This reference book examines the diagnosis and treatment of spinal infections and trauma. Beginning with the fundamental concepts of spinal infections, it continues with detailed chapters dedicated to the different types of infection and spinal cord injury. Emphasis is placed not only on surgical techniques, but also the pathology, clinical features, value of modern diagnostic features, and appropriate drug therapy.
Biologically inspiredcomputing isdi?erentfromconventionalcomputing.Ithas adi?erentfeel; often the terminology does notsound like it’stalkingabout machines.The activities ofthiscomputingsoundmorehumanthanmechanistic as peoplespeak ofmachines that behave, react, self-organize,learn, generalize, remember andeven to forget.Much ofthistechnology tries to mimic nature’s approach in orderto mimicsome of nature’s capabilities.They havearigorous, mathematical basisand neuralnetworks forexamplehaveastatistically valid set on which the network istrained. Twooutlinesaresuggestedasthepossibletracksforpatternrecognition.They are neuralnetworks andfunctionalnetworks.NeuralNetworks (many interc- nected elements operating in parallel) carryout tasks that are not only beyond the scope ofconventionalprocessing but also cannotbeunderstood in the same terms.Imagingapplicationsfor neuralnetworksseemtobea natural?t.Neural networks loveto do pattern recognition. A new approachto pattern recognition usingmicroARTMAP together with wavelet transforms in the context ofhand written characters,gestures andsignatures havebeen dealt.The KohonenN- work,Back Propagation Networks andCompetitive Hop?eld NeuralNetwork havebeen considered for various applications. Functionalnetworks,beingageneralizedformofNeuralNetworkswherefu- tionsarelearnedratherthanweightsiscomparedwithMultipleRegressionAn- ysisforsome applicationsandtheresults are seen to be coincident. New kinds of intelligence can be added to machines, and we will havethe possibilityof learningmore about learning.Thus our imaginationsand options are beingstretched.These new machines will be fault-tolerant,intelligentand self-programmingthustryingtomakethemachinessmarter.Soastomakethose who use the techniques even smarter. Chapter1 isabrief introduction toNeural and Functionalnetworks in the context of Patternrecognitionusing these disciplinesChapter2 givesa review ofthearchitectures relevantto the investigation andthedevelopment ofthese technologies in the past few decades. Retracted VIII Preface Chapter3begins with the lookattherecognition ofhandwritten alphabets usingthealgorithm for ordered list ofboundary pixelsas well as the Ko- nenSelf-Organizing Map (SOM).Chapter 4 describes the architecture ofthe MicroARTMAP and its capability.
This class-room tested book, representing the teaching experience of over two decades by the authors, is designed to cater to the needs of senior undergraduate and first-year postgraduate students of civil engineering for a course in Advanced Structural Analysis/Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis/Computer Methods of Structural Analysis. The book endeavours to fulfil two principal objectives. First, it acquaints students with the matrix methods of structural analysis and their underlying concepts and principles. Second, it demonstrates the development of well-structured computer programs for the analysis of structures by the matrix methods. After a thorough presentation of the mathematical tools and theory required for linear elastic analysis of structural systems, the text focuses on the flexibility and stiffness methods of analysis for computer usage. The direct stiffness method which forms the backbone of most computer programs is also discussed. Besides, the physical behaviour of structures is analyzed throughout with the help of axial thrust, shear force, bending moment and deflected shape diagrams. A large number of worked-out examples are included to amplify the concepts and to illustrate the effect of external loads, including the effect of temperature, lack of fit, and settlement of supports, etc. The CD-ROM contains many illustrative computer programs and the usage of modern packages such as Excel and Matlab. The book will also be a useful reference for practising structural engineers who wish to pursue the versatility of matrix methods as a tool for computer applications.
Explains the fundamental concepts and principles underlying the subject, illustrates the application of numerical methods to solve engineering problems with mathematical models, and introduces students to the use of computer applications to solve problems. A continuous step-by-step build up of the subject makes the book very student-friendly. All topics and sequentially coherent subtopics are carefully organized and explained distinctly within each chapter. An abundance of solved examples is provided to illustrate all phases of the topic under consideration. All chapters include several spreadsheet problems for modeling of physical phenomena, which enable the student to obtain graphical representations of physical quantities and perform numerical analysis of problems without recourse to a high-level computer language. Adequately equipped with numerous solved problems and exercises, this book provides sufficient material for a two-semester course. The book is essentially designed for all engineering students. It would also serve as a ready reference for practicing engineers and for those preparing for competitive examinations. It includes previous years' question papers and their solutions.
