An Economic History of the United States is an accessible and informative survey designed for undergraduate courses on American economic history. The book spans from 1607 to the modern age and presents a documented history of how the American economy has propelled the nation into a position of world leadership. Noted economic historian Ronald E. Seavoy covers nearly 400 years of economic history, beginning with the commercialization of agriculture in the pre-colonial era, through the development of banks and industrialization in the nineteenth century, up to the globalization of the business economy in the present day.
Seavoy insists that development economics is a failed discipline because it does not recognize the revolutionary difference between subsistence and commercial social values. Seavoy demonstrates that commercial labor norms are essential for producing assured food surpluses in all crop years and an assured food surplus is essential for sustaining the development process. The commercialization of food production is a political process, as in the term political economy. If peasants have a choice, they will not voluntarily perform commercial labor norms. Central governments must overcome peasant resistance to performing commercial labor norms by various forms of coercion. The most historically effective coercions are deprivation of peasant control of land use by foreclosure and eviction for excessive subsistence debts. Landless peasants are forced to become supervised paid laborers. Coercion is most effective when it is linked to money rewards for peasants who voluntarily transform themselves into yeomen cultivators or farmers. These commercially motivated cultivators and storekeepers become the resident commercializing agents in peasant villages who administer the central government's coercive and inducement policies. Based on extensive examples and field observation, this book is designed for use in courses that explore problems of economic development. Scholars and government policy makers will find the analysis equally provocative.
Mining, Agriculture and Religion" is a study of economic development from the ground looking up. It focuses on resource development, food production, ground transportation, and the scope and volume of peasant commerce. It is based on author Ronald E. Seavoy's experience as a geologist working for ALCOA (Aluminum Company of America) to explore for and evaluate bauxite and nickel laterite mineralization in west Borneo. Seavoy had great mobility that was hugely enhanced by seven continuous months of residence in one Dayak village that practiced shifting cultivation ("ladang"). Mobility and continuous residence in one peasant village is not the usual way economists, historians, and political scientists examine the problems of economic development; their perspective is generally from central governments looking down. The recommendations made by international aid agencies to central governments usually have a deficient understanding of the subsistence social values that govern peasant societies because they never go into the field except as momentary visitors. As a result they do not understand the amount of political authority that must be used to overcome peasant resistance to change if economic development is to succeed. This book attempts to better identify the barriers to economic development in nations with large peasant populations. about the author RONALD E. SEAVOY is professor emeritus of history at Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio and the author of many books about agriculture and economic development.
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