This book presents a polemical account of the historical development of the neoliberal imagination. Inspired by the thought of Frederic Jameson, Bernard Stiegler, and Timothy Morton, it argues that the evolution of virtual and information technologies has transformed the ideological imaginary of capitalism. Owing to the inseparability of the process of commodification from developments in the sphere of media technology – particularly the rise of the digital networks through which information is processed and disseminated – the aesthetic forms of the neoliberal imaginary are not external to the accelerated productivity and adaptability of human beings. Rather, they are essential both to the vision of progress that informs the technoscientific organization of capitalist society and to the practical formation of ‘the self’ that takes place within its networks. A snapshot of the evolving ‘world picture’ that is formed in the neoliberal imagination as articulated in its particular regime of capitalization, The Neoliberal Imagination will appeal to scholars of social theory and social philosophy with interests in neoliberalism.
Alan Ross (1922-2001) - distinguished poet, travel writer, and editor of London Magazine - also managed to excel in the role of cricket correspondent for the Observer, in which capacity he followed England/MCC on tours of Australia, South Africa and the West Indies. In the book-length accounts he published of these tours, his lifelong love of the game found glorious expression. Australia 55 offers Ross's perspectives on the battle for the Ashes, the visiting side led by Len Hutton, and Ross's own vivid first impressions of the host country. 'The massive fluctuations of the series - England, overwhelmed in Brisbane, won in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide to retain the Ashes - engaged [Ross's] interest; his fascination with Len Hutton, a 'lonely figure struck down by as many disasters as any overworked hero in Greek mythology', deepened...' Gideon Haigh, Cricinfo
Harlequin® Heartwarming celebrates wholesome, heartfelt relationships that focus on home, family, community and love. Experience all that and more with four new novels in one collection! This Harlequin Heartwarming box set includes: BUILDING A SURPRISE FAMILY Butterfly Harbor Stories by USA TODAY bestselling author Anna J. Stewart Being nicknamed Butterfly Harbor's most eligible bachelor has taken Ozzy Lakeman by surprise! But he’s more surprised by the town newcomer and single mom-to-be, Jo Bertoletti, a woman he can't get off his mind…or out of his heart. THE SECRET SANTA PROJECT Seasons of Alaska by USA TODAY bestselling author Carol Ross Travel blogger Hazel James has scheduled her holiday at an unexpected but much-needed locale—home. Major disruption to her peaceful Christmas: Cricket Blackburn, her brother’s best friend and the love of her life she can’t quite seem to get over. STEALING HER BEST FRIEND’S HEART The Golden Matchmakers Club By USA TODAY bestselling author Tara Randel Heidi Welch wants the house Reid Masterson intends to flip for a profit, which puts it out of her price range. Will they make a deal or take a chance on a friendship that has grown into love? A COWBOY’S HOMECOMING Kansas Cowboys by USA TODAY bestselling author Leigh Riker Rancher and widowed single mother Kate Lancaster needed help. But she’d never accept it from Noah Bodine—the man she was drawn to…and the man she blames for her husband’s death. Look for 4 compelling new stories every month from Harlequin® Heartwarming!
I use the wall as the tapestry to weave together times throughout history. Carruthers informed me. We are, after all, connected. Don’t you think? By the gentle sweeping of a grandfather clock’s pendulum, Christmas returns each year to provide us with some of our happiest, and saddest, memories—the winter holidays binding people together in seemingly inexplicable ways, even when the threads are at their thinnest. Seawater creeps inside an overturned car as its trapped occupant shivers; a father sees his son for the first time in years; an anxious bride awaits her soldier’s homecoming; snow is wiped from the names on a tombstone; a dog learns the mystery of the universe; a hot-air balloon sails with a well-known nun accompanying a curmudgeon; an abandoned house feels its cobwebs pushed back by a familiar hand; a young man kneels before the love of his life. Tie these pieces together as you sit back in your favourite armchair with a mug of cocoa, or cozy up under a blanket by the fire, and ski all the way to the Guggenheim. A dog or cat by your side is - optional...but highly recommended.
