This book will be of interest on a number of different levels. Most simply, it is a fascinating historical record of a pedagogical experience. . . . the Notebooks present the historian of economic thought, and those interested in the Austrian school in particular, with a number of intriguing, even frustrating puzzles. Peter Lewin, History of Economic Ideas . . . in all this volume provides a useful addition to our understanding of Carl Menger. The translation is very readable and the index is good. The Streisslers are to be commended for performing a real service to the scholarly community in editing and publishing this book. Karen I. Vaughn, Journal of the History of Economic Thought In 1876, Carl Menger, then a young professor at the University of Vienna, was asked to teach the principles of political economy to Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, the 17 year old only son of Emperor Francis Joseph, who was to die tragically before he could inherit the throne. Rudolf s recently discovered Notebooks of these lectures, corrected by Menger, are a fascinating record of what the founder of the Austrian marginalist school thought worth teaching to the heir presumptive of a great power. Without referring to his own theories, Menger delivered a course on the economics of Adam Smith as presented in the mainstream German textbooks of the time in such a way that the Notebooks can be viewed as a key document on classical economic liberalism, pure and unadulterated. They cast new light on Menger s own theoretical discoveries, his view of government and his interpretation of classical economics. In this important volume Rudolf s Notebooks are published for the first time both in German and an English translation. The editor s detailed introduction provides the historical and intellectual background to the Notebooks as well as a thorough analysis of classical economics and its treatment by Menger. The text is fully annotated in German and English with its surprising sources traced passage by passage.
In 1776, the US proclaimed its independence. It was not until 1817 that Austria's Emperor Franz I ordered the establishment of a Consulate in the US, which led to the arrival in 1820 of the first Consul in New York City. This book describes when, where, and why 53 Consulates of Austria (-Hungary) were established in the US from 1820 to the present. It describes the Consuls, their daily work, and challenges, including pan-Slavic activities before 1914. The book offers a glimpse at the living conditions of immigrants and migrant workers who came to the US from the Empire before World War I, reflecting the sentiment (1911) that "in no country the foreigner, and particularly the uneducated foreigner, is more in need of protection than in the United States." (Series: Forschungen zur Geschichte des osterreichischen Auswartigen Dienstes - Vol. 4)
Guidebook of 30 stunning day walks in the beautiful Salzkammergut lake district of Austria. Easy to get to from Linz and Salzburg, the area is studded with lakes and bristling with mountain peaks, and has a great range of waymarked trails, from lakeside strolls to challenging mountain walks. The routes in this book are within the capabilities of any reasonably fit walker, many are suitable for family hiking, and cablecars and lifts can often be used to make walks shorter or easier. Walks range from 6 to 16km and a simple grading system makes it easy to choose the right one. Walks are centred around a number of bases, such as Bad Ischl, Fuschl am See, St Gilgen, Ebensee, Bad Aussee, Gößl, and Hallstatt, and explore the mountains of the famous Dachstein and Totes Gebirge, and many of the area's beautiful lakes, including the Fuschlsee, Mondsee and Traunsee.
Given in 1916, when Europe was in the throes of World War I, these seven lectures present Rudolf Steiner's trenchant analysis of the malaise of our time. With wit and compassion, he vividly confronts us with the dead end to which materialism has brought modern civilization. Starting with a new look at the festival of Pentecost, Steiner shows how the chaos of his time "and ours "can be transcended by a shift or transformation of consciousness. Ranging over a wide variety of topics, he moves from a description of balance in life to a discussion of the twelve senses and their relationship to the cosmos, psychology, and art. In the process, he reveals the central importance of the development of Imagination. Contents: 1. The Immortality of the I 2. Blood and Nerves 3. The Twelve Human Senses 4. The Human Organism through the Incarnations 5. Balance in Life 6. The Feeling for Truth 7. Toward Imagination
This work builds on the foundation of the Popol Vuh, the document that retraces in mythical language the four ages, or stages of civilization, that all of America has undergone to some degree. It also moves from the Popol Vuh into later times through myths and legends of the Aztec and Iroquois. Myth and history are placed side by side in a scientific and imaginative approach that documents the correlation between pre-historical and historical periods and the spiritual events that ushered them in, as narrated in the myths and legends of North America. This approach reconciles Western analytical consciousness with the Native American language of myths and legends. All of this is placed first in the perspective of Maya spiritual tradition, and then from the perspective that the twentieth-century research of Rudolf Steiner brought to light, especially in relation to the events that took place in Central America two thousand years ago, about which only Rudolf Steiner has spoken. The first part of the work explores events of 2,000 years ago and their consequences in the onset of Maya civilization. The second part researches the rise of new spiritual influences around the time just before the arrival of Columbus in America. At the extremes of the spectrum, we find Aztec and Iroquois worldviews. Both cosmologies have links, subtle or obvious, with the Popol Vuh, whether continuing or reinterpreting its original message. This polarity carries momentous consequences for global social trends in modern world history. Spiritual Turning Points of North American History brings a fresh perspective to North American history and the meeting of European and First Nations worldviews.
