Of the many medical specializations to transform themselves during the rise of National Socialism, anatomy has received relatively little attention from historians. While politics and racial laws drove many anatomists from the profession, most who remained joined the Nazi party, and some helped to develop the scientific basis for its racialist dogma. As historian and anatomist Sabine Hildebrandt reveals, however, their complicity with the Nazi state went beyond the merely ideological. They progressed through gradual stages of ethical transgression, turning increasingly to victims of the regime for body procurement, as the traditional model of working with bodies of the deceased gave way, in some cases, to a new paradigm of experimentation with the “future dead.”
Of the many medical specializations to transform themselves during the rise of National Socialism, anatomy has received relatively little attention from historians. While politics and racial laws drove many anatomists from the profession, most who remained joined the Nazi party, and some helped to develop the scientific basis for its racialist dogma. As historian and anatomist Sabine Hildebrandt reveals, however, their complicity with the Nazi state went beyond the merely ideological. They progressed through gradual stages of ethical transgression, turning increasingly to victims of the regime for body procurement, as the traditional model of working with bodies of the deceased gave way, in some cases, to a new paradigm of experimentation with the “future dead.”
This text explores the use of cellular automata in modeling pattern formation in biological systems. It describes several mathematical modeling approaches utilizing cellular automata that can be used to study the dynamics of interacting cell systems both in simulation and in practice. New in this edition are chapters covering cell migration, tissue development, and cancer dynamics, as well as updated references and new research topic suggestions that reflect the rapid development of the field. The book begins with an introduction to pattern-forming principles in biology and the various mathematical modeling techniques that can be used to analyze them. Cellular automaton models are then discussed in detail for different types of cellular processes and interactions, including random movement, cell migration, adhesive cell interaction, alignment and cellular swarming, growth processes, pigment cell pattern formation, tissue development, tumor growth and invasion, and Turing-type patterns and excitable media. In the final chapter, the authors critically discuss possibilities and limitations of the cellular automaton approach in modeling various biological applications, along with future research directions. Suggestions for research projects are provided throughout the book to encourage additional engagement with the material, and an accompanying simulator is available for readers to perform their own simulations on several of the models covered in the text. QR codes are included within the text for easy access to the simulator. With its accessible presentation and interdisciplinary approach, Cellular Automaton Modeling of Biological Pattern Formation is suitable for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in mathematical biology, biological modeling, and biological computing. It will also be a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in applied mathematics, mathematical biology, computational physics, bioengineering, and computer science. PRAISE FOR THE FIRST EDITION “An ideal guide for someone with a mathematical or physical background to start exploring biological modelling. Importantly, it will also serve as an excellent guide for experienced modellers to innovate and improve their methodologies for analysing simulation results.” —Mathematical Reviews
With the debate about Europe constantly in the headlines, this examination of the important and tricky post-war relationship between German and Britain compares their different roles, outlook and development. In the wake of a devastated continent, this relationship has been one of the central axes of the development of post-war Europe and crucial in terms of recent British history. Sabine Lee considers broad issues such as the comparative senses of national identity, destiny and direction, and the respective roles of Germany and Britain in Europe and in the world community at large. With Germany now reunited and at the head of the new Europe, and Britain in the process of devolution and struggling to retain the special relationship with the United States, this is an important and topical book.
In a career spanning over six decades, the New York art dealer Pierre Matisse (1900-1989) contributed substantially to the advancement of modern art. At his eponymous gallery on East Fifty-seventh Street, he showed several now legendary artists for the first time outside Europe. The collection--paintings, sculpture, and drawings by Balthus, Bonnard, Chagall, Derain, Dubuffet, Giacometti, Magritte, and the dealer's own father, Henri Matisse, among others--was donated to The Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2004 by the foundation established by his widow. These extraordinary artworks are presented with informative entries addressing the circumstances of each work's creation and the dealer's relationship to the artist. In the introduction, the story of Pierre Matisse's early struggles in New York is told for the first time and illustrated with previously unpublished archival photographs."--Provided by publisher.
German National Cinema is the first comprehensive history of German film from its origins to the present. In this new edition, Sabine Hake discusses film-making in economic, political, social, and cultural terms, and considers the contribution of Germany's most popular films to changing definitions of genre, authorship, and film form. The book traces the central role of cinema in the nation’s turbulent history from the Wilhelmine Empire to the Berlin Republic, with special attention paid to the competing demands of film as art, entertainment, and propaganda. Hake also explores the centrality of genre films and the star system to the development of a filmic imaginary. This fully revised and updated new edition will be required reading for everyone interested in German film and the history of modern Germany.
