This book offers a comparative perspective on the semi-presidential regimes of Portugal and Timor-Leste, suggesting that they both reserve a “moderating power” for presidents in line with what was theorized by Benjamin Constant. Historical legacies, political culture and short-term political considerations combined create an institutional design that has endured and produced incentives to power-sharing and inclusiveness. A critical element of this model finds roots in the electoral system facilitating the emergence of “independent” presidents with political platforms that tend to supersede those of political parties. Elected presidents dispose of an array of competences that do not overlap with those of prime ministers, but represent a category of its own. The vast array of presidential competences contributes to reinforcing a system of checks and balances, and to foster horizontal accountability. The book argues that this specific form of government with “moderating powers” and presidents who are largely “independent” from the party system contributed to the successful democratic transitions of Portugal and Timor-Leste.
The Backpacker Tourist: A contemporary perspective explores the increasing number of people traveling around the world as backpackers and analyses the great diversification of this demographic and their varied experiences while traveling.
Design of Very High-Frequency Multirate Switched-Capacitor Circuits presents the theory and the corresponding CMOS implementation of the novel multirate sampled-data analog interpolation technique which has its great potential on very high-frequency analog frond-end filtering due to its inherent dual advantage of reducing the speed of data-converters and DSP core together with the specification relaxation of the post continuous-time filtering. This technique completely eliminates the traditional phenomenon of sampled-and-hold frequency-shaping at the lower input sampling rate. Also, in order to tackle physical IC imperfections at very high frequency, the state-of-the-art circuit design and layout techniques for high-speed Switched-Capacitor (SC) circuits are comprehensively discussed: -Optimum circuit architecture tradeoff analysis -Simple speed and power trade-off analysis of active elements -High-order filtering response accuracy with respect to capacitor-ratio mismatches -Time-interleaved effect with respect to gain and offset mismatch -Time-interleaved effect with respect to timing-skew and random jitter with non-uniformly holding -Stage noise analysis and allocation scheme -Substrate and supply noise reduction -Gain-and offset-compensation techniques -High-bandwidth low-power amplifier design and layout -Very low timing-skew multiphase generation Two tailor-made optimum design examples in CMOS are presented. The first one achieves a 3-stage 8-fold SC interpolating filter with 5.5MHz bandwidth and 108MHz output sampling rate for a NTSC/PAL CCIR 601 digital video at 3 V. Another is a 15-tap 57MHz SC FIR bandpass interpolating filter with 4-fold sampling rate increase to 320MHz and the first-time embedded frequency band up-translation for DDFS system at 2.5V. The corresponding chip prototype achieves so far the highest operating frequency, highest filter order and highest center frequency with highest dynamic range under the lowest supply voltage when compared to the previously reported high-frequency SC filters in CMOS.
This book focuses on the behavioral interactions among possible stakeholders in carbon labeling practice, brings the attentions of stakeholders’ interests to explore the opportunities, and challenges related to carbon labeling practice, thus to provide insight into low-carbon consumption and production. It is essential reading for students, researchers, and policy makers as well as those with a wider interest in environmental science and sustainable development.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference on Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems, DAIS 2009, held in Lisbon, Portugal, in June 2009. The DAIS conference was held as part of the federated event on Distributed Computing Techniques (DisCoTec), together with the 11th International Conference on Coordination Models and Languages (Coordination 2009) and the IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference on Formal Techniques for Distributed Systems (FMOODS/FORTE 2009). The 12 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. The papers address service orientation, quality of service and service contract, business processes, Web services, service components, algorithms and protocols supporting dependability, fault tolerance, data replication, group communication, adaptive and collaborative systems, context awareness, model-driven development, middleware for ubiquitous computing and sensor networks, ad hoc network protocols, peer-to-peer systems, and overlays. They are organized in topical sections peer-to-peer networks, adhoc networks, dependability, and infrastructure and services.