During 1924, before his last address in September, Rudolf Steiner gave over eighty lectures on the subject of karma to members of the Anthroposophical Society. These profoundly esoteric lectures examine the underlying laws of reincarnation and karma, and explore in detail the incarnations of certain named historical figures. In Rudolf Steiner's words, the study of karma is '…a matter of penetrating into the most profound mysteries of existence, for within the sphere of karma and the course it takes lie those processes which are the basis of the other phenomena of world-existence...' In this second volume of the series, Rudolf Steiner considers individual karmic relationships in history - for example Marx and Engels - as well as surveying karma in human life, the shaping of karma after death, and the "cosmic form" of karma.
Today, Fuzzy Set Theory is the core discipline of so-called ‘soft’ computing, and provides new impetus for research in the field of artificial intelligence. In this fascinating book, the history of Fuzzy Set Theory and the ways it was first used are incorporated into the history of 20th century science and technology. Influences from philosophy, system theory and cybernetics stemming from the earliest part of the 20th century are considered alongside those of communication and control theory from mid-century.
18 lectures, Stuttgart, January 1-18, 1921 (CW 323) "So you see, the most important thing to me has been to call forth within you an experience of the harmony between the human constitution and the structure of the cosmos. If you've really been following thus far, you can't possibly regard this harmony as a sin against the spirit of science" -- Rudolf Steiner (Jan. 16, 1921) What is the relationship between the human being and the world of the stars? Can we comprehend the structure and movement of celestial bodies solely through advanced mathematics, or is there in reality a point beyond which mathematical functions no longer apply? Can we, in fact, transcend the limits of three-dimensional space through our thinking? In eighteen lively lectures from the beginning of 1921, Rudolf Steiner dives deeply and courageously, though carefully, into these and other profound questions. His conclusions and indications for further research are at once fascinating, stimulating, and quite possibly revolutionary in their implications. The subject of these lectures is not astronomy, broadly considered, but the relationship of astronomy to the other fields of natural science. As he does elsewhere, Steiner maintains that the rigid specialization so prevalent in scientific endeavors will not bring us any closer to an integrated, singularly comprehensible understanding of the reality of our world. In particular, a true grasp of the workings of the universe will not be possible until its mirror, the study of human embryology, is recognized as such and penetrated with this reflective relationship in mind. Steiner once again shows himself to be both an utterly unique and masterful commentator on scientific and intellectual history, as well as a living light, shining a possible forward path for human progress and self-knowledge. This volume is a translation from German of Das Verhältnis der verschiedenen naturwissenschaftlichen Gebiete zur Astronomie: Dritter naturwissenschaftlicher Kurs: Himmelskunde in Beziehung zum Menschen und zur Menschenkunde (GA 323, 2nd ed.), Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach, Switzerland, 1983.
A guidebook to a selection of 17 walks and short treks (of 2–7 days) in the Dinaric Alps of Montenegro. Routes are graded by difficulty and range from short easy strolls of under 2 hours to strenuous mountain traverses, sometimes involving scrambling and exposed sections. Walks range from 2 to 14km and can be enjoyed in 1–5 hours. Treks range from 14 to 44km. The routes cover Orjen, Lovcén, Lake Skadar, Durmitor, Bjelasica, Komovi, Kucka Krajina (Žijevo), Visitor and Prokletije, with variants and extensions included so that you can tailor your walk or trek to suit your group’s ability and timescale. clear route description illustrated with sketch mapping comprehensive information on accommodation and facilities, water sources, transport and maps advice on planning and preparation, including recommended kitlist language glossary background information on Montenegro’s geology, plants and wildlife and rich history
Although these lectures were given during 1916, they have much to teach us about the political spin, media distortions, propaganda and downright lies we encounter on a daily basis in public life. Rudolf Steiner's calm and methodological approach penetrates the smokescreen of accusations and counterclaims, of illusion and untruth, surrounding the Great War. Hiding behind this fog, and under the guise of outer events, he reveals the true spiritual struggle that is taking place. His words give a deeper understanding of the politics and world conflicts that confront us today through the filter of the media.In the midst of the turmoil of the First World War, Steiner speaks out courageously against the hatred and untruthfulness in the propaganda of the time. From his detailed research into the spiritual impulses of human evolution, he describes the dominant role secret brotherhoods played in the events culminating in the cataclysmic war, and warns that the retarding forces of nationalism must be overcome if Europe is to find its new destiny. He also emphasizes the urgent need for new social structures if further catastrophes are to be avoided.At a time when political events throughout the world are moving with breathless rapidity, the reader will find much in these lectures that will illuminate what lies behind the symptoms of our turbulent times.This new edition, reproduced in a larger format, is put in a modern context and introduced by Terry Boardman.
