This book gives an outline of the developments of differential geometry and topology in the twentieth century, especially those which will be closely related to new discoveries in theoretical physics.
The Silk Road and Cultural Exchanges Between East and West, originally written in Chinese by Rong Xinjiang and now translated into English, provides insights into previously unresolved issues concerning the interactions among the societies, economies, religions and cultures of the “Western Regions”, and beyond, during the first millennium.
With this innovative text, the study-and teaching- of probability and random signals becomes simpler, more streamlined, and more effective. Its unique "textgraph" format makes it both student-friendly and instructor-friendly. Pages with a larger typeface form a concise text for basic topics and make ideal transparencies; pages with smaller type provide more detailed explanations and more advanced material.
During the 1980s & 1990s the crippled agent who fails to realise the humanist autonomy envisioned by post-Mao theorists remained a common subject of Chinese literature. Rong Cai studies the work of five contemporary writers & assesses the reasons for the popularity of this subject.
A modern classic, Shang Yun-Xiang Style Xingyiquan is essential for Xingyiquan practitioners and a useful guide for any practitioner of the Chinese martial arts. While focusing on Shang-style Xingyiquan (derived from author Li Wen-Bin's training under Grandmaster Shang Yun-Xiang), this book clearly breaks down the fundamentals of those movements and forms found in all of Xingyiquan (and other internal martial arts). Rather than simply presenting the traditional, often-cryptic poetry or "songs" to impart martial concepts, Li goes into great detail to explain to readers of all levels the finer points of Xingyi training. Featuring hundreds of original photographs and step-by-step explanation of movements, Shang Yun Xiang Style Xingyiquan is an excellent companion to Xingyiquan training of any style or school. Table of Contents Chapter 1 In Search of the Missing Points in the Origin of Xing Yi Quan Techniques Chapter 2 Features of Shang Yun-Xiang Style Xing Yi Quan Chapter 3 The Foundation for Xing Yi Gong Fu Chapter 4 Wu Xing Quan 五行拳(Five Element Fist) Chapter 5 Jin Tui Lian Huan Quan 进退连环拳 ( Advance & Retreat Linking Fist) Chapter 6 Traditional Xing Yi Weapons
What is pragmatism? Is it a means to an end, or an end in itself? Is it antithetical to ideology or morality? Arguing that pragmatism is a skill much more than an attribute, Phua examines how viewing it in this way can help achieve better foreign policy outcomes. He examines and contrasts the ways in which the United States, China and Singapore have incorporated pragmatism into their approaches to foreign policy. In doing so he debunks dualistic myths around pragmatism and ideology and promotes the view of pragmatism as a skill that can be developed. An essential primer for students, analysts and policymakers, with a fresh and practical approach to pragmatism.
In the last decade, great advances have been made in fundamental research and in the applications of bioluminescence and chemiluminescence. These techniques have become vital tools for laboratory analysis. Bioluminescence imaging has emerged as a powerful new optical imaging technique, offering real-time monitoring of spatial and temporal progression of biological processes in living animals. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) methodology has also emerged as a powerful technique for the study of proteinprotein interactions. Luciferase reporter gene technology facilitates monitoring of gene expression and is used to probe molecular mechanisms in the regulation of gene expression. Chemiluminescence detection and analysis have also found diverse applications in life science research; for example, chemiluminescent labels and substrates are now widely used in immunoassay and nucleic acid probe-based assays. The latest advances in this exciting field, from fundamental research to cutting-edge applications, are explored in this most recent volume of the biannual symposium series, the Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence. The volume highlights advances in fundamental knowledge of luciferase-based bioluminescence, photoprotein-based bioluminescence, fundamental aspects and applications of chemiluminescence, luminescence imaging, fluorescence quantum dots and other inorganic fluorescent materials, phosphorescence and ultraweak luminescence, and instrumentation for measurement and imaging of luminescence.
Climate change and its adverse impacts on nature and human society are clearly felt. Who should bear the responsibility? Should anyone be held liable for grave losses and damages related to climate change? In what way and to what extent can these issues be addressed in legal mechanisms both globally and locally? Will an international liability regime an ultimate solution? Are courts ready for and capable of resolving these disputes that find intricacy of law, policy and science? To shed light on these issues, this book is structured with four main themes on the discussions of climate change liability and related mechanisms. They are: 1) state liability and responsibility, 2) climate change litigation, 3) climate change liability and alternatives, and 4) dispute resolution and remedies. Reflections on the concepts of liability/responsibly/accountability have provided for nuanced understandings of their functional dynamics in climate change governance. Our findings also suggest that International and domestic courts have become a vital player in attribution or distribution of climate change liability. In addition to formalistic rights discourse and rigid liability regime, a few alternatives such as carbon market, insurance, mediation or soft law are also finding their ways to ensuring sustainability of climate change governance.
