frontier demarcation dating from partition with implications on maritime territory; and charges of interference in each other's internal affairs. The strains caused by these problems are the major constraints on any effort to improve their bilateral relations. Since both are now capable of manufacturing nuclear weapons and neither has signed the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), their disputes taken on added significance. Indian and Pakistani forces have engaged in sporadic battles over the control of the Siachen Glacier in Kashmir and a full scale limited mini-war in Kargil, and the Indo-Pakistani border remains heavily militarised, with frequent cross-border firing raising fears of a potential fourth war. Recent events make the situation even more precarious. Missile delivery systems are beginning to come on-line, further heightening relations. The development of a TRIAD system has resulted in both countries developing the means to attack each other with nuclear weapons from the Air, Land and Sea.

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126

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Independently Published

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ISBN 10

1793123152

ISBN 13

9781793123152

Fate

What Chance Did I Stand Against Kismet?

By: Saghir Iqbal

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Fate

What Chance Did I Stand Against Kismet?

By: Saghir Iqbal

Tony Wilkinson was a small time crook and a thief - and not very successful at that. He was called 'Fate' by anybody who knew him due to these reasons. Because, it seemed, fate had dealt a nasty blow to his occupation, and to him. Because every job he ever pulled, backfired on him and had proved to be costly for him.Things were going to change after he made a plan to improve his situation. However, his plan came up with unexpected hurdles. He then looked at his past and Fate asked the question to himself, "What chance did I stand against Kismet?

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ISBN 10

1790958296

ISBN 13

9781790958290

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