Our thanks go to our colleagues at the VU Univer- Preface to the Third Edition sity Medical Center and to those in other hospitals Reading through the prefaces of the two previous edi- who referred their patients to us. We are indebted to tions,we can say that much of what was said there still all colleagues who allowed us to use their MR images, holds. At the same time,however,much has changed. published or unpublished,making it possible for us to There has been immense progress in the technical present illustrations of nearly all known white matter possibilities of magnetic resonance and in the know- disorders. Two colleagues were particularly helpful ledge of genetic defects, biochemical abnormalities, and provided us with essential and unpublished f- and cellular processes underlying myelin disorders. ures: our friends Susan Blaser,from the Hospital for This immense progress has prompted us to embark Sick Children in Toronto,and Zoltán Patay,from the upon the enormous task of rewriting the previous King Faisal Hospital in Riyadh. edition and adding 40 chapters. In doing so we have Many people at the VU University Medical Center tried to cover most white matter disorders,hereditary have been of great technical help to us in producing and acquired,and to present a collection of images to high quality images and in providing secretarial illustrate the field to the fullest possible extent. This assistance. The contributions of these people are edition will therefore be more complete than the pre- mentioned separately in the acknowledgements.
Interdisciplinarity has seemingly become a paradigm for modern and meaningful research. Clearly, the interdisciplinary modus of deliberation enables to unfold relevant but quite different disciplinary perspectives to the reflection of broader scientific questions or societal problems. However, whether the comprehensive results of interdisciplinary reflection prove to be valid or to be acceptable in trans-disciplinary terms depends upon certain preconditions, which have to be fulfilled for securing scientific quality and social trust in advisory contexts. The present book is written by experts and practitioners of interdisciplinary research and policy advice. It analyses topical and methodological approaches towards interdisciplinarity, starting with the current role of scientific research in society. The volume continues with contributions to the issues of knowledge and acting and to trans-disciplinary deliberation. The final conclusions address the scientific system as substantial actor itself as well as the relevant research and education politics.
Generatingfunctionology provides information pertinent to generating functions and some of their uses in discrete mathematics. This book presents the power of the method by giving a number of examples of problems that can be profitably thought about from the point of view of generating functions. Organized into five chapters, this book begins with an overview of the basic concepts of a generating function. This text then discusses the different kinds of series that are widely used as generating functions. Other chapters explain how to make much more precise estimates of the sizes of the coefficients of power series based on the analyticity of the function that is represented by the series. This book discusses as well the applications of the theory of generating functions to counting problems. The final chapter deals with the formal aspects of the theory of generating functions. This book is a valuable resource for mathematicians and students.
This is a brand new edition of the leading reference work on histological techniques. It is an essential and invaluable resource suited to all those involved with histological preparations and applications, from the student to the highly experienced laboratory professional. This is a one stop reference book that the trainee histotechnologist can purchase at the beginning of his career and which will remain valuable to him as he increasingly gains experience in daily practice. Thoroughly revised and up-dated edition of the standard reference work in histotechnology that successfully integrates both theory and practice.Provides a single comprehensive resource on the tried and tested investigative techniques as well as coverage of the latest technical developments. Over 30 international expert contributors all of whom are involved in teaching, research and practice.Provides authoritative guidance on principles and practice of fixation and staining. Extensive use of summary tables, charts and boxes.Information is well set out and easy to retrieve. Six useful appendices included (SI units, solution preparation, specimen mounting, solubility). Provides practical information on measurements, preparation solutions that are used in daily laboratory practice. Color photomicrographs used extensively throughout. Better replicates the actual appearance of the specimen under the microscope. Brand new co-editors. New material on immunohistochemical and molecular diagnostic techniques.Enables user to keep abreast of latest advances in the field.
