Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is one of the recently developed miniaturized analytical techniques. The separation mechanism involved in the separation process is based mainly on the analytes‘ stationary–mobile phase interactions; however, in the case of charged compounds, the different electrophoretic mobilities have to be considered. The process takes place in a capillary column, containing a selected stationary phase, where the mobile phase is delivered by an electro-osmotic flow (EOF) controlled by the application of a relatively high electric field. In contrast to what happens in liquid chromatography, where the mobile phase possesses a parabolic profile, in CEC, a plug flow profile is observed that helps achieve a higher efficiency. This overview includes the illustration of basic principles of CEC, the latest achievements concerning the instrumentation used (stationary phases, columns, detectors, hyphenation), description of method optimization, selected examples, and some potential uses of CEC in separation science.
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