Alan Ross (1922-2001) - distinguished poet, travel writer, and editor of London Magazine - also managed to excel in the role of cricket correspondent for the Observer, in which capacity he followed England/MCC on tours of Australia, South Africa and the West Indies. In the book-length accounts he published of these tours, his lifelong love of the game found glorious expression. Cape Summer and the Australians in England (1957) treats the 1956 Ashes series, memorable above all for the bowling performance of Jim Laker; and the following winter's MCC tour to apartheid South Africa, where one of England's strongest ever sides had an unexpectedly tough contest and where, as ever, Ross's discerning eye and finessing pen were alive to dimensions of the game beyond the boundary rope.
In the decades it takes to bring up a child, parents face challenges that are both helped and hindered by the fact that they are living through a period of unprecedented digital innovation. In Parenting for a Digital Future, Sonia Livingstone and Alicia Blum-Ross draw on extensive and diverse qualitative and quantitative research with a range of parents in the UK to reveal how digital technologies characterize parenting in late modernity, as parents determine how to forge new territory with little precedent or support. They chart how parents often enact authority and values through digital technologies since "screen time," games, and social media have become both ways of being together and of setting boundaries. Parenting for a Digital Future moves beyond the panicky headlines to offer a deeply researched exploration of what it means to parent in a period of significant social and technological change.
A grab bag of historic spleens, chins, and more, this is your ultimate literary dissection of body parts throughout history! From famous craniums to prominent breasts, ancient spleens and bound feet, this book will bring history to life in a whole new way. With their inimitable wit and probing intelligence, authors Kathy and Ross Petras look at the role the human body has played throughout history as each individual part becomes a jumping-off point for a wider look at the times. In far-ranging, quirky-yet-interrelated stories, learn about Charles II of Spain's jaw and the repercussions of inbreeding, what Anne Boleyn's heart says about the Crusades and the trend of dispersed burials, and what can be learned about the Aztecs through Moctezuma's pierced lip. A History of the World Through Body Parts is packed with fascinating little-known historical facts and anecdotes that will entertain, enlighten, and delight even the most well-read history buff. BESTSELLING AUTHORS: Kathy and Ross Petras have authored the New York Times bestseller You're Saying It Wrong and the hit calendar The 365 Stupidest Things Ever Said, now in its 24th year with over 4.8 million copies sold! ENGAGING CONTENT: Packed with rich material told with a lively and humorous voice, take a trip through history in this unique, exciting way. QUIRKY HISTORY FANS REJOICE!: For fans of The Disappearing Spoon, Wicked Plants, The Violinist's Thumb, The Sawbones Book and Strange Histories! Perfect for: • History buffs and pop history fans • Father's Day, birthday, and holiday shoppers
National Parks - 'America's Best Idea' - were from the first seen as sacred sites embodying the God-given specialness of American people and American land, and from the first they were also marked as tourist attractions. The inherent tensions between these two realities ensured the parks would be stages where the country's conflicting values would be performed and contested. As pilgrimage sites embody the values and beliefs of those who are drawn to them, so Americans could travel to these sacred places to honor, experience, and be restored by the powers that had created the American land and the American enterprise. This book explores the importance of the discourse of nature in American culture, arguing that the attributes and symbolic power that had first been associated with the 'new world' and then the 'frontier' were embodied in the National Parks. Author Ross-Bryant focuses on National Parks as pilgrimage sites around which a discourse of nature developed and argues the centrality of religion in understanding the dynamics of both the language and the ritual manifestations related to National Parks. Beyond the specific contribution to a richer analysis of the National Parks and their role in understanding nature and religion in the U.S., this volume contributes to the emerging field of 'religion and the environment,' larger issues in the study of religion (e.g. cultural events and the spatial element in meaning-making), and the study of non-institutional religion.