Sums of Squares of Integers covers topics in combinatorial number theory as they relate to counting representations of integers as sums of a certain number of squares. The book introduces a stimulating area of number theory where research continues to proliferate. It is a book of "firsts" - namely it is the first book to combine Liouville's element
This is the third of six volumes collecting significant papers of the distinguished astrophysicist and Nobel laureate S. Chandrasekhar. His work is notable for its breadth as well as for its brilliance; his practice has been to change his focus from time to time to pursue new areas of research. The result has been a prolific career full of discoveries and insights, some of which are only now being fully appreciated. Chandrasekhar has selected papers that trace the development of his ideas and that present aspects of his work not fully covered in the books he has periodically published to summarize his research in each area. This volume is divided into four sections. The first, on dynamical friction and Brownian motion, includes papers written after Chandrasekhar published his 1942 monograph Principles of Stellar Dynamics. Also in this section is "Stochastic Problems in Physics and Astronomy," one of the most cited papers in the physics literature, as well as papers written jointly with John von Neumann that have been given impetus to recent research. As Chandrasekhar notes, the papers in the second section, on statistical problems in astronomy, were influenced by Ambartsumian's analysis of brightness in the Milky Way. A third section on the statistical theory of turbulence addresses issues still unresolved in fluid dynamics, and the last section is devoted to hydromagnetic problems in astrophysics that are not discussed in Chandrasekhar's monographs.
Intermediate Probability is the natural extension of the author's Fundamental Probability. It details several highly important topics, from standard ones such as order statistics, multivariate normal, and convergence concepts, to more advanced ones which are usually not addressed at this mathematical level, or have never previously appeared in textbook form. The author adopts a computational approach throughout, allowing the reader to directly implement the methods, thus greatly enhancing the learning experience and clearly illustrating the applicability, strengths, and weaknesses of the theory. The book: Places great emphasis on the numeric computation of convolutions of random variables, via numeric integration, inversion theorems, fast Fourier transforms, saddlepoint approximations, and simulation. Provides introductory material to required mathematical topics such as complex numbers, Laplace and Fourier transforms, matrix algebra, confluent hypergeometric functions, digamma functions, and Bessel functions. Presents full derivation and numerous computational methods of the stable Paretian and the singly and doubly non-central distributions. A whole chapter is dedicated to mean-variance mixtures, NIG, GIG, generalized hyperbolic and numerous related distributions. A whole chapter is dedicated to nesting, generalizing, and asymmetric extensions of popular distributions, as have become popular in empirical finance and other applications. Provides all essential programming code in Matlab and R. The user-friendly style of writing and attention to detail means that self-study is easily possible, making the book ideal for senior undergraduate and graduate students of mathematics, statistics, econometrics, finance, insurance, and computer science, as well as researchers and professional statisticians working in these fields.
Handbook of Mathematical Induction: Theory and Applications shows how to find and write proofs via mathematical induction. This comprehensive book covers the theory, the structure of the written proof, all standard exercises, and hundreds of application examples from nearly every area of mathematics.In the first part of the book, the author discuss
Numerical analysis deals with the manipulation of numbers to solve a particular problem. This book discusses in detail the creation, analysis and implementation of algorithms to solve the problems of continuous mathematics. An input is provided in the form of numerical data or it is generated as required by the system to solve a mathematical problem. Subsequently, this input is processed through arithmetic operations together with logical operations in a systematic manner and an output is produced in the form of numbers. Covering the fundamentals of numerical analysis and its applications in one volume, this book offers detailed discussion on relevant topics including difference equations, Fourier series, discrete Fourier transforms and finite element methods. In addition, the important concepts of integral equations, Chebyshev Approximation and Eigen Values of Symmetric Matrices are elaborated upon in separate chapters. The book will serve as a suitable textbook for undergraduate students in science and engineering.
In subvolume 27C1 magnetic and related properties of binary lanthanide oxides have been compiled. This subvolume covers data obtained since 1980 and can therefore be regarded as supplement to volume III/12c. While in the previous volume the majority of magnetic data was obtained either from magnetometric measurements or from neutron diffraction, for the present data the main emphasis is devoted to 'related' properties without which, however, the understanding of classical magnetic properties is impossible. A second part 27C2 will deal with binary oxides of the actinide elements.
Reprint of the original, first published in 1872. The publishing house Anatiposi publishes historical books as reprints. Due to their age, these books may have missing pages or inferior quality. Our aim is to preserve these books and make them available to the public so that they do not get lost.
ÿThe Assassin Spiders of the family Archaeidae from southern Australia are revised, with a new genus (Zephyrarchaea gen. n.) and nine new species described from temperate, mesic habitats in southern Victoria, South Australia and south-western West-ern Australia: Z. austini sp. n., Z. barrettae sp. n., Z. grayi sp. n., Z. janineae sp. n., Z. marae sp. n., Z. marki sp. n., Z. melindae sp. n., Z. porchi sp. n. and Z. vichickmani sp. n. Specimens of the type species, Z. mainae (Platnick, 1991), comb. n., are re-described from the Albany region of Western Australia, along with the holotype female of Z. robinsi (Harvey, 2002) comb. scribed species Archaea hickmani Butler, 1929 from Victoria is here recognised as a nomen dubium. A key to species and multi-locus molecular phylogeny complement the species-level taxonomy, with maps, habitat photos, natural history information and conservation assessments provided for all species.