During the past two decades,owing to the advent of digital computers,numerical methods of analysis have become very popular for the solution of complex problems in physical and management sciences and in engineering.As the price of hardware keeps decreasing repidly,experts predict that in the near future one may have to pay onliy for sodtware.This underscores the importance of numerical computation to the scientist and engineers and,today,most undergraduates and postgraduates are being given training in the use of computers and access to the computers for the solution of problems.
Given the risk of earthquakes in many countries, knowing how structural dynamics can be applied to earthquake engineering of structures, both in theory and practice, is a vital aspect of improving the safety of buildings and structures. It can also reduce the number of deaths and injuries and the amount of property damage. The book begins by discussing free vibration of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems, both damped and undamped, and forced vibration (harmonic force) of SDOF systems. Response to periodic dynamic loadings and impulse loads are also discussed, as are two degrees of freedom linear system response methods and free vibration of multiple degrees of freedom. Further chapters cover time history response by natural mode superposition, numerical solution methods for natural frequencies and mode shapes and differential quadrature, transformation and Finite Element methods for vibration problems. Other topics such as earthquake ground motion, response spectra and earthquake analysis of linear systems are discussed. Structural dynamics of earthquake engineering: theory and application using Mathematica and Matlab provides civil and structural engineers and students with an understanding of the dynamic response of structures to earthquakes and the common analysis techniques employed to evaluate these responses. Worked examples in Mathematica and Matlab are given. Explains the dynamic response of structures to earthquakes including periodic dynamic loadings and impulse loads Examines common analysis techniques such as natural mode superposition, the finite element method and numerical solutions Investigates this important topic in terms of both theory and practise with the inclusion of practical exercise and diagrams
The second edition of this book provides a comprehensive introduction to a consortium of technologies underlying soft computing, an evolving branch of computational intelligence, which in recent years, has turned synonymous to it. The constituent technologies discussed comprise neural network (NN), fuzzy system (FS), evolutionary algorithm (EA), and a number of hybrid systems, which include classes such as neuro-fuzzy, evolutionary-fuzzy, and neuro-evolutionary systems. The hybridization of the technologies is demonstrated on architectures such as fuzzy backpropagation network (NN-FS hybrid), genetic algorithm-based backpropagation network (NN-EA hybrid), simplified fuzzy ARTMAP (NN-FS hybrid), fuzzy associative memory (NN-FS hybrid), fuzzy logic controlled genetic algorithm (EA-FS hybrid) and evolutionary extreme learning machine (NN-EA hybrid) Every architecture has been discussed in detail through illustrative examples and applications. The algorithms have been presented in pseudo-code with a step-by-step illustration of the same in problems. The applications, demonstrative of the potential of the architectures, have been chosen from diverse disciplines of science and engineering. This book, with a wealth of information that is clearly presented and illustrated by many examples and applications, is designed for use as a text for the courses in soft computing at both the senior undergraduate and first-year postgraduate levels of computer science and engineering. It should also be of interest to researchers and technologists desirous of applying soft computing technologies to their respective fields of work.
The second edition of this book provides a comprehensive introduction to a consortium of technologies underlying soft computing, an evolving branch of computational intelligence, which in recent years, has turned synonymous to it. The constituent technologies discussed comprise neural network (NN), fuzzy system (FS), evolutionary algorithm (EA), and a number of hybrid systems, which include classes such as neuro-fuzzy, evolutionary-fuzzy, and neuro-evolutionary systems. The hybridization of the technologies is demonstrated on architectures such as fuzzy backpropagation network (NN-FS hybrid), genetic algorithm-based backpropagation network (NN-EA hybrid), simplified fuzzy ARTMAP (NN-FS hybrid), fuzzy associative memory (NN-FS hybrid), fuzzy logic controlled genetic algorithm (EA-FS hybrid) and evolutionary extreme learning machine (NN-EA hybrid) Every architecture has been discussed in detail through illustrative examples and applications. The algorithms have been presented in pseudo-code with a step-by-step illustration of the same in problems. The applications, demonstrative of the potential of the architectures, have been chosen from diverse disciplines of science and engineering. This book, with a wealth of information that is clearly presented and illustrated by many examples and applications, is designed for use as a text for the courses in soft computing at both the senior undergraduate and first-year postgraduate levels of computer science and engineering. It should also be of interest to researchers and technologists desirous of applying soft computing technologies to their respective fields of work.