In today’s challenging health care environment, health care organizations are faced with improving patient outcomes, redesigning business processes, and executing quality and risk management initiatives. Health Care Quality Management offers an introduction to the field and practice of quality management and reveals the best practices and strategies health care organizations can adopt to improve patient outcomes and program quality. Filled with illustrative case studies that show how business processes can be restructured to achieve improvements in quality, risk reduction, and other key business results and outcomes Clearly demonstrates how to effectively use process analysis tools to identify issues and causes, select corrective actions, and monitor implemented solutions Includes vital information on the use of statistical process control to monitor system performance (variables) and outcomes (attributes) Also contains multiple data sets that can be used to practice the skills and tools discussed and reviews examples of where and how the tools have been applied in health care Provides information on root cause analysis and failure mode effects analysis and offers, as discussion, the clinical tools and applications that are used to improve patient care By emphasizing the tools of statistics and information technology, this book teaches future health care professionals how to identify opportunities for quality improvement and use the tools to make those improvements.
In 1856, in an opera house in Roseville, Illinois, Susan B. Anthony called for the supporters of woman suffrage to stand. The only person to rise was eight-year-old Emma Smith. And she continued to take a stand for the rest of her life. As a leader in the suffrage movement, Emma Smith DeVoe stumped across the country organizing for the cause, raising money, and helping make the West central to achieving the vote for women. DeVoe used her feminine style to great advantage in the campaign for the vote. Rather than promoting public rallies, she encouraged women to put their energies toward influencing the votes of their fathers, brothers, and husbands. Known as the still-hunt strategy, this approach was highly successful and helped win the vote for women in Washington State in 1910. Winning the West for Women demonstrates the importance of the West in the national suffrage movement. It reveals the central role played by the National Council of Women Voters, whose members were predominantly western women, in securing the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. Winning the West for Women also tells a larger story of dissension and discord within the suffrage movement. Though ladylike in her courtship of male support for the cause, DeVoe often clashed with other activists who disagreed with her tactics or doubted her commitment to the movement. This fascinating biography describes the real experiences of women and their relationships as they struggled to win the right to vote. Watch the book trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPLnFiZBHug
Circulation and Urbanization is a foundational investigation into the history of the urban. Moving beyond both canonical and empirical portrayals, the book approaches the urban through a genealogy of circulation – a concept central to Western political thought and its modes of spatial planning. Locating architectural knowledge in a wider network of political history, legal theory, geography, sociology and critical theory, and drawing on maritime, territorial and colonial histories, Adams contends that the urban arose in the nineteenth century as an anonymous, parallel project of the emergent liberal nation state. More than a reflection of this state form or the product of the capitalist relations it fostered, the urban is instead a primary instrument for both: at once means and ends. Combining analytical precision with interdisciplinary insights, this book offers an astonishing new set of propositions for revisiting a familiar, yet increasingly urgent, topic. It is a vital resource for all students and scholars of architecture and urban studies. This book is part of the Society and Space series, which explores the fascinating relationship between the spatial and the social. These stimulating, provocative books draw on a range of theories to examine key cultural and political issues of our times, including technology, globalisation and migration.
Introductory Biomechanics is a new, integrated text written specifically for engineering students. It provides a broad overview of this important branch of the rapidly growing field of bioengineering. A wide selection of topics is presented, ranging from the mechanics of single cells to the dynamics of human movement. No prior biological knowledge is assumed and in each chapter, the relevant anatomy and physiology are first described. The biological system is then analyzed from a mechanical viewpoint by reducing it to its essential elements, using the laws of mechanics and then tying mechanical insights back to biological function. This integrated approach provides students with a deeper understanding of both the mechanics and the biology than from qualitative study alone. The text is supported by a wealth of illustrations, tables and examples, a large selection of suitable problems and hundreds of current references, making it an essential textbook for any biomechanics course.