This book investigates the development of sorption enhanced reaction processes (SERPs) with detailed modelling and simulation, design and operation of units. SERPs are processes intensified by combining adsorption and reaction, reaction and membranes or reaction/adsorption/membranes in a single unit in order to overcome thermodynamic limitations of conversion in reversible reactions. The focus here is on gas phase and liquid phase processes involving different technologies, including pressure swing adsorptive reactors, membrane reactors and simulated moving bed reactors. Emphasis is also given to presenting data and practical applications of SERP products.Sorption Enhanced Reaction Processes provides undergraduate and graduate students of chemistry and chemical engineering, researchers and industrial engineers with a clear path towards process development of SERP, whatever the area of application.
Appraisal is the way language users express their attitude towards things, people, behaviour or ideas. In the last few decades, significant achievements have been made in Appraisal Theory research, yet little attention has been paid to appraisal in scientific texts, especially in relation to the contrast to how it is applied in English and Chinese. This title examines the similarities and differences of Appraisal systems in English and Chinese scientific research articles. Using a self-constructed corpus of scientific research articles, the authors make cross-linguistic comparisons in terms of the quantity and distribution patterns of categories of appraisals. They creatively categorise articles into theoretical scientific research articles and applied studies and discover that for both languages, each genre can have its own favorite mode of distribution for the realization of appraisal systems. In addition, this research helps appraisal theory systems to become more explicit, specific, and more applicable for the analysis of scientific research articles. Students and scholars of applied linguistics, comparative linguistics and corpus linguistics will find this an essential reference.
This book, published in collaboration with ERSAR, presents a unique account of governance and regulatory methods used by different countries, states and municipalities that will help regulators and governments all over the world to improve their regulatory approaches. It is the first book to compile such an amount of data about regulatory processes of a wide number of countries from the five continents. It discusses how the characteristics of water and wastewater services call for regulation and how different countries apply distinct regulatory methods. By showing 18 country case-studies, the book offers an interesting perspective as the regulatory models adopted vary immensely depending on geographical location, nature and strength of institutions and governments, political ideology, features and level of development of the countries. In addition, it provides examples of best practices that may be important for policy-makers to enhance the regulatory processes adopted in each country. It looks closely at rules imposed by state and local governments concerning regulatory issues and how they are being applied. Regulation of Water and Wastewater Services covers the fundamental and practical concepts and issues regarding the regulation of water and wastewater services. It describes and compares the regulatory methods adopted in several countries and provides a global overview on regulation. There is detailed coverage of topics such as quality of service regulation, economic regulation and public service obligations. This book is suitable for regulators, academic researchers and students, consultants, operators and managers, policy-makers and other stakeholders. Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/RegulationofWaterandWastewaterServicesAninternationalcomparison Author: Rui Cunha Marques, Center of Urban and Regional Systems (CESUR), Instituto Superior Tecnico, Technical University of Lisbon in collaboration with the Portuguese Water and Waste Services Regulation Authority (ERSAR)
Description of a T18 Cyclopic Fetus and Comparison Between Edwards (T18), Patau (T13) and Down (T21) Syndromes Using 3-D Imaging and Anatomical Illustrations
Description of a T18 Cyclopic Fetus and Comparison Between Edwards (T18), Patau (T13) and Down (T21) Syndromes Using 3-D Imaging and Anatomical Illustrations
This book focuses on human anatomy and medicine and specifically on both muscular and skeletal birth defects in humans with trisomy. Moreover, this book also deals with Down syndrome, which is one of the most studied human syndromes and, due to its high incidence and the fact that individuals with this syndrome often live until adulthood, is of spe
This paper uses an industry equilibrium model where some firms are financially constrained to quantify the effects of a transitory corporate tax cut funded by a future tax increase on the U.S. economy. It finds that by increasing current cash-flows tax cuts alleviate financing frictions, hereby stimulating current investment. Per dollar of tax stimulus, aggregate investment increases by 26 cents on impact, and aggregate output by 3.5 cents. The average effect masks heterogeneity: multipliers are close to 1 for constrained firms, especially new entrants, and negative for larger and unconstrained firms. The output effects extend well past the period the policy is reversed, leading to a cumulative multiplier of 7.2 cents. Multipliers are significantly larger when controlling for the investment crowding-out effect among unconstrained firms.