Arc welding is one of the key processes in industrial manufacturing, with welders using two types of processes - gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). This new book provides a survey-oriented account of the modeling, sensing, and automatic control of the GMAW process.Researchers are presented with the most recent information in the areas of modeling, sensing and automatic control of the GMAW process, collecting a number of original research results on the topic from the authors and colleagues. Providing an overview of a variety of topics, this book looks at the classification of various welding processes; the modeling aspects of GMAW; physics of welding; metal transfer characteristics; weld pool geometry; process voltages and variables; power supplies; sensing (sensors for arc length, weld penetration control, weld pool geometry, using optical and intelligent sensors); control techniques of PI, PID, multivariable control, adaptive control, and intelligent control. Finally, the book illustrates a case study presented by the authors and their students at Idaho State University, in collaboration with researchers at the Idaho National Engineering and Environment Laboratory.
This book emphasizes the role of various biopesticides in the protection of various crops like rice, maize, pulses, oilseeds, cotton, sugarcane, vegetables, fruits, tobacco, spice crops, tuber crops, coconut, tea, forest plantations and stored products. The present book is an attempt to evaluate the scope of biopesticides in sustainable agriculture of various crops in order to contemplate the progress and constraints and suggest a future roadmap for potential use of biopesticides.
This unique resource-the first book of its kind exclusively devoted to the subject-offers timely coverage of the cells, mechanisms, and proteins involved in allergic inflammation, emphasizing the latest advances in local cell recruitment.
Saponins are complex molecules made up of sugars linked to a triterpenoid or a steroid or a steroidal alkaloid. These natural products are attracting much attention in recent years because of the host of biological activities they exhibit. The diversity of structural features, the challenges of isolation because of their occurrence as complex mixtures, the pharmacological and biological activities still to be discovered, and the prospect of commercialization - these all are driving the study of saponins. Triterpenoid saponins are dominating constituents of this class and occur widely throughout the plant kingdom including some human foods e. g. beans, spinach, tomatoes, and potatoes, and animal feed e. g. alfalfa and clover. Saponins were initially a rather neglected· area of research primarily because of great difficulties in their isolation and characterization. With the advent of more sophisticated methods of isolation and structure elucidation through the last two decades, there has been increased interest in these natural products. Besides structure determination, research activities are now moving forward to clarify structure-activity relationships. Our previous reviews on triterpenoid saponins (l, 2) covered literature from 1979 to mid-1989. The literature on triterpenoid saponins up to 1988 has also been covered by two reviews by HILLER et at. (3, 4). This review incorporates newer trends in isolation and structure determination of triterpenoid saponins, new triterpenoid saponins isolated and biological properties of these products reported during the period late 1989-mid 1996. 2.
Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, by Drs. S. Terry Canale and James H. Beaty, continues to define your specialty, guiding you through when and how to perform every state-of-the-art procedure that's worth using. With hundreds of new procedures, over 7,000 new illustrations, a vastly expanded video collection, and new evidence-based criteria throughout, it takes excellence to a new level...because that is what your practice is all about. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader with intuitive search tools and adjustable font sizes. Elsevier eBooks provide instant portable access to your entire library, no matter what device you're using or where you're located. Achieve optimal outcomes with step-by-step guidance on today's full range of procedures from Campbell’s Operative Orthopaedics - the most trusted and widely used resource in orthopedic surgery - authored by Drs. S. Terry Canale, James H. Beaty, and 42 other authorities from the world-renowned Campbell Clinic. Access the complete contents online with regular updates, view all the videos, and download all the illustrations at www.expertconsult.com. See how to proceed better than ever before with 45 surgical videos demonstrating hip revision, patellar tendon allograft preparation, open reduction internal fixation clavicle fracture, total shoulder arthroplasty, total elbow arthroplasty, and more - plus over 7,000 completely new step-by-step illustrations and photos commissioned especially for this edition. Make informed clinical choices for each patient, from diagnosis and treatment selection through post-treatment strategies and management of complications, with new evidence-based criteria throughout. Utilize the very latest approaches in hip surgery including hip resurfacing, hip preservation surgery, and treatment of hip pain in the young adult; and get the latest information on metal-on-metal hips so you can better manage patients with these devices. Improve your total joint arthroplasty outcomes by reviewing the long-term data for each procedure; and consider the pros and cons of new developments in joint implant technology, including "customized" implants and their effect on patient outcomes. Implement new practices for efficient patient management so you can accommodate the increasing need for high-quality orthopaedic care in our aging population.
