This book sets out to examine the medieval understanding of Aristotle's famous discussion of “weakness of the will” (akrasia, incontinentia) in the seventh book of his Nicomachean Ethics. The medieval views are outlined primarily on the basis of the commentaries on Aristotle's Ethics by Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas, Walter Burley, Gerald Odonis and John Buridan. An investigation of the earlier Augustinian discussion concerning reluctant actions (invitus facere) rounds out the study. The recent studies of weakness of the will have neglected the medieval philosophers. The present volume fills this gap in historical research and shows that especially the conceptual refinement of the fourteenth-century discussion makes contributions that are comparable to those of twentieth-century philosophers.
During the last twenty years, the theory of recognition has become an established field of philosophy and social studies. Variants of this theory often promise applications to the burning political issues of current society, such as the challenges of multiculturalism, group identity, and conflicts between ideologies and religions. The seminal works of this trend employ Hegelian ideas to tackle the problem of modernity. Although some recent studies also investigate the pre-Hegelian roots of recognition, this concept is normally considered to be a product of the secular modernity of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Recognition and Religion: A Historical and Systematic Study challenges this assumption and claims that important intellectual roots of the concept and conceptions of recognition are found in much earlier religious sources. Risto Saarinen outlines the first intellectual history of religious recognition, stretching from the New Testament to present day. He connects the history of religion with philosophical approaches, arguing that philosophers owe a considerable historical and conceptual debt to the religious processes of recognition. At the same time, religious recognition has a distinctive profile that differs from philosophy in some important respects. Saarinen undertakes a systematic elaboration of the insights provided by the tradition of religious recognition. He proposes that theology and philosophy can make creative use of the long history of religious recognition.
From Meteorite Impact to Constellation City is a historical geography of the City of Greater Sudbury. The story that began billions of years ago encompasses dramatic physical and human events. Among them are volcanic eruptions, two meteorite impacts, the ebb and flow of continental glaciers, Aboriginal occupancy, exploration and mapping by Europeans, exploitation by fur traders and Canadian lumbermen and American entrepreneurs, the rise of global mining giants, unionism, pollution and re-greening, and the creation of a unique constellation city of 160,000. The title posits the book’s two main themes, one physical in nature and the other human: the great meteorite impact of some 1.85 billion years ago and the development of Sudbury from its inception in 1883. Unlike other large centres in Canada that exhibit a metropolitan form of development with a core and surrounding suburbs, Sudbury developed in a pattern resembling a cluster of stars of differing sizes. Many of Sudbury’s most characteristic attributes are undergoing transformation. Its rocky terrain and the negative impact from mining companies are giving way to attractive neighbourhoods and the planting of millions of trees. Greater Sudbury’s blue-collar image as a union powerhouse in a one-industry town is also changing; recent advances in the fields of health, education, retailing, and the local and international mining supply and services sector have greatly diversified its employment base. This book shows how Sudbury evolved from a village to become the regional centre for northeastern Ontario and a global model for economic diversification and environmental rehabilitation.
Where else can that well-known phrase be better applied than to a study of the Finns in Sudbury? “Rock” defines the physical reality of the Sudbury setting: rugged hills, mines, farms and forests set in the Precambrian Shield. “Hard” defines the human setting: Finnish immigrants having to contend with the problems and stresses of relocating to a new culture, with livelihoods that required great endurance as well as a tolerance for hazardous conditions. Since 1883 Finnish immigrants in Sudbury, men and women alike, have striven to improve their lot through the options available to them. Despite great obstacles, the Finns never flagged in their unwavering fight for workers’ rights and the union movement. And as agricultural settlers, labour reformers, builders of churches, halls, saunas and athletic fields, Finns left an indelible imprint on the physical and human landscape. In the process they have played an integral part in the transformation of Sudbury from a small struggling rail town to its present role as regional capital of northwestern Ontario. This penetrating study of the cultural geography of the Finns in the Sudbury region provides an international, national and local framework for analysis — a model for future studies of other cultural groups.
This book addresses the concerns of existing companies who wish to succeed in the new multi-channel environment as it develops and becomes commonplace.
Dust jacket, back cover: In this book, Risto Saarinen studies Martin Luther's understanding of the gift and related issues such as favours and benefits, faith and justification, virtues and merits, ethics and doctrine, law and Christ. He shows that Luther both continues and criticizes the classical discusssions regarding the differences and parallels between gifts and sales.
The book discusses recycled discourses of language and nationalism in Finnish higher education, demonstrating the need to look beyond language in the study of language policies of higher education. It analyses the historical and political layeredness of language policies as well as the intertwined nature of national and international developments in understanding new nationalism. Finnish higher education language policies were fuelled by the dynamics and tensions between the national languages Finnish and Swedish until the 2000s, when English begins to catalyse post nationalist discourses of economy and competitiveness. In the 2010s, English begins to be seen as a threat to Finnish. Educational, economic and epistemic nationalism emerge as the main cycles of new nationalist language policies in Finnish higher education. The book will be of interest to language policy and higher education scholars and practitioners, as well as graduate students language policy and higher education.
Kirja on osa romani-trilogiaa. Tämä ensimmäinen osa (ilmestyi suomeksi 2012) käsittelee Itä-Euroopan romanien tuloa Suomeen ja tutkii EU:n vapaan liikkuvuuden direktiivin ja ihmisoikeuksien toteutumista romanien lähtö- ja tulomaissa. Romanipolitiikan vaikutuksia arvioidaan kansainvälisen ja kansallisen politiikan tasolla sekä suhteessa katutyötä tekevien romanien arkielämään ja maahanmuuton vaikuttimiin. Toinen osa (2020) keskittyy helsinkiläiseen solidaariseen aktivismiin; kolmas osa tulee antamaan äänen muuttajille itselleen. The book is part of the Roma Trilogy. This first volume (published in Finnish in 2012) considers the arrival of Eastern European Roma in Finland and examines the realisation of the EU’s free movement directive and human rights in countries of departure and arrival. The effects of Roma policies are evaluated on the level of international and national policies, as well as in relation to the everyday lives of Roma street workers and the motives behind migration. The second volume (2020) focuses on solidarity activism in Helsinki; the third volume will give voice to the migrants themselves.
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2021-547/ The Finnish presidency project on data exchange "Achieving the World's Smoothest Cross-Border Mobility and Daily Life Through Digitalisation" (2021–2023) has produced this baseline study report. The report outlines the current situation of cross-border data exchange between authorities in the Nordic and Baltic countries, while focusing on the three work packages of the presidency project: Studying in another Nordic-Baltic country, using health services in another Nordic-Baltic country, and the versatile use of the Nordic-Baltic legislative databases. Additionally, the barriers to cross-border data exchange was assessed based on the four interoperability layers of the European Interoperability Framework: legal, organisational, semantic and technical interoperability. The report will form the basis of the continued work of the presidency project.
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