The author argues that a part of the history of nation building in Iraq through addressing its political characters, different communities, agreements and pan Arab ideology, including the Baath ideology and its attempts to seize power through nondemocratic methods. It is an attempt to approach the essence of the exclusion mentality of the ruling elite in order to understand the process of genocide against the Kurdish people, including all existing religious minorities. This essence of the process has been approached in the framework of the civilizing and de-civilizing process as a main theory of the German sociologist, Norbert Elias. Thus, this book may be considered as one of the comprehensive books to present a study of state-building in Iraq, along with identifying some of the political figures that had an essential impact on the construction. On the other hand, it is a comprehensive study of the genocide, in the sense of searching for the causes and roots of the genocide. The Anfal campaigns took place in 1988, but the process started as far back as the end of the sixties and the beginning of the seventies of the last century.
When war broke out in Europe in August of 1914, the British rulers of Egypt commandeered everything the country produced to feed and clothe its troops, reducing the Egyptian working class to abject poverty, while the privileged classes took the war as an opportunity to make more profits than ever before. Food crops were replaced by cotton and fortunes were made by the wealthy. However, no food was grown and the common people were subjected to starvation. By the end of the war in 1918 more people died in Egypt than were born. It was against this backdrop of human suffering that the author wrote this book. This edition Includes English translation with facing Arabic text. For more information, please visit: http://thedestitute.com/ The author Mustafa Sadiq al-Rafi’i was born in January of 1880 in Egypt to parents of Syrian descent. His father, Abd al-Razzaq al-Rafi’i was a learned man and maintained a sizeable personal library that would play an important part in the development of the author as a poet, critic, and respected literary figure in early twentieth century Egypt. His family was devoted to scholarship in the classical Islamic sciences, he was blessed with several generations of gifted offspring. Among all of these, however, Mustafa Sadiq would alone rise to prominence in the literary world. The translator Yusuf Talal DeLorenzo is best known as a scholar of Islamic transactional law and an advisor on Shariah compliance issues to global financial institutions. He is also an experienced translator and has published several works from Arabic, Farsi and Urdu into English. Thus, in addition to his three volume, Compendium of Legal Opinions on the Operations of Islamic Banks, in English and Arabic, he has translated many classics. Dr. DeLorenzos edition and translation of Kitab al-Masakin (The Destitute) by Mustafa Sadiq al-Rafi’i brings us, for the first time, a careful edition of this almost forgotten work of early 20th century Arabic literature, along with an outstanding translation into English on facing pages. DeLorenzos translation captures the essence of the meaning of the original text while giving the reader a flavor of al-Rafi’is literary style. John A. Eilts, Curator, Islamic & Middle Eastern Collection
Marmaduke Pickthall was a prolific British novelist, essayist, journalist, and short story writer who was positively received by his contemporaries for his fictional oeuvre, but is hardly known in the current literary world. Despite his obvious talents, Pickthall was unfortunately ignored when the English literary canon was formed in the mid-twentieth century. Today, he is only remembered for his conversion to Islam, his Turkish sympathies, and his translation of the Holy Quran to English in 1930. Ebtisam A. Sadiq, Naela H. Danish, and Afra S. Al-Shiban rely on extensive research of nineteenth-century British literature with the hope of reintroducing Pickthall to the literary world. In comprehensive analysis that includes the forgotten authors Eastern novels, Western tales, and collections of short stories, the researchers utilize contemporary theories of criticismparticularly postcolonialism, modern realist traditions, and feminismto scrutinize and highlight the nature of his contribution to English literature. Included are examinations of Pickthalls affiliation or withdrawal from literary traditions like Victorianism and Modernism and what exactly determines his canonical status. Marmaduke Pickthall Reinstated shares research and examinations of a forgotten authors literary works with the intent that they finally find a long overdue place in mainstream English literature.
The metrical translation of the Psalms into the Punjabi language, set to indigenous music in the late nineteenth century in India, plays a vital role in the personal and communal worship of the global Punjabi Christian community. This book is a pioneer work that comprehensively encompasses the cultural, socio-historical, missional, and sociolinguistic aspects of the Punjabi Psalter. It investigates the unique and fascinating story of the contextualizing of Psalms in an exclusive South Asian Punjabi context and engages in an in-depth study on the life and work of Rev. Dr. Imam-ud-Din Shahbaz. This work determines to bring a deeper appreciation for the Punjabi Psalter by encouraging the Punjabi Christians to not only pass the Psalms on to the next generations but also to grow in loving and valuing their mother-tongue, the Punjabi language. The thrust of this book is to esteem the shared heritage of the global Punjabi Christian community--the Psalms in Punjabi, commonly known as the Punjabi Zabur.