Wine Science, Fourth Edition, covers the three pillars of wine science: grape culture, wine production, and sensory evaluation. It discusses grape anatomy, physiology and evolution, wine geography, wine and health, and the scientific basis of food and wine combinations. It also covers topics not found in other enology or viticulture texts, including details on cork and oak, specialized wine making procedures, and historical origins of procedures. New to this edition are expanded coverage on micro-oxidation and the cool prefermentative maceration of red grapes; the nature of the weak fixation of aromatic compounds in wine – and the significance of their release upon bottle opening; new insights into flavor modification post bottle; the shelf-life of wine as part of wine aging; and winery wastewater management. Updated topics include precision viticulture, including GPS potentialities, organic matter in soil, grapevine pests and disease, and the history of wine production technology. This book is a valuable resource for grape growers, fermentation technologists; students of enology and viticulture, enologists, and viticulturalists. New to this edition: Expanded coverage of micro-oxidation and the cool prefermentative maceration of red grapes The nature of the weak fixation of aromatic compounds in wine – and the significance of their release upon bottle opening New insights into flavor modification post bottle Shelf-life of wine as part of wine aging Winery wastewater management Updated topics including: Precision viticulture, including GPS potentialities Organic matter in soil Grapevine pests and disease History of wine production technology
The ambiguous state of our legal structure and its formats leave the common man with no grasp of the basics of the system in which he lives. Treatises and documents are boundless, but yet so vague and so verbose, that one has neither the time to read it nor to even glance it. Over the years it is greatly felt that a standing reference material which can help abank worker to be aware of this rights as bank employee is necessary. Hence this effort on the part of mine to give you a summary of your rights as a bank employee edited from the available sources. This document is exhaustive and gives the most correct picture of our rights… This book is for all. The objectives of this book are to enable activists to understand important concepts in domestic enquiries, with practical illustrations and to get insightful understanding of changing environment of service conditions followed in banks and other sectors. it is hoped that books will be useful and will be a tool for effective defence assistant in days to come. Every line present day’s employees in banks are now referring as a service condition and benefits has got an historical struggle and historical negotiation. Remember, the task of the union to shape your life, career and future was never an easy way or path. These benefits are hard earned rights in tough times. Now you hold the responsibility to preserve, protect, and improve them. Let thousand hands join and build our movement strong. Success is not a destination but it is a journey.
Unrivalled in scope and depth, Campbell’s Operative Orthopaedics continues to be the most widely used resource in orthopaedic surgery, relied on for years by surgeons across the globe. It provides trusted guidance on when and how to perform every state-of-the-art procedure that's worth using, with updates to the new edition including hundreds of new techniques, illustrations, and digital diagnostic images to keep you abreast of the latest innovations. Each chapter follows a standard template, with highlighted procedural steps that lead with art and are followed by bulleted text. Covers multiple procedures for all body regions. In-depth coverage helps you accommodate the increasing need for high-quality orthopaedic care in our aging population. Achieve optimal outcomes with step-by-step guidance on today's full range of procedures, brought to you by Drs. Canale, Beaty, and Azar, and many other contributors from the world-renowned Campbell Clinic. Expanded online library boasts high-quality videos of key procedures. Includes approximately 100 new techniques, 300 new illustrations, and 500 new or updated photos and high-quality digital diagnostic images. Features evidence-based surgical coverage wherever possible to aid in making informed clinical choices for each patient. Highlights the latest knowledge on total joint arthroplasty in the ambulatory surgery center, including how to manage metal sensitivity. Provides up-to-date details on rib-based distraction implants (VEPTR) and remote-controlled growing rods (MAGEC) for scoliosis; diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and its influence on development of osteoarthritis; and the treatment of FAI with the mini-open direct anterior approach. Extensive art program is consistent throughout the 4 volumes, providing a fresh, modern look. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, images, videos, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
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