Memories of J. Ross Tennant and a Genealogy of the Family Originated by Richard Tennant of Glasgow, Scotland (Vol. 4) This is Volume 4 of a lengthy family genealogical study, tracing the Tennant family back to Richard Tennant of Glasgow, Scotland.
Under Corporate Skies is about what happens to communities when they stand in the way of corporate profits. It is the story of a tiny town pitted against a strong corporate neighbour. With the help of international campaigner, Erin Brockovich, the small town of Yarloop in Western Australia is preparing a civil class action against Alcoa World Alumina. The struggle is over social, health and environmental concerns surrounding Alcoa's Wagerup alumina refinery. This story will resonate with national and international communities facing similar clashes amidst ongoing industrialisation. As we live under expanding corporate skies, this book shows that profits matter, but not more than people and place.
No matter what cases private eye Lew Archer takes on—a burglary, a runaway, or a disappeared person—the trail always leads to tangled family secrets and murder. Widely considered the heir to Sam Spade and Philip Marlowe, Archer dug up secrets and bodies in and around Los Angeles. Here, The Archer Files collects all the Lew Archer short stories ever published, along with thirteen unpublished “case notes” and a fascinating biographical profile of Archer by Edgar Award finalist Tom Nolan. Ross Macdonald’s signature staccato prose is the real star throughout this collection, which is both a perfect introduction for the newcomer and a must-have for the Macdonald aficionado.
A compendium of 100 words and phrases smart people use--even if they only kinda sorta (secretly don't) know what they mean--with pithy definitions and fascinating etymologies to solidify their meanings. Your boss makes a joke about Schrodinger's cat--which is something you've heard of but you're a little vague about what exactly happened (or didn't happen) with that cat. Or you're reading a New Yorker article that explains that "Solecism slipped into solipsism into full-blown narcissistic project." An excellent point . . . if you're sure what "solecism" means . . . or, for that matter, "solipsism." Language gurus Ross Petras and Kathryn Petras to the rescue! In the breezy and entertaining yet informative style of their New York Times bestseller You're Saying It Wrong, they give you a brief rundown on words smart people should know--from the worlds of science and the arts to philosophy, and from broader topics like quantum physics and ontology to more specific ones like Plato's cave and trompe l'oeil. They cover the Latin phrases we hear and read (prima facie, sui generis, and the like) as well as those that have entered our vocabularies from other languages (bildungsroman, sturm und drang). These are the words that, if you were asked directly, "What does this mean?" you might hem and haw and try to change the subject. After reading this book, you won't have to.
In this important revisionist study, Posnock integrates literary and psychological criticism with social and cultural theory to make a major advance in our understanding of the life and thought of two great American figures, Henry and William James. Challenging canonical images of both brothers, Posnock is the first to place them in a rich web of cultural and intellectual affiliations comprised of a host of American and European theorists of modernity. A startling new Henry James emerges from a cross - disciplinary dialogue, which features Veblen, Suntan, Bourn, and Dewey, as well as Weber, Simmer, Benjamin, and Adorn. While contributing to current debates about the responsibility of the intellectual, Posnock's work will fascinate the general reader as well as literary and cultural critics and historians.
