This book deals with infectious diseases -- viral, bacterial, protozoan and helminth -- in terms of the dynamics of their interaction with host populations. The book combines mathematical models with extensive use of epidemiological and other data. This analytic framework is highly useful for the evaluation of public health strategies aimed at controlling or eradicating particular infections. Such a framework is increasingly important in light of the widespread concern for primary health care programs aimed at such diseases as measles, malaria, river blindness, sleeping sickness, and schistosomiasis, and the advent of AIDS/HIV and other emerging viruses. Throughout the book, the mathematics is used as a tool for thinking clearly about fundamental and applied problems having to do with infectious diseases. The book is divided into two parts, one dealing with microparasites (viruses, bacteria and protozoans) and the other with macroparasites (helminths and parasitic arthropods). Each part begins with simple models, developed in a biologically intuitive way, and then goes on to develop more complicated and realistic models as tools for public health planning. The book synthesizes previous work in this rapidly growing field (much of which is scattered between the ecological and the medical literature) with a good deal of new material.
Since the beginning of this century there has been a growing interest in the study of the epidemiology and population dynamics of infectious disease agents. Mathematical and statistical methods have played an important role in the development of this field and a large, and sophisticated, literature exists which is concerned with the theory of epidemiological processes in popu lations and the dynamics of epidemie and endemie disease phenomena. Much ofthis literature is, however, rather formal and abstract in character, and the field has tended to become rather detached from its empirical base. Relatively little of the literature, for example, deals with the practical issues which are of major concern to public health workers. Encouragingly, in recent years there are signs of an increased awareness amongst theoreticians of the need to confront predictions with observed epidemiological trends, and to pay elose attention to the biological details of the interaction between host and disease agent. This trend has in part been stimulated by the early work of Ross and Macdonald, on the transmission dynamics of tropical parasitic infections, but a further impetus has been the recent advances made by ecologists in blending theory and observation in the study of plant and animal populations.
The workbook is organized by the four sessions of the web workshop: Session 1: Introduction to the workshop D1: Define Business Outcomes D6: Document Results Intersession Assignments Session 2: D2: Design the Complete Experience D3: Deliver for Application Intersession Assignments Session 3: D4: Drive Learning Transfer D5: Deploy Performance Support Action Planning Intersession Assignments Session 4: Achievement Stories Recap Plans to Sustain Progress
The purpose of the workbook is to provide participants with a place to record their notes and the results of exercises as the workshop progresses. It is also intended to serve as a useful reference following the workshop, something people will keep on their bookshelves and use. The workbook is organized by the six disciplines. Each section contains introductory material and exercises that utilize tools or checklists. Introduction to the workshop D1: Define Business Outcomes D2: Design the Complete Experience D3: Deliver for Application D4: Drive Learning Transfer D5: Deploy Performance Support D6: Document Results Conclusion and Action Planning
Through extensive interviews, correspondence, and close analysis of their public and personal writing, Roy F. Fox details why and how writing helped people make sense out of their physical and emotional upheavals, trauma caused by the loss of loved ones and terminal illness, exploring such issues as their motivation, fluency, awareness of audience, rhetorical decision-making, focused collaborations, and uses of secondary source material.
Mathematical models are playing an increasing role in the design and optimization of control programs for many infectious diseases. In the case of Ascaris lumbricoides, there is a long history of models to understand the biology and epidemiology and to design control programs. We outline the key insights which models have given on the dynamics of Ascaris transmission, describe the model structures and discuss how current and future models are informing the design of control programs in the era of both increased access to donate drugs and new statistical techniques to validate these models against reinfection data. We show how the “bounce-back” time following a treatment round, when infection levels monotonically increase to baseline levels, are driven by the life expectancy of the parasite and the basic reproductive number. We also show that the effect of treatment in subsets of the population, for example school children, depends on the extent to which different subpopulations interact with the egg output of the treated group. We discuss the outstanding policy questions which models can be used to answer and the data and model development required to address them.
Bacteria and Intracellularity clearly demonstrates that cellular microbiology as a field has reached maturity, extending beyond the strictly cellular level to infections of various organs and tissues. Decades of intense investigation into host-bacterial pathogen interactions have highlighted common concepts in intracellularity but also very diverse mechanisms underlying the various infections produced by bacteria. This book offers a wide-ranging look at the latest studies, including: foodborne pathogens, including how, when, and where bacteria interact with the gut and its microbiota infections of the urogenital tract, endothelial barriers, and the nervous system major advances in work with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae subcellular microbiology, including metabolism of infected cells, nuclear biology, and microRNAs endosymbionts, in particular the latest work with Wolbachia and its effect on insect transmission of viral pathogens research into cell autonomous defense pathways that has led to major insights into immunology and innate immunity the latest developments in technology, for the next steps in the study of intracellularity All facets of cellular physiology, within the entire scope of cells and host tissues, can be targeted by pathogens. This book offers to researchers, students, and laboratorians a valuable overview of the state of current research into the cellular microbiology of host-pathogen interactions.
Human Performance provides the student and researcher with a comprehensive and accessible review of performance, in the real world and essential cognitive science theory. Four main sections cover both theoretical and practical issues: Section One outlines the perspectives on performance offered by contemporary cognitive science, including information processing and neuroscience perspectives. Section Two presents a multi-level view of the performer as biological organism, information-processor and intentional agent. It reviews the development of the cognitive theory of performance through experimental studies and also looks at practical issues such as human error. Section Three reviews the impact of stress factors such as noise, fatigue and illness on performance. Section Four assesses individual and group differences in performance with accounts of ability, personality and aging.
Teaching the Arts: Early Childhood and Primary Education offers a comprehensive and exciting introduction to Arts education in Australia and New Zealand. In this second edition, each chapter encourages readers to engage with the Arts and provides students with opportunities to develop their understanding and practical skills through reflective questions, examples and activities. Updated content includes: • significant extensions to each chapter, reflecting the five art forms of dance, drama, media, music and visual art • additional practical activities • alignment with current research and theory • extended online resources, including PowerPoint slides for lecturers. Teaching the Arts, Second Edition draws important links to the finalised Australian Curriculum: The Arts, the New Zealand Curriculum, the Early Years Learning Framework and Te Whāriki, and includes substantial references to Indigenous histories and cultures, relationships with Asia and sustainability. Generously illustrated and supported by excellent online resources, Teaching the Arts, Second Edition is an indispensable resource for pre-service teachers.
The Unborn Child is essential reading for parents, potential parents and grandparents, as well as professionals with responsibility for children, and bringing babies into the world. This book describes prenatal and perinatal development, considering the legacy of health from both parents and grandparents. It explores the effects of the mother's mental and physical state during pregnancy, on the physiology and psychology of her expected child. The earlier in a child's development, beginning paradoxically before conception, that the wisdom of experience and science is applied, the greater the chances of a child's mental and physical health for life. Understanding these issues offers a way of healing early problems that contribute to such disorders as depression or compulsive behaviour. Here are invaluable guidelines towards generating children with their full genetic potential for basic health and emotional stability. This fascinating book is rooted in the experience of both authors, complete with authoritative case studies and scientific references. It has been extensively updated and restructured by the author, who has added entirely new material on nutrition from before conception.
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