The definitive, easy-to-use guide to the popular BeagleBone board BeagleBone For Dummies is the definitive beginner's guide to using the popular BeagleBone board to learn electronics and programming. Unlike other books that require previous knowledge of electronics, Linux, and Python, this one assumes you know nothing at all, and guides you step-by-step throughout the process of getting acquainted with your BeagleBone Original or BeagleBone Black. You'll learn how to get set up, use the software, build the hardware, and code your projects, with plenty of examples to walk you through the process. You'll move carefully through your first BeagleBone project, then get ideas for branching out from there to create even better, more advanced programs. The BeagleBone is a tiny computer board – about the size of a credit card – that has all the capability of a desktop. Its affordability and ease of use has made it popular among hobbyists, hardware enthusiasts, and programmers alike, and it's time for you to join their ranks as you officially dive into the world of microcomputers. This book removes the guesswork from using the popular BeagleBone board and shows you how to get up and running in no time. Download the operating system and connect your BeagleBone Learn to navigate the desktop environment Start programming with Python and Bonescript Build your first project, and find plans for many more To learn BeagleBone, you could spend hours on the Internet and still never find the information you need, or you can get everything you need here. This book appeals to all new and inexperienced hobbyists, tinkerers, electronics gurus, hackers, budding programmers, engineers, and hardware geeks who want to learn how to get the most out of their powerful BeagleBone.
This volume contains the contributions of the keynote speakers to the BIOMAT 2005 symposium, as well as a collection of selected papers by pioneering researchers. It provides a comprehensive review of the mathematical modeling of cancer development, Alzheimer''s disease, malaria, and aneurysm development. Various models for the immune system and epidemiological issues are analyzed and reviewed. The book also explores protein structure prediction by optimization and combinatorial techniques (Steiner trees). The coverage includes bioinformatics issues, regulation of gene expression, evolution, development, DNA and array modeling, and small world networks. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Modelling Aspects of Vascular Cancer Development (581 KB). Contents: Biological Modeling: A Mathematical Analysis of Cylindrical Shaped Aneurysms (T A Kwembe & S N Jones); On the Origin of Metazoans (F W Cummings); Optimal Control of Distributed Systems Applied to the Problems of Ambient Pollution (S F Arantes & J E M Rivera); Epidemiology and Immunology: Modeling the in Vivo Dynamics of Viral Infections (R M Ribeiro); The Basic Reproductive Rate in the Malaria Model (A P Wyse et al.); Epidemiological Model with Fast Dispersion (M R Ricard et al.); Protein Structure: Structure Prediction of Alpha-Helical Proteins (S R McAllister & C A Floudas); Steiner Minimal Trees, Twist Angles, and the Protein Folding Problem (J M Smith); Steiner Trees as Intramolecular Networks of the Biomacromolecular Structures (R P Mondaini); Bioinformatics: Optimization of Between Group Analysis of Gene Expression Disease Class Prediction (F Baty et al.); On Biclustering with Features Selection for Microarray Data Sets (P M Pardalos et al.); Simple and Effective Classifiers to Model Biological Data (R L Salvini et al.); and other papers. Readership: Graduate students and researchers in biology, mathematics and physics.
