In this masterwork, Russell H. Tuttle synthesizes a vast research literature in primate evolution and behavior to explain how apes and humans evolved in relation to one another, and why humans became a bipedal, tool-making, culture-inventing species distinct from other hominoids. Along the way, he refutes the influential theory that men are essentially killer apes—sophisticated but instinctively aggressive and destructive beings. Situating humans in a broad context, Tuttle musters convincing evidence from morphology and recent fossil discoveries to reveal what early primates ate, where they slept, how they learned to walk upright, how brain and hand anatomy evolved simultaneously, and what else happened evolutionarily to cause humans to diverge from their closest relatives. Despite our genomic similarities with bonobos, chimpanzees, and gorillas, humans are unique among primates in occupying a symbolic niche of values and beliefs based on symbolically mediated cognitive processes. Although apes exhibit behaviors that strongly suggest they can think, salient elements of human culture—speech, mating proscriptions, kinship structures, and moral codes—are symbolic systems that are not manifest in ape niches. This encyclopedic volume is both a milestone in primatological research and a critique of what is known and yet to be discovered about human and ape potential.
The author has researched his own family history extensively and explains how he went about this and sets out the resulting discoveries which include finding a direct line of descent from the Plantagenet Kings of England which in turn established links to many royal and aristocratic families. There are many interesting characters revealed in the process, about whom the author comments, and there is much advice about how to research family history together with some warnings of some of the pitfalls which may mislead the unwary. This anatomy of a family provides some illuminating insights into social history and some entertaining anecdotes.
Footprints from Fossils to Gallows: Adventures in Paleoanthropology, Primatology, and Forensic Anthropology. University of Chicago professor Russell Tuttle was privileged to study one of the most dramatic and provocative fossil discoveries of the twentieth century: 3.66-million-year-old (MA) bipedal footprint trails at Laetoli, Northern Tanzania. This adventure concurrently led to invitations to join a team of barristers and solicitors in defense of two men accused of involvement in a murder in Winnipeg, Canada. The Queen's Counsel for the prosecution had engaged a certified forensic anthropologist, Louise M. Robbins (1928-1987), who had worked on a different section of the Laetoli footprints trails before him. Her claim to have developed a new science of human footprint analysis for forensic use and wild speculations about the makers of some Laetoli prints prompted him to question her scientific ability and method of footprint analysis (Tuttle 1986) and the judgment of fellow forensic anthropologists who supported her testimonials. We hope this book might lead to a better understanding of how science can serve our courts by using novel and well-established results of scientific research less adversarially with a view to achieve justice for all parties affected by crimes. Particularly, claims of new forensic methods should be tested thoroughly by peer review outside the courtroom before employment to decide matters of life and death. Dr. Robbins's decade of quackery is a prime example of how justice might be better served by early, thorough scrutiny of a claimant's novel methods and general scientific expertise. In addition to relevant literature, my main source is correspondence among Drs. Robbins, Mary Leakey, and Michael Day; court records of barristers and myself from copies of correspondence in my files dating back to 1980 and Anthropology Archives at the Smithsonian Institution; and detailed reports prepared by Dr. Robbins and R. Tuttle concerning a criminal case in Winnipeg, Canada. Although I did not set out to write the book as a memoir, it quickly became thus as I recalled the experiences that shaped me as a paleoanthropologist. Previously, my research was on functional morphology, history of anthropology, and evolutionary biology in the USA and Europe.
In this masterwork, Russell H. Tuttle synthesizes a vast research literature in primate evolution and behavior to explain how apes and humans evolved in relation to one another, and why humans became a bipedal, tool-making, culture-inventing species distinct from other hominoids. This encyclopedic volume is both a milestone in primatological research and a critique of what is known and yet to be discovered about human and ape potential.
Contains top ten lists in a wide assortment of categories, covering the universe, humans, crime, culture, music, entertainment, food, transportation, sports, and other topics.
The late John Napier was a physician specializing in hands, and he was also a professor and writer on primates and evolution. In this illustrated work, Napier explores a wide range of absorbing subjects such as fingerprints, handedness, gestures, fossil remains, and the making and using of tools. University of Chicago Professor of Anthropology Russell Tuttle updates Napier's work.
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