Social-Ecological Resilience and Sustainability by Shelley Ross Saxer and Jonathan Rosenbloom is designed to help students understand and address new, changing, and complex economic, environmental, and social systems. This book introduces resilience and sustainability as analytical frameworks and illustrates how these concepts apply in various contexts: water, food, shelter/land use, energy, natural resources, pollution, disaster law, and climate change. The first two chapters (Part I) provide students with a conceptual foundation to explore the interdisciplinary nature of resilience and sustainability and the meanings of, complexities embedded in, and the overlap and differences between these frameworks. Each of the remaining eight chapters (Part II) views resilience and sustainability in a specific law and policy context. Strategically placed throughout Part II, the authors describe eight useful tools — “Strategies to Facilitate Implementation”—to help identify, assess, integrate, or utilize resilience and sustainability as analytical frameworks. Key Features: A two-part approach that first provides students with a conceptual foundation and then allows students to view resilience and sustainability in eight law and policy contexts (described above) Numerous graphics throughout to illustrate concepts, depict events described, and otherwise enliven the content Case studies that examine human decisions that led to unsustainable and non-resilient systems and societies New and innovative ways to explain complex systems and in turn rethink traditional notions of law and policy
At times Winterowd is playful, and at other times he's the mordantly cynical critic--of the academy, of academicians, and of society in general. His attitudes are leavened by wit, and his insights are never mundane. ATTITUDES is for anyone who has become jaded by the gray monotone of much writing in our profession.
Although many opera dictionaries and encyclopedias are available, very few are devoted exclusively to operas in a single language. In this revised and expanded edition of Operas in English: A Dictionary, Margaret Ross Griffel brings up to date her original work on operas written specifically to an English text (including works both originally prepared in English, as well as English translations). Since its original publication in 1999, Griffel has added nearly 800 entries to the 4,300 from the original volume, covering the world of opera in the English language from 1634 through 2011. Listed alphabetically by letter, each opera entry includes alternative titles, if any; a full, descriptive title; the number of acts; the composer’s name; the librettist’s name, the original language of the libretto, and the original source of the text, with the source title; the date, place, and cast of the first performance; the date of composition, if it occurred substantially earlier than the premiere date; similar information for the first U.S. (including colonial) and British (i.e., in England, Scotland, or Wales) performances, where applicable; a brief plot summary; the main characters (names and vocal ranges, where known); some of the especially noteworthy numbers cited by name; comments on special musical problems, techniques, or other significant aspects; and other settings of the text, including non-English ones, and/or other operas involving the same story or characters (cross references are indicated by asterisks). Entries also include such information as first and critical editions of the score and libretto; a bibliography, ranging from scholarly studies to more informal journal articles and reviews; a discography; and information on video recordings. Griffel also includes four appendixes, a selective bibliography, and two indexes. The first appendix lists composers, their places and years of birth and death, and their operas included in the text as entries; the second does the same for librettists; the third records authors whose works inspired or were adapted for the librettos; and the fourth comprises a chronological listing of the A–Z entries, including as well as the date of first performance, the city of the premiere, the short title of the opera, and the composer. Griffel also include a main character index and an index of singers, conductors, producers, and other key figures.
History of start of the fight against IR35. (Based on the second edition and parts 1-3 of Freedom to Freelance) Part 1 - Forming the PCG -the original formation of the PCG following the announcement of IR35 Part 2 - The Parliamentary Battle - the initial Parliamentary battle in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords Part 3 - Judicial Review - how we raised the money and took the Government to the High Court for a judicial review hearing over IR35 It is not the full story you need to read all eight parts for that. It has proved hard to find any division, but this is the clearest place to divide it as it was the first phase in the development of the PCG when the movement was very much united and I think it is the part that interests people the most. Parts 4 - 8 (in the next edition) deal with what followed after the judicial review hearing and I think are even more interesting and that edition follows this one.
In recent years there has been an explosion of interest in local food systems-among policy makers, planners, and public health professionals, as well as environmentalists, community developers, academics, farmers, and ordinary citizens. While most local food systems share common characteristics, the chapters in this book explore the unique challenges and opportunities of local food systems located within mature and/or declining industrial regions. Local food systems have the potential to provide residents with a supply of safe and nutritious food; such systems also have the potential to create much-needed employment opportunities. However, challenges are numerous and include developing local markets of a sufficient scale, adequately matching supply and demand, and meeting the environmental challenges of finding safe growing locations. Interrogating the scale, scope, and economic context of local food systems in aging industrialized cities, this book provides a foundation for the development of new sub-fields in economic, urban, and agricultural geographies that focus on local food systems. The book represents a first attempt to provide a systematic picture of the opportunities and challenges facing the development of local food systems in old industrial regions.