This text introduces important aspects of the earliest writings on tongue diagnosis to assist the reader in understanding its development. It presents the first translations of two of the most influential and authoritative tongue diagnosis texts, the Golden Mirror Records and Tongue Reflections in Cold Damage. Both are key texts for practitioners.
Concrete Composite Columns: Behavior and Design focuses on confined concrete and establishes analytical methods for each composite column. The volume moves beyond existing resources to study the relationship between existing composite structures and design methods for the sectional form of a concrete composite structure. Chapters cover the failure criteria of concrete, confined concrete types, models, including axial stress prediction, analysis and design-oriented constitutive models, the design and analysis of section form, axial and seismic behaviors of concrete composite columns, the seismic design of concrete composite columns, and the engineering application. This book offers a practical solution to students, researchers, and engineers working with both steel and FRP-confined concrete composite columns. - Focuses on confined concrete and provides analytical methods for composite columns - Discusses different types of composite columns, including FRP and steel-concrete composites - Considers the construction method and confining forces in composite concrete columns - Details confined concrete from basic theoretical analysis to seismic behaviors and design methods - Provides a solution to students, researchers, and engineers working with confined composite columns
This book lays out the theoretical foundation of the so-called multi-armed bandit (MAB) problems and puts it in the context of resource management in wireless networks. Part I of the book presents the formulations, algorithms and performance of three forms of MAB problems, namely, stochastic, Markov and adversarial. Covering all three forms of MAB problems makes this book unique in the field. Part II of the book provides detailed discussions of representative applications of the sequential learning framework in cognitive radio networks, wireless LANs and wireless mesh networks. Both individuals in industry and those in the wireless research community will benefit from this comprehensive and timely treatment of these topics. Advanced-level students studying communications engineering and networks will also find the content valuable and accessible.
Explore the cutting-edge in self-healing polymers and composites In Extrinsic and Intrinsic Approaches to Self-Healing Polymers and Polymer Composites, a pair of distinguished materials scientists delivers an insightful and up-to-date exploration of the fundamentals, theory, design, fabrication, characterization, and application of self-healing polymers and polymer composites. The book discusses how to prepare self-healing polymeric materials, how to increase the speed of crack repair, high temperature applications, and how to broaden the spectrum of healing agent species. The authors emphasize the integration of existing techniques with novel synthetic approaches for target-oriented materials design and fabrication. They provide a comprehensive view of this emerging field, allowing new researchers to gather a firm understanding of the framework for creating new materials or applications. Additionally, the book includes: A thorough introduction to the field of self-healing polymers and polymer composites, including the advances made by various laboratories and the challenges, trends, and future directions that characterize modern research in the area Comprehensive explorations of the self-healing strategies proposed by the authors, including addition polymerization, systems-based microcapsules and plastic tubes, and more Practical discussions of the application of reversible S-S bonds in self-healing polymers In-depth examinations of intrinsic self-healing via reversible C-ON bonds Perfect for polymer and materials scientists, chemists, and engineers, Extrinsic and Intrinsic Approaches to Self-Healing Polymers and Polymer Composites will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals working in the polymer, coatings, paints, medical, defense, and pharmaceutical industries.
In Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang, Rong Xinjiang provides an accessible overview of Dunhuang studies, an academic field that emerged following the discovery of a medieval monastic library at the Mogao caves near Dunhuang. The manuscripts were hidden in a cave at the beginning of the 11th century and remained unnoticed until 1900, when a Daoist monk accidentally found them and subsequently sold most of them to foreign explorers and scholars. The availability of this unprecedented amount of first-hand material from China’s middle period provided a stimulus for a number of scholarly fields both in China and the West. Rong Xinjiang’s book provides, for the first time in English, a convenient summary of the history of Dunhuang studies and its contribution to scholarship.
