Peter Gunnarson Rambo, son of Gunnar Petersson, was born in about 1612 in Hisingen, Sweden. He came to America in 1640 and settled in Christiana, New Sweden (now Delaware). He married Brita Mattsdotter 7 April 1647. They had eight children. He died in 1698. HIs daughter, Gertrude Rambo, was born 19 October 1650. She married Anders Bengtsson. Descendants and relatives lived mainly in Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina and Ohio.
Building Ridges and Roads in the Korean Conflict tells the inside story of a combat engineers company from Scottsboro, Alabama, that served in the Korean "War". The contributions of units such as Company B aren't always fully appreciated. In this book, Dykes demonstrates their importance in the conduct of that conflict. Praise for the author's previous books: For Growing Up Hard: "Reading Growing Up Hard is like sitting on the porch sipping a glass of cold iced tea while listening to a favorite grandfather tell stories of what it was like to grow up in more difficult times."-The Alabama Review For James O. Haley: "You can't put the book down until you finish reading it for Dykes seizes your undivided attention."-Sen. Howell Heflin "I enjoyed it more than I can express. I really feel inadequate to comment on this excellent work."-Gov. Albert Brewer "Wonderful book"-Trial Lawyers Association "Thoroughly enjoyable"-Birmingham Bar
The true story of the predator who lured young women with promises of fame—from the national bestselling author of the “riveting” Honeymoon with a Killer (Publishers Weekly). Hopeful beauty Kristi Johnson, twenty-one, thought she was auditioning to model for a James Bond promotion. Following the directions of the man who approached her in a shopping mall, she drove to a mansion in the Hollywood Hills with a black mini-skirt and stiletto heels. Weeks later, Kristi’s body was finally photographed—by the county coroner. Her partially clad body had been found on a slope off Skyline Drive. Not one iota of forensic evidence was recovered. All investigators had was another Hollywood dream gone nightmare. But what seemed like a dead end soon found its lucky break. Responding to news reports about Kristi’s murder, calls from women came pouring in—all of them victims of bogus modeling gigs. One composite sketch later, Victor Paleologus, forty, already on parole for sexual assault, was taken into custody. Halfway through his sensational trial, Paleologus stunned everyone by entering a guilty plea and was sentenced to twenty-five years to life.
This unique textbook provides information on the dramatic advances taking place in the field of inflammatory (autoimmune) diseases and their therapies. Experts in many different medical fields — allergology, dermatology, gastroenterology, pulmonology, rheumatology etc. — will describe the advances in our understanding of the most important inflammatory diseases linking basic science discoveries to the advances in therapeutics that have taken place over the past years and foreshadow even more dramatic changes which will occur in the years to come. This is a truly multi-specialty bench-to-bedside textbook that will enable readers to gain a wide-ranging but also solidly built understanding of the therapeutic areas of inflammatory diseases.
In their book ‘Gresley’s Silver Link’ the authors analyzed the evolution of the A4s Gresley’s and their service up to Gresley’s death in 1941. This book takes this compelling story from the early years of the war up to their demise in the 1960s After four years of service pulling the LNER’s most prestigious trains the A4s took on a more utilitarian role and for six years worked hard to support Britain’s war effort. From this they emerged bowed, but unbeaten, although in an extremely jaded condition. Once restored they took up where they had left off in 1939 and did exceptional service for the rest of their days. With the help of previously unpublished material the authors analyze the second phase of the A4s careers, first as LNER engines, then, from 1948, under British Railways management. Without a diesel or electric fleet of engines to replace them they entered a second golden age of fast running in the ‘50s. Then in the ‘Swinging Sixties’ they faced, as some thought, a premature end as part of a much delayed modernization program. Until withdrawn from service they continued to astound their footplate crew and performed exceptionally well, even when maintenance standards had slipped and their condition had deteriorated. They were thoroughbreds and have become a fitting memorial to the master engineers who produced and sustained them for 30 years or more.