This introduction into comparative public administration provides an in-depth analysis of the state of public administration and recent administrative reforms in European countries. By focusing on the UK, France, Germany, Sweden, Italy and Hungary, it highlights key types of the Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian, Continental European and Central East European variance of public administration. Its guiding question is whether and why the politico-administrative systems have shown convergence or divergence.
The 1986 pre-election year in the Federal Republic of Germany was an interesting one. Starting with the communal elections in Schleswig-Holstein in March, the parties began to prepare themselves for the big upcoming event - the general election in January 1987. The governing Christian Democrats (CDU) suffered a severe vote loss in this March election as part of their most loyal supporters - the farmers - decided to abstain due to a general dissatisfaction with EEC regulations and agricultural government policies. In order to avoid further farmers' boycotts for the next 'Lander'-elections in Lower Saxony in June, Bavaria in October and Hamburg in November, the federal government sprang into action. A 500 million DM programme was passed in the beginning of June, which reduced the farmers' contributions to the agrarian social security system with retrospective effect to January 1986. As a result of the reactor accident in Tschernobyl another 500 million DM were promised to cover the losses of agricultural products because of radio activity. In order to appease the farmers even more, a special election gift of 100 million DM to subsidize fallow land was given to Lower Saxony's farmers one week before the election took place. At the same time the parliament increased veterans' benefits by 2,15% from July onwards, further increases being promised by January 1987. The predominant social policy issue, however, concerned old age pensions, more precisely, the question of adopting a so-called 'baby year' in pension law. The coalition government in Bonn decided to give all women born before 1921 a monthly payment of 25 DM for each child. The programme will start in October 1987 and will gradually include all female pensioners with children by 1990. Described by Chancellor Kohl as a new dimension in social policy, the programme will cost 3,3 billion DM per year by 1990.
J. W. Einax, H. W. Zwanziger S. Gei Chemometrics in Environmental Analysis Make the most of your data! This new title will serve both as an introduction and as a practical guide to those techniques of chemometrics which are applicable to environmental analysis. By describing the optimum methods of data analysis it will help all chemists in this field to save time and money. Because the authors demonstrate the most important chemometric methods with the aid of numerous examples, the reader will learn to solve a given problem by use of the appropriate method. Applications range from sampling, through laboratory analysis, to evaluation. Interpretation of the findings is explained clearly. The text covers not only basic methods such as univariate statistics, regression analysis, and statistical test planning, but also multivariate data analysis, for example, cluster analysis, principal components analysis, and factor and discriminant analysis. Case studies show the enormous possibilities, and the limits, of chemometric methods. The book will help all environmental analytical scientists, even those with only a basic knowledge of mathematics, to optimize the evaluation and interpretation of the results of their measurements.
At the turn of the twentieth century East European Jews underwent a radical cultural transformation, which turned a traditional religious community into a modern nation, struggling to find its place in the world. An important figure in this 'Jewish Renaissance' was the American-Yiddish writer and activist Joseph Opatoshu (1886-1954). Born into a Hassidic family, he spent his early childhood in a forest in Central Poland, was educated in Russia and studied engineering in France and America. In New York, where he emigrated in 1907, he joined the revitalizing modernist group Di yunge - The Young. His early novels painted a vivid picture of social turmoil and inner psychological conflict, using modernist devices of multiple voices and mixed linguistic idioms. He acquired international fame by his historical novels about the Polish uprising of 1863 and the expulsion of Jews from Regensburg in 1519. Though he was translated into several languages, Yiddish writing always fostered his ideas and ideals of Jewish identity. Although he occupied a key position in the transnational Jewish culture during his lifetime, Opatoshu has until recently been neglected by scholars. This volume brings together literary specialists and historians working in Jewish and Slavic Studies, who analyse Opatoshu's quest for modern Jewish identity from different perspectives. The contributors are Shlomo Berger (Amsterdam), Marc Caplan (Baltimore, MD), Gennady Estraikh (New York), Roland Gruschka (Heidelberg), Ellie Kellman (Boston), Sabine Koller (Regensburg), Mikhail Krutikov (Ann Arbor, MI), Joshua Lambert (Amherst, MA), Harriet Murav (Urbana-Champaign, IL), Avrom Novershtern (Jerusalem), Dan Opatoshu (Los Angeles), Eugenia Prokop-Janiec (Krakow), Jan Schwarz (Lund), Astrid Starck (Basel/Mulhouse), Karolina Szymaniak (Krakow) and Evita Wiecki (Munich).