The Earth system functions and connects in unexpected ways - from the microscopic interactions of bacteria and rocks to the macro-scale processes that build and erode mountains and regulate Earth's climate. Efforts to study Earth's intertwined processes are made even more pertinent and urgent by the need to understand how the Earth can continue to sustain both civilization and the planet's biodiversity. A Vision for NSF Earth Sciences 2020-2030: Earth in Time provides recommendations to help the National Science Foundation plan and support the next decade of Earth science research, focusing on research priorities, infrastructure and facilities, and partnerships. This report presents a compelling and vibrant vision of the future of Earth science research.
This textbook introduces key numerical algorithms used for problems arising in three core areas of scientific computing: calculus, differential equations, and linear algebra. Theoretical results supporting the derivation and error analysis of algorithms are given rigorous justification in the text and exercises, and a wide variety of detailed computational examples further enhance the understanding of key concepts. Numerical Mathematics includes topics not typically discussed in similar texts at this level, such as a Fourier-based analysis of the trapezoid rule, finite volume methods for the 2D Poisson problem, the Nyström method for approximating the solution of integral equations, and the relatively new FEAST method for targeting clusters of eigenvalues and their eigenvectors. An early emphasis is given to recognizing or deducing orders of convergence in practice, which is essential for assessing algorithm performance and debugging computational software. Numerical experiments complement many of the theorems concerning convergence, illustrating typical behavior of the associated algorithms when the assumptions of the theorems are satisfied and when they are not. This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in mathematics seeking a solid foundation in the theory and practice of scientific computing. Students and researchers in other disciplines who want a fuller understanding of the principles underlying these algorithms will also find it useful. The text is divided into three parts, corresponding to numerical methods for problems in calculus, differential equations, and linear algebra. Each part can be used for a one-term course (quarter or semester), making the book suitable for a two- or three-term sequence in numerical analysis or for largely independent courses on any of the three main topics.
The Cross-Examination Handbook teaches students the skills and strategies behind planning and conducting a persuasive cross-examination. This book offers step-by-step instruction and outstanding examples from illustrative trials. Two criminal and two civil case files, along with role-play assignments, give students practice actually planning and executing a cross-examination.
This is the first half of a text for a two semester course in mathematical statistics at the senior/graduate level for those who need a strong background in statistics as an essential tool in their career. To study this text, the reader needs a thorough familiarity with calculus including such things as Jacobians and series but somewhat less intense familiarity with matrices including quadratic forms and eigenvalues. For convenience, these lecture notes were divided into two parts: Volume I, Probability for Statistics, for the first semester, and Volume II, Statistical Inference, for the second. We suggest that the following distinguish this text from other introductions to mathematical statistics. 1. The most obvious thing is the layout. We have designed each lesson for the (U.S.) 50 minute class; those who study independently probably need the traditional three hours for each lesson. Since we have more than (the U.S. again) 90 lessons, some choices have to be made. In the table of contents, we have used a * to designate those lessons which are "interesting but not essential" (INE) and may be omitted from a general course; some exercises and proofs in other lessons are also "INE". We have made lessons of some material which other writers might stuff into appendices. Incorporating this freedom of choice has led to some redundancy, mostly in definitions, which may be beneficial.
Introduction to Radiation Chemistry Third Edition J. W. T. Spinks and R. J. Woods The only single source guide to radiation chemistry has now been expanded to include new material on applied radiation chemistry and experimental methods, as well as gaseous and solid systems. Other enhancements include broadened coverage of chemical reactions initiated by high-energy and their commercial applications, as well as new topics related to kinetics and experimental procedures. The Third Edition features numerical data in Sl units, simplifying most radiation-chemical calculations, an expanded problem section, and key references updated to reflect recent research. 1990 (0 471-61403-3) 574 pp. The Elements Beyond Uranium Glenn T. Seaborg and Walter D. Loveland Written by the team of Nobel Laureate Glenn Seaborg--an active participant in the discovery of transuranium elements--and leading chemist, Walter Loveland, here is a unique inside account of the discovery of these elements as well as the first definitive look at their chemical, physical, and nuclear properties. The book contains detailed discussions of nuclear synthesis reactions, experimental techniques, natural occurrence, superheavy elements, practical applications, and predictions for the future, as well as such special features as excerpts from original notebooks, pictures of element discovery teams, and up-to-date tables of nuclear properties. 1990 (0 471-89062-6) 359 pp.