Here's a powerful quick reference and clinical tool – small enough to fit into your pocket, yet complete enough to cover any assessment test you need to perform! Detailing every test included in Illustrated Orthopedic Physical Assessment, 3rd Edition, this handy, thoroughly illustrated pocket guide includes only the essential information you need to know. Information for each test is presented in a consistent manner for quick reference, and includes: name of the test, alternate names for the test, suspected syndrome, concise description of the testing procedure, clinical pearl, and photo(s) of the procedure. Plus, just as in the parent text, each test also contains a corresponding orthopedic gamut which provides a summary of key points in a concise list, serving as a diagnostic rubric for use in patient exams. - Fits in your lab coat pocket, giving you easy access to frequently used assessment and testing information. - Every test from the parent textbook, Illustrated Orthopedic Physical Assessment, 3rd Edition, is included in this pocket guide. - A consistent format for each test (the same format as the parent text) ensures that you'll find the information you need quickly and easily. - Clinical pearls appear with almost every test, detailing author's own clinical experience and providing valuable insight to both students and practitioners. - Nearly 400 orthopedic gamuts concisely cover anatomy, motion assessment, muscle function, and imaging elements – essential concepts for effective assessment and diagnostic decision-making. - A complete index of tests appears on the inside cover in alphabetical order, as well as by body system, so you can see at a glance which tests are covered and where to find them. - Nearly 500 illustrations (line drawings and photographs) show key moves of each test, and other necessary maneuvers, anatomy, and pathologies. - A glossary of key abbreviations is included at the end of the book, familiarizing you with common clinical terms and notation. - A comprehensive bibliography provides helpful references for further research and study. - All-new photos clearly illustrate every assessment test. - Updated content ensures you have the latest assessment information at your fingertips.
Becoming a Public Relations Writer is a comprehensive guide to the writing process for public relations practice. Using straightforward, no-nonsense language, realistic examples, easy-to-follow steps and practical exercises, this text introduces the various formats and styles of writing you will encounter as a public relations practitioner. A focus on ethical and legal issues is woven throughout, with examples and exercises addressing public relations as practiced by corporations, non-profit agencies, and other types of organizations both large and small. In addition, the book offers the most comprehensive list of public relations writing formats to be found anywhere---from the standard news release to electronic mail and other opportunities using a variety of technologies and media. The fourth edition has been updated to reflect significant developments in the public relations field, including: New chapter on multimedia and social media releases New chapter on websites, blogs, and wikis Expansion of the chapter on direct mail and online appeals Updated examples of actual pieces of public relations writing A companion website including writing exercises, PowerPoint presentations, and relevant links Through its comprehensive and accessible approach, Becoming a Public Relations Writer is an invaluable resource for future and current public relations practitioners.
From the award-winning, #1 bestselling author of A Short History of Progress comes another surprising, frightening and essential book. The USA is now the world’s lone superpower, whose deeds could make or break this century. For better and worse, America has Americanized the world. How did a marginal frontier society, in a mere two centuries, become the de facto ruler of the world? Why do America’s great achievements in democracy, prosperity and civil rights now seem threatened by forces within itself? Brimming with insight into history and human behaviour, and written in Wright’s captivating style, What Is America? shows how this came to pass; how the United States, which regards itself as the most modern country on earth, is also deeply archaic, a stronghold not only of religious fundamentalism but of “modern” beliefs in limitless progress and a universal mission that have fallen under suspicion elsewhere in the west, a rethinking driven by two World Wars and the reckless looting of our planet. A fresh, passionate look at the past and future of the world’s most powerful nation, What Is America? will reframe the debate about our neighbour and ourselves.