High speed catamaran and multihull high speed marine vessel have become very popular in the last two decades. The catamaran has become the vessel of choice for the majority of high speed ferry operators worldwide. There have been significant advances in structural materials, and structural design has been combined with higher power density and fuel efficient engines to deliver ferries of increasing size. The multihull has proven itself to be a suitable configuration for active power projection across oceans as well as for coastal patrol and protection, operating at high speedd for insertion or retrieval with a low energy capability. At present there is no easily accessible material covering the combination of hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, and design issues including structures, powering and propulsion for these vehicles. Coverage in High Speed Catamarans and Multihulls includes an introduction to the history, evolution, and development of catamarans, followed by a theoretical calculation of wave resistance in shallow and deep water, as well as the drag components of the multihull. A discussion of vessel concept design describing design characteristics, empirical regression for determination of principal dimensions in preliminary design, general arrangement, and methods is also included. The book concludes with a discussion of experimental future vehicles currently in development including the small waterplane twin hull vessels, wave piercing catamarans, planing catamarans, tunnel planing catamarans and other multihull vessels.
This book provides an overview of electronic and optical properties of graphite-related systems. It presents a well-developed and up-to-date theoretical model and addresses important advances in essential properties and diverse quantization phenomena. Key features include various Hamiltonian models, dimension-enriched carbon-related systems, complete and unusual results, detailed comparisons with the experimental measurements, clear physical pictures, and further generalizations to other emergent 2D materials. It also covers potential applications, such as touch-screen panel devices, FETs, supercapacitors, sensors, LEDs, solar cells, photodetectors, and photomodulators.
A forgotten century marks the years between the Ming dynasty's (1368–1644) turbulent founding and its sixteenth-century age of exploration and economic transformation. In this period of social stability, retired scholar-official Lu Rong chronicled his observations of Chinese society in Miscellaneous Records from the Bean Garden (Shuyuan zaji). Openly expressing his admirations and frustrations, Lu provides a window into the quotidian that sets Bean Garden apart from other works of the biji genre of "informal notes." Mark Halperin organizes a translated selection of Lu's accounts from Miscellaneous Records from the Bean Garden to create a panorama of Ming life. A man of unusual curiosity, Lu describes multiple social classes, ethnicities, and locales in his accounts of political intrigues, farming techniques, religious practices, etiquette, crime, and family life. Centuries after their composition, Lu's words continue to provide a richly textured portrait of China on the cusp of the early modern era.
This book develops several novel foam-filled structures and steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich structures, which provides more alternatives for ensuring the safety of buildings and infrastructures under extreme loading, like impact and blast. In the first part of this book, the aluminium foam- and polyurethane foam-filled structures have been developed for dissipating impact and blast energy. Experimental and numerical studies have been conducted to obtain their behaviours under impact loading. In addition, analytical models have also been proposed to assess their energy absorption performances and facilitate the impact and blast design when using the proposed foam-filled structures. In the second part of this book, SCS sandwich structures with novel shear connectors have been developed and their behaviours under impact and blast loading have been experimentally, numerically and analytical studied. Analytical models for predicting the impact and blast responses of SCS sandwich structures have also been developed. In the third part of this book, a new steel-polyurethane foam-steel-concrete-steel (SPUFSCS) panel (i.e. the combination of foam material and SCS panel) has been developed to achieve a higher impact resistant capacity. Owing to the increasing impact and blast threats on buildings and infrastructures, the studies presented in this book are of significant importance for providing several new solutions for impact and blast enhancement.
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this book provides ready access to the law applied to cases involving cross border issues in Taiwan. It offers every lawyer dealing with questions of conflict of laws much-needed access to these conflict rules, presented clearly and concisely by a local expert. Beginning with a general introduction, the monograph goes on to discuss the choice of law technique, sources of private international law, and the relevant connection with other laws. Then follows clear description and analysis of the rules of choice of law on natural and legal persons, contractual and non-contractual obligations, movable and immovable property, intangible property rights, company law, family law (marriage, cohabitation, registered partnerships, matrimonial property, maintenance, child law), and succession law (including testamentary dispositions). The presentation concludes with an overview of relevant civil procedure, examining lex fori and issues of national and international jurisdiction, acceptability and enforcement of foreign judgements, and international arbitration. Its succinct yet scholarly nature, as well as the practical quality of the information it provides, make this book a valuable resource for lawyers handling cases in Taiwan. Academics and researchers, as well as judges, notaries public, marriage registrars, youth welfare officers, teachers, students, and local and public authorities will welcome this very useful guide, and will appreciate its value in the study of private international law from a comparative perspective.