13 lectures, Dornach and Basel, December 4-31, 1916 (CW 173) Although these lectures were given in 1916, they have much to teach us about today's political spin, media distortions, propaganda and downright lies--all delivered by the media on a daily basis. Rudolf Steiner's calm, methodological approach penetrates the smokescreen of accusations and counterclaims, illusions and lies, surrounding World War I. From behind this fog and under the guise of outer events, the true spiritual struggle is revealed. Steiner's words give the reader a deeper understanding of the politics and world conflicts that confront us today through the filter of popular media. Amid the turmoil of World War I, Steiner spoke out courageously against the hate, lies, and propaganda of the time. His detailed research into the spiritual impulses of human evolution allowed him to reveal the dominant role that secret brotherhoods played in events that culminated in that cataclysmic war. He warned that the retarding forces of nationalism must be overcome before Europe can find its true destiny. He also emphasized the urgent need for new social structures in order to avoid such future catastrophes. Political and social changes around the world are moving at a breathless pace, hurtling us all toward an uncertain future. These lectures illuminate much of what lies behind today's turbulent events and the scenes played out on the nightly news. This new edition, reproduced in a larger format, is put in a modern context and introduced by Terry Boardman. This volume is a translation from German of Zeitgeschichtliche Betrachtungen. Das Karma der Unwahrhaftigkeit - Erster Teil. Kosmische und Menschliche Geschichte Band IV (GA 173).
Recent research has revised earlier views about the role of veterans of World War One in paramilitary formations, radical nationalism and political extremism in inter-war Europe, yet there remain considerable gaps in our understanding of the role they played in the ‘successor states’ of the Habsburg Empire. Vanquished and Victorious provides an innovative comparative investigation of veterans in Austria and Czechoslovakia, two states whose wider political development was of crucial importance to the question of stability in Central Europe after 1918. While differing in terms of how successfully veterans reintegrated into post-war society, this volume shows that both countries incorporated elements of ‘cultures of victory and defeat’.
First Published in 1998. Federalism became highly fashionable among all kind of blue-printers, those who believed in the capacity of constitutional forms to solve all the fundamental issues of social life, as well as those who were on the look-out for new descriptions for rather old-fashioned political concepts just before World War II. This volume if a more thorough study of the problem s of Federalism in Central and Eastern Europe. Contribute to the study of these problems as an analysis of the problems of democratic devolution arising from variety in social and cultural outlook, and of the limits within which such variety might be integrated by federal organisation.
Guidebook to walking Slovenia's Juliana Trial. This long-distance 20-day trek covers some of the lesser known routes in Slovenia's Julian Alps and Triglav National Park. The book covers the 330km route with details on public transport, accommodation and available facilities.
With these fundamental lectures on speech eurythmy – given just months after his course entitled ‘Eurythmy as Visible Singing’ – Rudolf Steiner completed the foundations of the new art of movement. In connecting to the centuries-old esoteric and exoteric Western traditions of ‘the Word’ – the creative power in the sounds of the divine-human alphabet – he gave it concrete form and expression in the performing arts, education and therapy. Although aimed primarily at the professional concerns of eurythmists who perform, teach or work as therapists, the lectures offer a wealth of suggestions and insights to anyone interested in the arts. For this new edition – freshly translated by Matthew Barton and introduced by Coralee Frederickson – the original shorthand transcripts have been compared exhaustively with typed records and the notes of course participants. These notes included numerous sketches of movements, gestures and choreographies, many of which have been reproduced here to complement the text. Also featured is an appendix comprising facsimiles and transcripts of Rudolf Steiner’s preparatory notes, programmes of the eurythmy performances given during the course, and accounts by Steiner published in the Society Newsletter. Finally, there are recollections by course participants, additional sketches of forms and movements, Marie Steiner’s original foreword, and 30 pages of colour plates featuring blackboard drawings and eurythmy forms. New revised and expanded edition; Trans. by M. Barton; Intro. by C. Frederickson (Fifteen lectures, Dornach, Jun.-July 1924, GA 279); 512pp + 32pp colour plates; 23.5 x 15.5 cm
First published in 1998. This is volume IV of the library of Sociology 18 volume series on Political Sociology. This book is concerned with a particular type of social organisation and a particular stage in the development of certain countries, in central Europe.