The 20th century saw a period of enormous legal and social change in Britain. In these engaging memoirs Ronald Waterhouse, who sat as one of Britain's leading High Court Judges, provides fascinating frontline insights into the complex British legal system. Waterhouse took silk in 1969 and became a High Court judge in 1978 in the Family Division, transferring to the Queen's Bench in 1988 where he presided over well-known trials such as those of Ken Dodd and Derek Hatton. Libel, including reading libel for Private Eye with Richard Ingrams and Paul Foot, civil and personal injury work were a prominent part of his practice. After his retirement, he was appointed Chairman of the Tribunal of Inquiry into Child Abuse in North Wales Children's Homes in 1996. It was during this time that he went onto lead the biggest inquiry into child abuse ever held in Britain, publishing the highly significant and influential report 'Lost in Care' in 2000. From his early career as a barrister at Middle Temple, which saw his involvement in high-profile cases such as the notorious Moors Murders in the 1960s and Slater Walker in the 1970s, to his later work as a Judge, Waterhouse here presents a detailed and authoritative narrative of British jurisprudence in the second half of the 20th century. This unique insider's view will fascinate general readers and prove essential reading for specialists.
How we can create artificial intelligence with broad, robust common sense rather than narrow, specialized expertise. It’s sometime in the not-so-distant future, and you send your fully autonomous self-driving car to the store to pick up your grocery order. The car is endowed with as much capability as an artificial intelligence agent can have, programmed to drive better than you do. But when the car encounters a traffic light stuck on red, it just sits there—indefinitely. Its obstacle-avoidance, lane-following, and route-calculation capacities are all irrelevant; it fails to act because it lacks the common sense of a human driver, who would quickly figure out what’s happening and find a workaround. In Machines like Us, Ron Brachman and Hector Levesque—both leading experts in AI—consider what it would take to create machines with common sense rather than just the specialized expertise of today’s AI systems. Using the stuck traffic light and other relatable examples, Brachman and Levesque offer an accessible account of how common sense might be built into a machine. They analyze common sense in humans, explain how AI over the years has focused mainly on expertise, and suggest ways to endow an AI system with both common sense and effective reasoning. Finally, they consider the critical issue of how we can trust an autonomous machine to make decisions, identifying two fundamental requirements for trustworthy autonomous AI systems: having reasons for doing what they do, and being able to accept advice. Both in the end are dependent on having common sense.
Thousands of methods have been developed in the various biomedical disciplines, and those covered in this book represent the basic, essential and most widely used methods in several different disciplines.
Explore the human side of the Civil War through archival images and biographical sketches of Confederate and Union sailors. During the American Civil War, more than one hundred thousand men fought on ships at sea or on one of America’s great inland rivers. There were no large-scale fleet engagements, yet the navies, particularly the Union Navy, did much to define the character of the war and affect its length. The first hostile shots roared from rebel artillery at Charleston Harbor. Along the Mississippi River and other inland waterways across the South, Union gunboats were often the first to arrive in deadly enemy territory. In the Gulf of Mexico and along the Atlantic seaboard, blockaders in blue floated within earshot of gray garrisons that guarded vital ports. And on the open seas, rebel raiders wreaked havoc on civilian shipping. In Faces of the Civil War Navies, Civil War photograph collector Ronald S. Coddington focuses his skills on the Union and Confederate navies. Using identifiable cartes de visite of common sailors on both sides of the war, many of them never before published, Coddington uncovers the personal histories of each individual. These unique narratives are drawn from military and pension records, letters, diaries, period newspapers, and other primary sources. In addition to presenting the personal stories of seventy-seven intrepid volunteers, Coddington also focuses on the momentous naval events that ushered in an era of ironclad ships and other technical innovations. Taken collectively, these “snapshots” show that the history of war is not merely a chronicle of campaigns won and lost, it is the collective personal odysseys of thousands of individual men.
Tomorrow's Table is for anyone who wishes to know more about how the food they eat is grown. It is for every shopper, policy decision maker, farmer, or anyone who has a tone time or another wondered what labels such as "organic" or GMO" truly mean for the heath of the population and the future of our planet.--Back cover.