Through combining a knowledge of translation theory and application, the present book aims at holding a semantic comparison of four English translations attempted by Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall, ‘Abdullâh Yûsuf ‘Alî, Arthur J. Arberry and Muhammad Mahmûd Ghâlî of Sûrat Ad-Dukhân (the Chapter of Smoke). As a theoretical framework, the book deals with several linguistic and cultural problems of translation, with special reference to Qur'ân translation, and the principles that should be considered on translating the Qur'ân. The core of the book is a comparison of sixty-eight lexical, syntactic and stylistic selections from Sûrat Ad-Dukhân. The comparison depends on various Qur’ân interpretations and Arabic dictionaries to decide the precise meaning(s) of the selections. Then, a translation is suggested, and the four translations are judged: the correct ones are acknowledged and the mistaken shown, along with the reasons underlying the mistake(s). To reach the precise meaning in English and judge the translations compared accurately, many English dictionaries are utilized. The comparison shows that the best translation in terms of meaning precision and easiness of expression is that of Ghâlî, followed by Pickthall's, Arberry’s and ‘Alî’s respectively.
Oxazole, Isoxazole, Benzoxazole Based Drug Discovery offers complete coverage of oxazole and related molecules, both from natural and synthetic origin, with a focus on the reaction mechanisms, and medicinal, pharmacokinetic and computational aspects. New and contemporary methods of synthesis are discussed, with a special focus on green, environment-friendly procedures. Discussion of stereochemical studies, particularly on natural molecules, are included. Computational chemistry has emerged as an integral tool for drug discovery, hence this book explains how the drug candidate is established as suitable for clinical trials with the help of molecular docking and virtual screening modeling. This book offers a broad range of recent developments and detailed coverage of synthesis and biological activities of the drugs, and is an ideal reference guide to researchers working in organic and medicinal chemistry. - Presents detailed coverage of chemical structures and practical synthetic methods of oxazoles, isoxazoles and benzoxazoles in drug discovery - Includes green, environmentally-friendly novel synthetic methods and mechanistic insights - Features biological and computational aspects of the oxazoles family of drugs, including virtual screening and molecular docking
In 1962 Rachel Carson warned of the consequences of man's pollution in her book Silent Spring, a book that some feel marks the real beginning of our environmental awareness. Silent Spring told of the consequences of our increasing pesticide use to birds. Almost 30 years after her warning, the western Arabian Gulf experienced its "silent spring" when approximately 100,000 to 250,000 waterbirds died, along with millions of other organisms, due to the massive oil spill that resulted due to Gulf war. The magnitude of our environmental problems has continued to grow during the last thirty years to a point where even the "doomsday" environmentalists could hardly have envisioned back in 1962. It seems the death of yet uncounted thousands of humans was not sufficient for Saddam Husain. His desire for power and infamy led him to unleash environmental war on mankind. At the end of the Gulf war he set ablaze the oil fields of Kuwait and released more oil into the sea than had been spilled at any time throughout history. These actions were despicable and an affront to civilized man. A quality environment should be a right of all mankind, and to wage war by deliberately polluting the earth cannot be tolerated.
As the scale, frequency, and intensity of crises faced by the world have dramatically increased over the last decade, there is a critical need for a careful stocktaking on the knowledge of managing disasters. Managing Emergencies and Crises: Global Perspectives clearly and comprehensively explores the most important concepts of emergency and crisis management (such as mitigation, protection, prevention, preparedness, response, recovery, vulnerability and risk assessment) and illustrates them with cases involving disasters and emergencies worldwide. Substantially revised, the Second Edition has been reorganized and includes two new and timely chapters on terrorism and emergency management and public health emergencies and crises. It also provides an emphasis on management and leadership and cross-sector governance from interdisciplinary and global perspectives
In this groundbreaking work, Kamal Sadiq reveals that most of the world's illegal immigrants are not migrating directly to the US, but to countries in the vast developing world, where they are able to obtain citizenship papers fairly easily. Sadiq introduces "documentary citizenship" to explain how paperwork--often falsely obtained--confers citizenship on illegal immigrants. Across the globe, there are literally tens of millions of such illegal immigrants who have assumed the guise of "citizens." Who, then, is really a citizen? And what does citizenship mean for most of the world's peoples? Rendered in vivid detail, Paper Citizens not only shows how illegal immigrants acquire false papers, but also sheds light on the consequences this will have for global security in the post 9/11 world.