This book provides a timely and unique contribution to current debates on how effectively voluntary party quotas address the persistent underrepresentation of women in legislatures. Using a most similar case design and a mixed-methods approach, the authors draw attention to the ways in which electoral systems and party regulations interface with voluntary party quotas in Germany and Austria. All quota parties in these countries support the goal of equal participation of women and men in elected office, and quotas are presented as a means to precisely that end. In order to assess parties’ commitment to their declared goals, and the effectiveness of quotas, the book introduces the concept of the post-quota gender gap and defines it as the difference between a party’s adopted quota and the actual share of women in legislative bodies at the national and regional level. Complementing the existing literature on recruitment and socio-cultural legacies, the authors argue that the problem of voluntary party quotas lies at the intersection of party quota design and electoral law. Either parties need to design quotas that actually work within a given electoral system, or we need legislative action geared toward advancing parity not just in candidate selection, but in the composition of legislatures. The book draws on gendered candidate and election data, on the party statutes of federal and state-level party organizations, and on interviews with party officials and party women’s organizations.
This book addresses the development and adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in and by companies and the consequent need for private sector AI regulation. Highlighting the challenges to responsible business conduct and considering stakeholder interests, it identifies ethical concerns and discusses AI standards and AI norms. Based on this needs-based analysis, the author chooses relational economics as a suitable approach to develop a theoretical AI governance model. In doing so, AI is conceptualized within relational economics in the form of an autopoietic system. Building on this theoretical contribution, the book specifies the governance adaptivity of the relational AI governance approach for an unregulated AI market and for the case of the pending E.U. AI regulation, and complements it with inductively conducted categories that summarize the main research streams in AI ethics.
Der Begriff der Choreographie erfährt zurzeit eine bemerkenswerte interdisziplinäre Ausweitung: Choreographie wird als qualitative Instanz für die Analyse verschiedenster kultureller, gesellschaftlicher und ästhetischer Praktiken und Lebensformen verwandt und erscheint im Licht einer Kulturtechnik. Dabei markiert Choreographie diejenige Instanz, die chaotische und unübersichtliche Bewegungsformen in den Fluss bringen, ordnen und regulieren kann. Choreographie erhält geradezu eine kulturstiftende Dimension, die sie als Kulturtechnik zu denken gibt. Welches Potenzial birgt ein Verständnis von Choreographie als Kulturtechnik? Welche kulturprägenden Optionen liegen in der Kunst des Choreographischen und was bedeutet dies für den Begriff der Choreographie, der eng mit den Potenzialen des Körpers korreliert? Vor diesem Hintergrund eröffnet der Band eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit den Funktionen, Potenzialen, Zuschreibungen und Versprechungen von Choreographie. Aus kulturtheoretischer und -soziologischer, tanz-, theater-, medien- und kunstwissenschaftlicher Perspektive werden ästhetische und kulturelle Tragweiten von Choreographie diskutiert und im Kontext von Szenographien, Erinnerungstechniken, Ausstellungskonzeptionen, Museums-Events, autobiographischen Entwürfen, Gesellschaftsformationen, Aufführungsästhetiken und digitalen Tools untersucht. Auf der Grundlage ihrer strukturellen Gefüge, die medial durch Notationen, scores und Handlungsanweisungen vermittelt sind, bringen Choreographien Formen und Gestalten hervor. Ihnen kommt dabei eine ästhetische und kulturelle Funktion der Ordnungsstiftung zu. Außerdem scheint ihre Kunst eine geradezu transformatorische Organisationskraft zu besitzen, die es versteht, mit energetischen Kräften zwischen Körpern, Räumen und Zeiten 'gliedernd' zu wirken. Choreographie erscheint mitunter sogar als eine kulturprägende Instanz, die mit einer Gabe der Selbstorganisation fern subjektzentrierter Einflussnahme ausgestattet ist. Mit Beiträgen von Jörn Ahrens, Lisa Beißwanger, Hartmut Böhme, Gerko Egert, Susanne Foellmer, Sabine Huschka, Bojana Kunst, Kirsten Maar, Sebastian Matthias, Katja Schneider, Gerald Siegmund, Christina Thurner und Birgit Wiens.
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