This book systematically presents 40 pests, 7 natural pest enemies, and 20 diseases and weeds commonly encountered in sugarcane production, combining clear colour photos with detailed scientific descriptions. It covers a range of related topics, including morphological identification, habits and frequency of occurrence, prevention and control measures, symptom identification, characteristics of infections and epidemics, parasitic (predator) characteristics, ways of utilising natural pest enemies, main species and distribution, fluctuation in the field, and chemical control of weeds. With novel content presented in simple, straightforward language, the book provides a valuable reference guide for scientific researchers, educators and industrial practitioners, as well as students and advisers at agricultural universities.
Based on the widely used finite element method (FEM) and the latest Meshfree methods, a next generation of numerical method called Smoothed Point Interpolation Method (S-PIM) has been recently developed. The S-PIM is an innovative and effective combination of the FEM and the meshfree methods, and enables automation in computation, modeling and simulations — one of the most important features of the next generation methods. This important book describes the various S-PIM models in a systematic, concise and easy-to-understand manner. The underlying principles for the next generation of computational methods, G space theory, novel weakened weak (W2) formulations, techniques for shape functions, formulation procedures, and implementation strategies are presented in detail. Numerous examples are provided to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the S-PIM solutions in comparison with the FEM and other existing methods. Effective techniques to compute solution bounds employing both S-PIM and FEM are highlighted to obtain certified solutions with both upper and lower bounds.The book also presents a systematically way to conduct adaptive analysis for solutions of desired accuracy using these bound properties, which is another key feature of the next generation of computational methods. This will benefit researchers, engineers and students who are venturing into new areas of research and computer code development.
This book describes the various Smoothed Point Interpolation Method (S-PIM) models in a systematic, concise and easy-to-understand manner. The underlying principles for the next generation of computational methods, G space theory, novel weakened weak (W2) formulations, techniques for shape functions, formulation procedures, and implementation strategies are presented in detail.
This book contains 36 articles covering most of the topics in the rapidly developing areas of meshfree methods and extended finite element methods (X-FEM). These topics include domain discretization, boundary discretization, combined domain/boundary discretization, meshfree particle methods, collocation methods, X-FEM, etc. Papers on issues related to implementation and coding of meshfree methods are also presented. The areas of applications of meshfree methods include solving general partial differential equations, the mechanics of solids and structures, smart material/structures, soil-structures, fracture mechanics, fluid dynamics, impact, penetration, micro-fluidics, etc. In addition, techniques for field variable interpolation, such as the moving least squares (MLS) approximation, the point interpolation method (PIM), and radial PIM are reported. Contents: Meshfree Shape Functions for Weak Formulation, Strong Formulation; Meshfree Methods for Smart Materials/Structures; Meshfree Methods for Fracture Analysis; Meshfree Methods for Membrances, Plates & Shells; Meshfree Methods for Soil; Meshfree Methods for CFD; Boundary Meshfree Methods; Coding, Error Estimation, Parallisation; Meshfree Particle Methods; X-FEM. Readership: Graduate and undergraduate students, reserchers, academics, lecturers and engineers in civil engineering, engineering mechanics and mechanical engineering.
This book provides the research directions for new or junior researchers who are going to use machine learning approaches for biological pattern discovery. The book was written based on the research experience of the author's several research projects in collaboration with biologists worldwide. The chapters are organised to address individual biological pattern discovery problems. For each subject, the research methodologies and the machine learning algorithms which can be employed are introduced and compared. Importantly, each chapter was written with the aim to help the readers to transfer their knowledge in theory to practical implementation smoothly. Therefore, the R programming environment was used for each subject in the chapters. The author hopes that this book can inspire new or junior researchers' interest in biological pattern discovery using machine learning algorithms.
Nitride Phosphors and Solid-State Lighting provides an in-depth introduction to the crystal chemistry, synthesis, luminescence, and applications of phosphor materials for solid-state lighting, mainly focusing on new nitride phosphors. Drawing on their extensive experimental work, the authors offer a multidisciplinary study of phosphor materials tha
This book covers a wide range of subjects in applying machine learning approaches for bioinformatics projects. The book succeeds on two key unique features. First, it introduces the most widely used machine learning approaches in bioinformatics and discusses, with evaluations from real case studies, how they are used in individual bioinformatics projects. Second, it introduces state-of-the-art bioinformatics research methods. The theoretical parts and the practical parts are well integrated for readers to follow the existing procedures in individual research.Unlike most of the bioinformatics books on the market, the content coverage is not limited to just one subject. A broad spectrum of relevant topics in bioinformatics including systematic data mining and computational systems biology researches are brought together in this book, thereby offering an efficient and convenient platform for teaching purposes.An essential reference for both final year undergraduates and graduate students in universities, as well as a comprehensive handbook for new researchers, this book will also serve as a practical guide for software development in relevant bioinformatics projects.