How could something so powerful, so valuable to the Jewish people just drop off the face of the earth without a trace? How could it just vanish from the pages of history for over 2,500 years? It was something that was the main focal point of the Jewish faith. It was the Mercy Seat of God, where God would come down to Earth, where only the High Priest was allowed to come into God's presence. This most Holy of holies just vanished from the Temple where it was supposed to be secure. How could that happen without even a clue? thought Dr. Lucas Da'vid, a Biblical history professor at a small Southern college. Little did he know that soon he would be leading a crusade to return the lost Ark of the Covenant to its rightful place in the Holy City of Jerusalem. What obstacles and dangers will he face on the long and treacherous journey through some of the most inhospitable countries in the world? How do you transport something thousands of years old and feared by so many people? What dangers will he face and who will try to stop him and why? Who will help him?
Harlequin® Heartwarming celebrates wholesome, heartfelt relationships that focus on home, family, community and love. Experience all that and more with four new novels in one collection! This Harlequin Heartwarming box set includes: CATCHING MR. RIGHT (A Seasons of Alaska Novel) by USA TODAY bestselling author Carol Ross Pro angler Victoria Thibodeaux is this close to landing the industry’s top spokesperson contract. Then she meets Seth James, the smooth-talking finalist who is looking to both outfish and outcharm her! THE LITTLEST COWGIRLS (A Mountain Monroes Novel) by USA TODAY bestselling author Melinda Curtis Former child actress Ashley Monroe needs Wyatt Halford as the star in her Western movie, not as her wedding date! That is until a mix-up ties them together in a way they never could have expected. A VALENTINE’S PROPOSAL (A Cupid’s Crossing Novel) by Kim Findlay The future of Carter’s Crossing hinges on a Valentine’s Day proposal between Nelson and Mariah. Will the reformed groomzilla and wedding planner make this a night to remember, or jeopardize the whole town? COMING HOME TO TEXAS (A Truly Texas Novel) by Kit Hawthorne A reckless mistake drove Dalia Ramirez away from the Texas ranch she loves and the boy who broke her heart. Is a disaster enough for her to return to her hometown and face Tony Reyes? Look for 4 compelling new stories every month from Harlequin® Heartwarming!
If she helped him with his business, she’d lose him to another woman . . . Judith Barnes had loved and lost when her fiance, Miles Estey, suddenly left town under a cloud of suspected embezzlement. Putting that behind her, Judith became the private secretary to her former childhood sweetheart, Alan Fraser, now a handsome attorney and head of the city’s bridge authority. Judith felt herself recapturing the deep feelings she had had for Alan years ago. Then, the same unscrupulous and political bosses who had driven Miles from her life suddenly threatened to do the same with Alan . . . unless a beautiful, flamboyant society girl beats them to it. Could Judith win the man she still loves, against such overwhelming odds? Sensuality Level: Behind Closed Doors
Discovering Nutrition, Third Edition is a student-friendly introduction to nutrition on a non-majors level. Coverage of material such as digestion, metabolism, chemistry, and life cycle nutrition is clearly written, accessible, and engaging to undergraduate students.
This incisive text provides a concise and reliable guide to the debate on modernity and postmodernity. In particular the work of Lyotard, Beck, Bauman, Baudrillard, Giddens, Jameson and Derrida is critically reviewed.
This book draws on research and developments in the twenty-first century to reanalyze and reevaluate the teaching strategies that have the most positive effect on student learning.