The only one-stop reference to design, analysis, and manufacturing concepts for power devices utilizing HTS. High temperature superconductors (HTS) have been used for building many devices for electric grids worldwide and for large ship propulsion motors for the U.S. Navy. And yet, there has been no single source discussing theory and design issues relating to power applications of HTS—until now. This book provides design and analysis for various devices and includes examples of devices built over the last decade. Starting with a complete overview of HTS, the subsequent chapters are dedicated to specific devices: cooling and thermal insulation systems; rotating AC and DC machines; transformers; fault current limiters; power cables; and Maglev transport. As applicable, each chapter provides a history of the device, principles, configuration, design and design challenges, prototypes, and manufacturing issues, with each ending with a summary of the material covered. The design analysis and design examples provide critical insight for readers to successfully design their own devices. Original equipment manufacturer (OEM) designers, industry and utilities users, universities and defense services research groups, and senior/postgraduate engineering students and instructors will rely on this resource. "HTS technology reduces electric losses and increases the efficiency of power equipment. This book by Swarn Kalsi, a leading expert on the HTS subject, provides a survey of the HTS technology and the design rules, performance analyses, and manufacturing concepts for power application-related devices. It compares conventional and HTS technology approaches for device design and provides significant examples of devices utilizing the HTS technology today. The book is useful for a broad spectrum of professionals worldwide: students, teaching staff, and OEM designers as well as users in industry and electric utilities." —Professor Dr. Rolf Hellinger, Research and Technologies Corporate Technology, Siemens AG
Biomass is set to play an increasing role in the supply of energy, both in the industrialised world and in developing countries, as concern for the state of the global environment grows. The possibility for the acceleration of commercial production has received support from the increasing involvement of the large power producers and the growing political commitments of several European countries.The 9th European Bioenergy Conference was held in Copenhagen, 24-27 June 1996. Interest in this conference series continues to grow and the event attracted around 700 delegates from 45 countries. In contrast to previous events, more emphasis was placed on demonstrating bioenergy technology in the marketplace. Overviews on recent achievements in commercial or near commercial activities formed the main focus of the event, but highlights of advancesin science and technological development were also presented, in addition to papers covering environmental aspects of bioenergy.The proceedings contain 350 state-of-the-art papers addressing the following areas; primary production of biomass; provision and production of solid biomass fuels; processes for large power plants; processes for decentralised heat and power production; processes for production of transportation fuels; market, economic and environmental aspects of bioenergyand policy measures to overcome non-technical barriers
449 one finds that for y = Fo (e) C= :n; V3 [Po (2'Yj) 3 -kjF(i) + (2'Yj)! Fd (2'Yj) 3 -ijF (·m, } 1 (14.17) C2 = :n; [- (2'Yj)! Fd (2'Yj) 3 -ijF(i) + Fo (2'Yj) 3 -~;r(i)J, and if y is to be Go(e), C and Chave the same form with Go (2'Yj) replacing Po (2'Yj) 1 2 and G~(2'Yj) replacing Fd(2'Yj). The values of the functions at eo =2'Yj may be ob tained from (14.8). 1 J.K. TYSON has employed the modified Hankel functions of order one third 2 as solutions of (13.4) to obtain expressions for the Coulomb functions for L =0 which converge near e =2'Yj. His results appear as linear combinations of the real and imaginary parts of n ~(x) = (12)!e- ;/6 [A;{- x) - iB;( -x)J, (14.18) and its derivatives multiplying power series in x = (e - 2'Yj)j(2'Yj)1. For values 1 away from the turning point for L =0, TYSON has obtained forms for Po{e) and Go(e) which are similar to (13.1) to (13.3). The JWKB approximation is again the leading term, and some higher order corrections are given. Expressions similar to Eqs. (14.11) and (14.12) have been obtained by T.D. 3 NEWTON employing the integral representation of (4.4). His results give re presentations of FL(e), Gde) in the vicinity of e=2'Yj [whereas (14.11), (14.12) converge near e=eLJ when L.