This illustrative compendium analyzes the load balancing problem in distributed stream processing systems and explores a set of high-performance real-time processing scheme based on key-based balancing strategy, join-matrix model and fault tolerance mechanisms.The volume succinctly provides the theoretical support for the proposed techniques. Through a rich set of experiments and comparisons with the other state-of-the-art techniques using both standard benchmarks and real data sets, the book comprehensively verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed methods.This unique title is an excellent reference text for researchers in the fields of distributed stream processing, parallel system, cloud computing, etc.
This book collects and reports on the results of a study conducted on the Chinese Software and Services Outsourcing (SSO) industry, focusing on one of its main players as a key case study. Two sets of research findings are presented: first, the knowledge management and communication processes inherent within a highly collaborative software development project between the case study company and one of its long-term UK clients are explored and distilled into specific practices; second, at the organizational level, the strategies used by the company to build and exploit capabilities and to dynamically configure resources to promote specific value positions along its outsourced services value networks are identified and discussed. The significance of these findings for similar China-based global high-tech firms and the value of this organizational form in moving closer to the goals of the 2020 enterprise vision are both discussed, along with the implications of the findings for EU/UK businesses operating in similar digital domains.
Machine Learning (ML) has become a very important area of research widely used in various industries.This compendium introduces the basic concepts, fundamental theories, essential computational techniques, codes, and applications related to ML models. With a strong foundation, one can comfortably learn related topics, methods, and algorithms. Most importantly, readers with strong fundamentals can even develop innovative and more effective machine models for his/her problems. The book is written to achieve this goal.The useful reference text benefits professionals, academics, researchers, graduate and undergraduate students in AI, ML and neural networks.
A longstanding problem in Gabor theory is to identify time-frequency shifting lattices aZ×bZ and ideal window functions χI on intervals I of length c such that {e−2πinbtχI(t−ma): (m,n)∈Z×Z} are Gabor frames for the space of all square-integrable functions on the real line. In this paper, the authors create a time-domain approach for Gabor frames, introduce novel techniques involving invariant sets of non-contractive and non-measure-preserving transformations on the line, and provide a complete answer to the above abc-problem for Gabor systems.
This book presents the recent achievements on the processing of representative user generated content (UGC) on E-commerce websites. This large size of UGC is valuable information for data mining to help customer/object profiling. It provides a comprehensive overview on the concept of customer credibility, object-oriented review summarization technology and content-based collaborative filtering algorithm. It covers a feedback mechanism which is designed to discover customer credibility, which is used to define the professional degree of review content; product-oriented review summarization for restaurants or trip arrangements, and introduced content-based collaborative filtering for product recommendation.
Proposing a coherent account of Chinese politeness and comparing it with politeness of several linguacultures, this book demonstrates the need of a universal theory of politeness. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
This e-book provides several state-of-the-art analog circuit design techniques. It presents both empirical and theoretical materials for system-on-a-chip (SOC) circuit design. Fundamental communication concepts are used to explain a variety of topics including data conversion (ADC, DAC, S-? oversampling data converters), clock data recovery, phase-locked loops for system timing synthesis, supply voltage regulation, power amplifier design, and mixer design. This is an excellent reference book for both circuit designers and researchers who are interested in the field of design of analog communic.
Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are a powerful tool in science, mathematics, economics and finance. This book will help the reader to master the basic theory and learn some applications of SDEs. In particular, the reader will be provided with the backward SDE technique for use in research when considering financial problems in the market, and with the reflecting SDE technique to enable study of optimal stochastic population control problems. These two techniques are powerful and efficient, and can also be applied to research in many other problems in nature, science and elsewhere.