In a radical approach to understanding current affairs and history, Rudolf Steiner presents a method of penetrating to the hidden causes and realities that lie behind outer appearances. Contemporary life cannot fully be understood by an analysis that is restricted to external events, he says. Deeper levels of meaning are revealed when one begins to view such events as symptoms. The causes of these symptoms – the reality behind them – are to be discovered on other levels of existence. Steiner demonstrates such a ‘symptomatological’ approach in these lectures, surveying some of the great developments in consciousness that have helped form the world over the last centuries. He examines the role of true socialism, the rise of nationalism, and characterises contrasting approaches to religion by drawing a distinction between ‘the People of the Christ’ in Russia, ‘the People of the Church’ in Central Europe, and ‘the People of the Lodges’ in the West. Amongst the wealth of material covered here, Rudolf Steiner discusses ‘the mystery of evil’ and ‘the mystery of death’, the birth of the consciousness soul, the significance of the scientific mode of thought, the metaphysical element in the study of history, as well as specific events such as the Russian Revolution and the suppression of the Knights Templar. He also reviews the circumstances surrounding the publication of new editions of his books The Philosophy of Freedom and Goethe’s World View. Anyone seeking a more profound understanding of our times will find a firm basis for a meaningful exploration in this course of lectures. 9 lectures, Dornach, Oct.–Nov. 1918, GA 185
This book will be of interest on a number of different levels. Most simply, it is a fascinating historical record of a pedagogical experience. . . . the Notebooks present the historian of economic thought, and those interested in the Austrian school in particular, with a number of intriguing, even frustrating puzzles. Peter Lewin, History of Economic Ideas . . . in all this volume provides a useful addition to our understanding of Carl Menger. The translation is very readable and the index is good. The Streisslers are to be commended for performing a real service to the scholarly community in editing and publishing this book. Karen I. Vaughn, Journal of the History of Economic Thought In 1876, Carl Menger, then a young professor at the University of Vienna, was asked to teach the principles of political economy to Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, the 17 year old only son of Emperor Francis Joseph, who was to die tragically before he could inherit the throne. Rudolf s recently discovered Notebooks of these lectures, corrected by Menger, are a fascinating record of what the founder of the Austrian marginalist school thought worth teaching to the heir presumptive of a great power. Without referring to his own theories, Menger delivered a course on the economics of Adam Smith as presented in the mainstream German textbooks of the time in such a way that the Notebooks can be viewed as a key document on classical economic liberalism, pure and unadulterated. They cast new light on Menger s own theoretical discoveries, his view of government and his interpretation of classical economics. In this important volume Rudolf s Notebooks are published for the first time both in German and an English translation. The editor s detailed introduction provides the historical and intellectual background to the Notebooks as well as a thorough analysis of classical economics and its treatment by Menger. The text is fully annotated in German and English with its surprising sources traced passage by passage.
10 lectures, Dornach & Stuttgart, Apr. 23 - Aug. 17, 1919 (CW 296, 192, 330/331) These illuminating lectures were given one month before the opening of the first Waldorf school, located in Stuttgart, following two years of intense preoccupation with the social situation in Germany as World War I ended and society sought to rebuild itself. Well aware of the dangerous tendencies present in modern culture that undermine a true social life--psychic torpor and boredom, universal mechanization, and growing cynicism--Steiner recognized that any solution for society must address not only economic and legal issues but also that of a free spiritual life. Steiner also saw the need to properly nurture in children the virtues of imitation, reverence, and love at the appropriate stages of development in order to create mature adults who are inwardly prepared to fulfill the demands of a truly healthy society--adults who are able to assume the responsibilities of freedom, equality, and brotherhood. Relating these themes to an understanding of the human as a threefold being of thought, feeling, and volition, and against the background of historical forces at work in human consciousness, Steiner lays the ground for a profound revolution in the ways we think about education. Also included here are three lectures on the social basis of education, a lecture to public school teachers, and a lecture to the workers of the Waldorf Astoria Cigarette Company, after which they asked him to form a school for their children. German sources: Die Erziehungsfrage als soziale Frage (GA 296); lectures 4, 5, and 6, the "Volkspädagogik" lectures in Geisteswissenschaftliche Behandlung sozialer und pädagogischer Fragen (GA 192); lectures 2 and 11, Neugestaltung des sozialen Organismus (GA 330-331).
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