Electoral Systems and Political Transformation in Post-Communist Europe assesses the influence of electoral systems on political change in 20 post-communist European states. The main finding is that electoral institutions have systematic effects on the formation of representative structures. 'Party-enabling' aspects of electoral laws such as list proportional representation tend to foster popular inclusion in politics and institutionalized party systems, whereas 'politician-enabling' rules such as single-member districts and ballots that allow voters to select individuals often favour the development of weakly structured systems and high levels of popular exclusion from the representative process.
Embodying Democracy analyzes the politics of electoral reform in eight post-communist states including Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Russia and Ukraine. By exploring the multiple factors that shaped the design of electoral institutions during the first ten years of post-communist transition, it accounts for an important element of the post-communist reform process and illuminates general features of institutional design in post-transition states.
The battlefield has changed tremendously during the past decade due to major technical innovations. These changes have resulted in a requirement for high-speed, multimedia communications and greater bandwidth capabilities. Global Broadcast Service (GBS) technology is a military application of the commercial system Direct TV and is one way the military can address the need for greater bandwidth. Many of the two way systems in the MlLSATCOM architecture could be relieved of their burden by use of GBS. This thesis focuses on the Marine Corps and how its decision makers can integrate GBS into the existing communications architecture. This is illustrated by using a Marine Expeditionary Unit as an example. This technology meets the warfighters need to have a high data rate, high volume information transfer available. Crucial to the successful integration of GBS into the communications architecture is ensuring that the MEU command ships, and other amphibious vessels in the Amphibious Ready Group, are equipped with the GBS receive suites during MEUs workup and deployment cycle. Finally, command and control issues are discussed and how GBS can expedite the decision making process.
This study offers an analysis of the UK's current economic policy options and a plan for improving life for ordinary citizens via a sensible and realistic understanding of governments' limited ability to manage economic performance. It provides a manifesto which political parties could immediately adopt to make life better for all.
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