Unique in focusing on both organic and inorganic materials from a system point of view, this text offers a complete overview of printed electronics integrated with classical silicon electronics. Following an introduction to the topic, the book discusses the materials and processes required for printed electronics, covering conducting, semiconducting and insulating materials, as well as various substrates, such as paper and plastics. Subsequent chapters describe the various building blocks for printed electronics, while the final part describes the resulting novel applications and technologies, including wearable electronics, RFID tags and flexible circuit boards. Suitable for a broad target group, both industrial and academic, ranging from mechanical engineers to ink developers, and from chemists to engineers.
This book provides the reader with a comprehensive introduction to the distinguishing features of Chinese families. This first full scale study seeks to understand Chinese families within the Chinese social context and draws comparisons with existing western theories and models of the family. It also explores the connection between two Chinese societies across the Taiwan Strait and investigates if the unique features of Chinese families can be applied to broaden the scope of family analysis in general. This book covers ten core areas, including co-residence, marriage, fertility, education, mobility, gender preferences, family supports, filial feedbacks, housework allocation, and the dynamics of family norm changes. The book uses theory-based empirical studies with data collected from a unique panel survey conducted in various areas across the Taiwan Strait, namely Taiwan and Southeast China. The two focal points of the study are geographically close, ethnically homogeneous, and are open to the modern market economy. A comprehensive analysis of these two areas provides new insights into the similarities and differences of Chinese families, to what extent they are distinct from Western ones, and how these similarities and differences were formed. The uniquely complex nature of intra-family interactions in Chinese families and the rapidly changing social background against which these interactions occur make this a hugely fascinating topic.
The spectra of molecules containing more than one atom are necessarily of single atoms. They are correspondingly much more complex than those richer, not only in the number of spectral lines, but also in qualitatively different phenomena which do not have any counterpart in single atoms. Historically, molecular spectra have revealed much fundamental phy sics, such as the connection between nuclear spin statistics. They have pro vided models of physical systems which have been useful in quite different areas, such as particle physics. Most especially, molecular spectra are of fundamental importance in understanding chemical bonding. They reveal not only bond lengths but also the strength of the bonding potential between atoms. Moreover, these measurements are obtained for electronic excited states, as well as for the ground state, and for unstable short-lived molecules. In recent years, tunable lasers have provided powerful tools for the measurement and analysis of molecular spectra. Even before that, molecules were being used in lasers, most notably in the carbon dioxide laser, which finds many industrial applications.
This book describes the resilient navigation techniques under the background of collaboration in swarm. The significance of this work is that it focuses on the navigation enhancement by collaboration in swarm rather than ground infrastructure, which exploit potentialities of swarm in GNSS restricted environment. Although unmanned swarm is receiving greater attention, both through theoretical research and through increasing mention in the industrial developments, the navigation promotion by effective and efficient collaboration remains largely unexplored. While my scholarly work has explored some of the modeling, error characteristic, fusion algorithm, fault detection, and isolation aspects of the “adaptive navigation system” (such as the navigation system of robots and ground vehicles, aircrafts, aerospace vehicles, and unmanned aerial vehicles), the present book proposes the specialized investigation on the navigation with the resilient character, which could maintain the performance by essential collaboration with members in swarm in GNSS degradation environment. This book focused on the resilient navigation techniques under the background of collaboration in swarm. The key techniques of collaborative resilient navigation are proposed, including the collaboration framework, collaborative observation modeling, geometry optimization, integrity augmentation, and fault detection. The experiments are also carried out to validate the effectiveness of the corresponding techniques.
This atlas is currently the most systematic and comprehensive atlas of the tree shrew brain. The purpose of this book is to help scientists acquire accurate coordinates of the brain regions of the tree shrew, which is becoming a popular animal model for a variety of human diseases. This atlas contains series of 192 coronal sections, 36 sagittal sections, and 49 horizontal sections using Nissl staining or acetylcholinesterase histochemistry as well as a series of diagrams in stereotaxic coordinates. Original photomicrographs are obtained at single-cell resolution. In addition, we also referred to magnetic resonance images acquired at 250 um intervals with a magnetic resonance scanner 9.4T. Many brain structures are first identified in tree shrews and accurately presented in a stereotaxic coordinate system. The Bregma coordinates system is used for the first time in this tree shrew brain atlas. The atlas represents the collaboration between two indispensable skills of brain research, neuroanatomy and stereotaxic surgery. It will be extensively used in neuroscience research, particularly tree shrew brain study, and will help graduate students and researchers understand brain anatomy and acquire accurate reference coordinates.
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