Alan Ross (1922-2001) - distinguished poet, travel writer, and editor of London Magazine - also managed to excel in the role of cricket correspondent for the Observer, in which capacity he followed England/MCC on tours of Australia, South Africa and the West Indies. In the book-length accounts he published of these tours, his lifelong love of the game found glorious expression. Australia 63 offers Ross's account of an Ashes series that pitted the England XI led by Ted Dexter against Richie Benaud's host side. On paper England had talent to spare, including the recall to the team of ordained minister David Sheppard, and the renowned bowling attack of Fred Trueman and Brian Statham. But Benaud's Australian side had strength in depth too. Both captains were expressly committed to playing entertaining cricket. The reality, however, did not quite live up to the billing.
A failed writer connects the murder of an American journalist, a drowned 80s musician and a Scottish politician' s resignation, in a heart-wrenching novel about ordinary people living in extraordinary times. Renowned photo-journalist Jude Montgomery arrives in Glasgow in 2014, in the wake of the failed Scottish independence referendum, and it' s clear that she' s searching for someone. Is it Anna Mason, who will go on to lead the country as First Minister? Jamie Hewitt, guitarist from eighties one-hit wonders The Hyptones? Or is it Rabbit &– Jude' s estranged foster sister, now a world-famous artist? Three apparently unconnected people, who share a devastating secret, whose lives were forever changed by one traumatic night in Phoenix, forty years earlier... Taking us back to a school shooting in her Texas hometown, and a 1980s road trip across the American West &– to San Francisco and on to New York &– Jude' s search ends in Glasgow, and a final, shocking event that only one person can fully explain...
It is widely accepted among literary scholars that canon-formation began in the eighteenth century when scholarly editions and critical treatments of older works, designed to educate readers about the national literary heritage, appeared for the first time. In The Making of the English Literary Canon Trevor Ross challenges this assumption, arguing that canon-formation was going on well before the eighteenth century but was based on a very different set of literary and cultural values. Covering a period that extends from the Middle Ages to the institutionalisation of literature in the eighteenth century, Ross's comprehensive history traces the evolution of cultural attitudes toward literature in English society, highlighting the diverse interests and assumptions that defined and shaped the literary canon. An indigenous canon of letters, Ross argues, had been both the hope and aim of English authors since the Middle Ages. Early authors believed that promoting the idea of a national literature would help publicise their work and favour literary production in the vernacular. Ross places these early gestures toward canon-making in the context of the highly rhetorical habits of thought that dominated medieval and Renaissance culture, habits that were gradually displaced by an emergent rationalist understanding of literary value. He shows that, beginning in the late seventeenth century, canon-makers became less concerned with how English literature was produced than with how it was read and received. By showing that canon-formation has served different functions in the past, The Making of the English Literary Canon is relevant not only to current debates over the canon but also as an important corrective to prevailing views of early modern English literature and of how it was first evaluated, promoted, and preserved. It is widely accepted among literary scholars that canon-formation began in the eighteenth century when scholarly editions and critical treatments of older works, designed to educate readers about the national literary heritage, appeared for the first time. In The Making of the English Literary Canon Trevor Ross challenges this assumption, arguing that canon- formation was going on well before the eighteenth century but was based on a very different set of literary and cultural values. Covering a period that extends from the Middle Ages to the institutionalisation of literature in the eighteenth century, Ross's comprehensive history traces the evolution of cultural attitudes toward literature in English society, highlighting the diverse interests and assumptions that defined and shaped the literary canon. An indigenous canon of letters, Ross argues, had been both the hope and aim of English authors since the Middle Ages. Early authors believed that promoting the idea of a national literature would help publicise their work and favour literary production in the vernacular. Ross places these early gestures toward canon-making in the context of the highly rhetorical habits of thought that dominated medieval and Renaissance culture, habits that were gradually displaced by an emergent rationalist understanding of literary value. He shows that, beginning in the late seventeenth century, canon-makers became less concerned with how English literature was produced than with how it was read and received. By showing that canon-formation has served different functions in the past, The Making of the English Literary Canon is relevant not only to current debates over the canon but also as an important corrective to prevailing views of early modern English literature and of how it was first evaluated, promoted, and preserved.
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