Reprint of the original, first published in 1872. The publishing house Anatiposi publishes historical books as reprints. Due to their age, these books may have missing pages or inferior quality. Our aim is to preserve these books and make them available to the public so that they do not get lost.
Biology is in the midst of a era yielding many significant discoveries and promising many more. Unique to this era is the exponential growth in the size of information-packed databases. Inspired by a pressing need to analyze that data, Introduction to Computational Biology explores a new area of expertise that emerged from this fertile field- the combination of biological and information sciences. This introduction describes the mathematical structure of biological data, especially from sequences and chromosomes. After a brief survey of molecular biology, it studies restriction maps of DNA, rough landmark maps of the underlying sequences, and clones and clone maps. It examines problems associated with reading DNA sequences and comparing sequences to finding common patterns. The author then considers that statistics of pattern counts in sequences, RNA secondary structure, and the inference of evolutionary history of related sequences. Introduction to Computational Biology exposes the reader to the fascinating structure of biological data and explains how to treat related combinatorial and statistical problems. Written to describe mathematical formulation and development, this book helps set the stage for even more, truly interdisciplinary work in biology.
Recent advances in hardware performance and software technology have made possible a wholly different approach to computational mathematics. Symbolic computation systems have revolutionized the field, building upon established and recent mathematical theory to open new possibilities in virtually every industry. Formerly dubbed Scratchpad, AXIOM is a powerful new symbolic and numerical system developed at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center. AXIOM's scope, structure, and organization make it outstanding among computer algebra systems. AXIOM: The Scientific Computation System is a companion to the AXIOM system. The text is written in a straightforward style and begins with a spirited foreword by David and Gregory Chudnovsky. The book gives the reader a technical introduction to AXIOM, interacts with the system's tutorial, accesses algorithms newly developed by the symbolic computation community, and presents advanced programming and problem solving techniques. Eighty illustrations and eight pages of color inserts accompany text detailing methods used in the 2D and 3D interactive graphics system, and over 2500 example input lines help the reader solve formerly intractable problems.
Concise Handbook of Mathematics and Physics presents a unified and coherent treatment of all the major aspects of modern elementary physics and mathematics. This complete text/reference includes definitions of fundamental notations and physical and mathematical quantities, formulas that express the laws of physics, axioms and theorems of mathematics, and more. The information is organized logically (instead of alphabetically) for better comprehension and quick, convenient access. The book contains extensive cross-referencing between the mathematical and physical sections. reflecting the considerable overlap between these two areas of study and increasing the usefulness of this handbook. Fundamental concepts, theorems, and laws are demonstrated through numerous practical examples and tasks to help build problem-solving skills.
In this volume various applications are discussed, in particular to the hyper-Bessel differential operators and equations, Dzrbashjan-Gelfond-Leontiev operators and Borel type transforms, convolutions, new representations of hypergeometric functions, solutions to classes of differential and integral equations, transmutation method, and generalized integral transforms. Some open problems are also posed. This book is intended for graduate and post-graduate students, lecturers, researchers and others working in applied mathematical analysis, mathematical physics and related disciplines.
The Micropholcommatidae are a family of tiny, distinctive araneoid spiders, known from southern-temperate habitats throughout Australasia and Chile. The greatest abundance of individuals and the largest diversity of taxa occur in the cool-temperate rainforests of south-eastern Australia and New Zealand, where micropholcommatid spiders can be very common within moss and leaf litter microhabitats. Although poorly studied biologically and largely neglected taxonomically, the Micropholcommatidae are a diverse lineage, with a significantÿ The monograph in this volume presents a complete generic-level revision of the spider family Micropholcommatidae. The phylogenetic position and internal phylogeny of the family are tested with two separate morphological cladistic analyses, the results of which inform a comprehensive generic-level classification. In total, 26 new species, 12 new genera, one new tribe and two new subfamilies are described, taking the total documented micropholcommatid fauna to 58 species. The distribution and Gondwanan biogeography of the family are also discussed, and natural history information is provided where known. Most importantly, the results of this paper present a taxonomic framework and a phylogenetic foundation for all future research on the Micropholcommatidae; a template by which new species can be described and existing species can be identified, and a valuable dataset for exploring phylogenetic hypotheses.
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