Polymers from natural sources are particularly useful as biomaterials and in regenerative medicine, given their similarity to the extracellular matrix and other polymers in the human body. This important book reviews the wealth of research on both tried and promising new natural-based biomedical polymers, together with their applications as implantable biomaterials, controlled-release carriers or scaffolds for tissue engineering.The first part of the book reviews the sources, processing and properties of natural-based polymers for biomedical applications. Part two describes how the surfaces of polymer-based biomaterials can be modified to improve their functionality. The third part of the book discusses the use of natural-based polymers for biodegradable scaffolds and hydrogels in tissue engineering. Building on this foundation, Part four looks at the particular use of natural-gelling polymers for encapsulation, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The penultimate group of chapters reviews the use of natural-based polymers as delivery systems for drugs, hormones, enzymes and growth factors. The final part of the book summarises research on the key issue of biocompatibility.Natural-based polymers for biomedical applications is a standard reference for biomedical engineers, those studying and researching in this important area, and the medical community. - Examines the sources, processing and properties of natural based polymers for biomedical applications - Explains how the surfaces of polymer based biomaterials can be modified to improve their functionality - Discusses the use of natural based polymers for hydrogels in tissue engineering, and in particular natural gelling polymers for encapsulation and regenerative medicine
This book describes methods for adaptive control of distributed-collector solar fields: plants that collect solar energy and deliver it in thermal form. Controller design methods are presented that can overcome difficulties found in these type of plants: they are distributed-parameter systems, i.e., systems with dynamics that depend on space as well as time; their dynamics is nonlinear, with a bilinear structure; there is a significant level of uncertainty in plant knowledge. Adaptive methods form the focus of the text because of the degree of uncertainty in the knowledge of plant dynamics. Parts of the text are devoted to design methods that assume only a very limited knowledge about the plant. Other parts detail methods that rely on knowledge of the dominant plant structure. These methods are more plant specific, but allow the improvement of performance. Adaptive Control of Solar Energy Collector Systems demonstrates the dynamics of solar fields to be rich enough to present a challenge to the control designer while, at the same time, simple enough to allow analytic work to be done, providing case studies on dynamics and nonlinear control design in a simple and revealing, but nontrivial way. The control approaches treated in this monograph can be generalized to apply to other plants modelled by hyperbolic partial differential equations, especially process plants in which transport phenomena occur, plants like dryers, steam super-heaters and even highway traffic. An important example, used repeatedly throughout the text, is a distributed-collector solar field installed at Plataforma Solar de Almeria, located in southern Spain. The control algorithms laid out in the text are illustrated with experimental results generated from this plant. Although the primary focus of this monograph is solar energy collector, the range of other systems which can benefit from the methods described will make it of interest to control engineers working in many industries as well as to academic control researchers interested in adaptive control and its applications.
This book offers a comparative perspective on the semi-presidential regimes of Portugal and Timor-Leste, suggesting that they both reserve a “moderating power” for presidents in line with what was theorized by Benjamin Constant. Historical legacies, political culture and short-term political considerations combined create an institutional design that has endured and produced incentives to power-sharing and inclusiveness. A critical element of this model finds roots in the electoral system facilitating the emergence of “independent” presidents with political platforms that tend to supersede those of political parties. Elected presidents dispose of an array of competences that do not overlap with those of prime ministers, but represent a category of its own. The vast array of presidential competences contributes to reinforcing a system of checks and balances, and to foster horizontal accountability. The book argues that this specific form of government with “moderating powers” and presidents who are largely “independent” from the party system contributed to the successful democratic transitions of Portugal and Timor-Leste.
Manuel Rui’s early prose fiction focused on relations in colonial Angolan society and, in part, functioned as a contestation of Portuguese politics and culture. Rui continues to explore the complexities of Angolan life in Yes, Comrade! The stories in Yes, Comrade! communicate a sense of the atmosphere in a city occupied by rival nationalistic factions and a colonial power. The political center of consciousness is clearly the revolutionary MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola), which won the struggle in the political and military arena. Using immediate events as well as cultural and linguistic codes, Rui brilliantly explores the ramifications of political independence and nation-state formation. Manuel Rui is one of the leading writers postcolonial Angolan fiction. He has published several works of fiction and poetry, including Regresso Adiado, Memoria de Mar, and Quem me dera ser onda. Yes, Comrade! (originally published as Sim Camarada!) is the first of his works available in English translation. Ronald W. Sousa is professor of cultural studies and comparative literature at the University of Minnesota. He is the author of The Rediscoverers: Major Figures in the Portuguese Literature of National Regeneration and the translator of Clarice Lispector’s The Passion according to G.H. (Minnesota, 1988). Gitahi Gititi is an assistant professor of English at the University of Rhode Island at Kingston. He has taught literature at Kenyatta University in Nairobi, Kenya, and at Yale University. “...and along all the roads of tears flowers raged, saying, with a smile: ‘Yes, comrade!’” Despite his stature as one of Angola’s most important contemporary writers. Manuel Rui’s prose has never before been translated into English. With the publication of Yes, Comrade!, the non-Portuguese reader will be introduced to this essential work of Angolan fiction that offers a stunning portrait of revolutionary Angola in the 1960s and 1970s. Fascinating and extremely intricate, Yes, Comrade! emerges as a telling fictional portrayal of an extremely complex political and cultural scenario.
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