The relationship of language to cognition, especially in development, is an issue that has occupied philosophers, psychologists, and linguists for centuries. In recent years, the scientific study of sign languages and deaf individuals has greatly enhanced our understanding of deafness, language, and cognition. This Counterpoints volume considers the extent to which the use of sign language might affect the course and character of cognitive development, and presents a variety of viewpoints in this debate. This volume brings the language-thought discussion into a clearer focus, both theoretically and practically, by placing it in the context of children growing up deaf and the influences of having sign language as their primary form of communication. The discussion is also sharpened by having internationally recognized contributors, such as Patricia Siple, Diane Lillo-Martin, and Ruth Campbell, with specialties in varied areas, all converging on a common interest in which each has conducted empirical research. These contributors clarify and challenge the theoretical assumptions that have driven arguments in the language-thought debate for centuries. An introduction by the editors provides a historical overview of the issues as well as a review of empirical findings that have been offered in response to questions about language-thought relations in deaf children. The final chapters are structured in the form of "live" debate, in which each contributor is given the opportunity to respond to the other perspectives presented in this volume.
La edicion de 2001 se centra en la relacion entre inversion publica e inversion privada. El foco de este a?o esta en la calidad de la inversion publica, de su interaccion con la corrupcion, y del impacto que resulta en la inversion privada.
Whether you are a business owner or corporate manager responsible for establishing and maintaining a 401(k) program or an engaged participant interested in plan design, this manual provides practical recommendations on creating and maintaining a best-in-class plan.Three retirement plan professionals help you: Understand how 401(k) plans work and the features that drive successful employee retirement outcomes. Make prudent decisions concerning costs, vendor selection, investments, plan design and operations. Govern your plan to limit liability and protect fiduciaries, while enhancing investment opportunities and helping employees achieve financial security.
The report is part of the continued investigation on the public-private investment relationship, and its focus for this year is on the quality of public investment, its interaction with corruption, and the resulting impact on private investment. The first chapter provides statistics on trends in private, and public fixed investment in sixty three developing countries, with a substantially expanded sample coverage of the Eastern Europe and Central Asia Region, as well as some smaller economies of the Latin America and Caribbean Region. On average, the ratio of private investment to GDP, declined in 1999 compared to 1998, while public investment increased in simple average terms, and remained at 1998 levels in weighted average terms. The 1999 decline brings investment ratios back to their 1995 level, and, preliminary (incomplete) estimates for 2000, suggest that private investment may be poised for a return to growth. The second chapter examines whether higher levels of public investment are associated with higher, or lower levels of private investment, the impact of corruption on this relationship, and the long-run implications for growth, and sustainable development. The paper is consistent with the hypothesis that corruption lowers the quality of public investment, and that this reduced quality is associated with lower private investment.
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