Long portrayed as a masculine endeavor, the African American struggle for progress often found expression through an unlikely literary figure: the black girl. Nazera Sadiq Wright uses heavy archival research on a wide range of texts about African American girls to explore this understudied phenomenon. As Wright shows, the figure of the black girl in African American literature provided a powerful avenue for exploring issues like domesticity, femininity, and proper conduct. The characters' actions, however fictional, became a rubric for African American citizenship and racial progress. At the same time, their seeming dependence and insignificance allegorized the unjust treatment of African Americans. Wright reveals fascinating girls who, possessed of a premature knowing and wisdom beyond their years, projected a courage and resiliency that made them exemplary representations of the project of racial advance and citizenship.
Winner of the Sillerman First Book Prize for African Poets The poems in Leaked Footages carry urgent subjects, ranging from death to disappearance to grief to memory. Not only do the poems fulfill the tradition of witnessing often manifested in contemporary poets such as Garous Abdolmalekian and Ilya Kaminsky, but they extend that tradition by the medium through which they witness: the technical and the technological. Here, the camera, the closed-circuit TV, cinematographic techniques, and the cyborg are trusted for truth telling. Reality is represented in footage seen through the eyes of multifaceted speakers. In Abu Bakr Sadiq’s exploration of northern Nigeria in speculative poetry, the lyrical meets the chronicle. In this fusion of Afrofuturism with experimental poetic techniques, the reader witnesses a country ravaged by terrorism and the consequences of war, as well as the effects of these on those who survive. While the tone is grave with concern and conscience, the poems do not take the easy route of sentiment. Instead, attention is paid to structure—from the erasure poems that are informed by the theme of disappearance to the contrapuntal poems that are influenced by the testaments of leaving.
This Book Brings Into Focus The Immigration Of Africans Into The Deccan (Including Modern Maharashtra, Karnataka And Andhra Pradesh) A Phenomenon That Has Not Been Examined Before With Emphasis On Their Assimilation And Integration With The Various South Indian Communities As Also Their Contributions In The History Of The Deccan.
For many young black American males, the future seems bleak at worst, uncertain at best. The challenges seem frightfully beyond the reach of society's current institutions. Realizing the state of emergency firsthand, educator Sadiq Ali successfully established an African-American all-male school in Hartford, Connecticut. In Benjamin E. Mays Institute: Educating Young Black Males, Ali describes the creation and life of the school, its successes and struggles. Perhaps most importantly, Ali uses his knowledge and experience to address ways that others around the nation can use education to improve the future for today's young black men.
This Book Brings Into Focus The Immigration Of Africans Into The Deccan (Including Modern Maharashtra, Karnataka And Andhra Pradesh) A Phenomenon That Has Not Been Examined Before With Emphasis On Their Assimilation And Integration With The Various South Indian Communities As Also Their Contributions In The History Of The Deccan.
Continuing the empirical debate on the effects of IMF-supported programs on participating countries’ macroeconomic performance, we focus on the issue of whether these programs accelerate conditional ß-convergence among low-income countries (LICs). We use an unbalanced panel dataset for 85 LICs over the period 1986-2015 and employ two different econometric methods to address the selection bias problem. Our empirical results suggest that the rate of conditional income per capita convergence is faster among LICs with extended IMF support than that in countries without support or with intermittent support.
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has helped accelerate the digitization of public services. The lockdown initiated by most governments to curb the spread of the coronavirus forced most public agencies to switch to online platforms to continue providing information and services to the public. It is widely recognized that information diffusion and communication technology play a large role in improving the quality of public services in terms of time, cost, and interface with the public, business, and other agencies. Potentially, e-government could enhance a country’s locational advantages and attract more Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows. This hypothesis is tested empirically using an unbalanced panel data analysis for 178 host countries over the period 2003-2018. The results suggest that e-government stimulates the inflow of FDI.
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