Sir Edward Appleton G.B.E., K.C.B., F.R.S is a 12-chapter text about the life of Sir Edward Appleton. Born on September 6, 1892, Sir Edward Appleton was a Principal of the Edinburgh University, a Bradford man himself, Nobel prize-winner, and a distinguished scientist who has first mapped the ionosphere, the invisible outer shell of the earth’s atmosphere whose existence makes long-range radio reception possible. The opening chapters of the book cover the early life of Appleton, from his struggles in college to his post-war Cambridge experience. The following chapter discusses how Sir Edward Appleton discovered the ionosphere, naming its upper layer – the Appleton Layer. The discussion then shifts to Appleton’s administrative duties, naming him the youngest professor in England. This book also relates Appleton’s part of the Polar Year investigation in Norway, his investigation on the possible link between geomagnetic and ionospheric phenomena, and his secretaryship duties in the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Other chapters focus on the post-war contributions of Sir Edward Appleton, devoting his research to post-war problems and restructuring. These chapters also look into Appleton’s appointment as Edinburgh’s Principal and Vice-Chancellor and eventually as an elder statesman. The concluding chapter covers his retirement from administrative duties in Edinburgh.
A quirky, wry, ribald collection of short plays and sketches, many farcical, perfect for college, community or professional theater and actors of all shapes and sizes. Includes The Lady Gentian Violet; Hot Women, High Explosives; International Supreme Con Artists Group and more -- in all, 30 plays, many of them first presented as part of First Stage LA's annual "Playwrights Express.
In this urbane and witty book, Ronald de Sousa disputes the widespread notion that reason and emotion are natural antagonists. He argues that emotions are a kind of perception, that their roots in the paradigm scenarios in which they are learned give them an essentially dramatic structure, and that they have a crucial role to-play in rational beliefs, desires, and decisions by breaking the deadlocks of pure reason.The book's twelve chapters take up the following topics: alternative models of mind and emotion; the relation between evolutionary, physiological, and social factors in emotions; a taxonomy of objects of emotions; assessments of emotions for correctness and rationality; the regulation by emotions of logical and practical reasoning; emotion and time; the mechanism of emotional self-deception; the ethics of laughter; and the roles of emotions in the conduct of life. There is also an illustrative interlude, in the form of a lively dialogue about the ideology of love, jealousy, and sexual exclusiveness. A Bradford Book.
Never has there been a group with such spirit and anointing as the legendary Roberta Martin Singers of Chicago. From their humble beginnings at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Chicago in 1933 until the untimely demise of Roberta Martin in 1969, to their being honored at Washingtons Smithsonian Institute in 1981; the Roberta Martin Singers and their leader, Mrs. Roberta Martin Austin have set a gospel singing standard whereby even gospel singing ensembles today are measured. Only A Look is a book which chronologically details the musical career of one of gospel musics premiere singing ensembles. As you read this book, you will relive the lives of Mrs. Martin and her singers as they travel across this country: singing Songs of Faith on Wings of Love.
The New Mexico State Police traces its beginnings to the New Mexico Mounted Police, a statewide law-enforcement agency that was disbanded in 1921. No state law enforcement existed until the formation of the New Mexico Motor Patrol in 1933. A year and a half later, the governor of the state of New Mexico and the chief of the patrol saw the need to expand their forces to better serve the citizens of New Mexico. The New Mexico State Police formed in 1935, marking the beginning of what has become many years of tradition and service.
With his square, bulldoggish stature, signature rimless glasses, and inimitable smile—part grimace, part snarl—Theodore Roosevelt was an unforgettable figure, imprinted on the American memory through photographs, the chiseled face of Mount Rushmore, and, especially, film. At once a hunter, explorer, naturalist, woodsman, and rancher, Roosevelt was the quintessential frontiersman, a man who believed that only nature could truly test and prove the worth of man. A documentary he made about his 1909 African safari embodied aggressive ideas of masculinity, power, racial superiority, and the connection between nature and manifest destiny. These ideas have since been reinforced by others—Jesse “Buff alo” Jones, Paul Rainey, Martin and Osa Johnson, and Walt Disney. Using Roosevelt as a starting point, filmmaker and scholar Ronald Tobias traces the evolution of American attitudes toward nature, attitudes that remain, to this day, remarkably conflicted, complex, and instilled with dreams of empire.
In 1984, John Thompson was convicted and sentenced to death for the murder of a white man in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was sent to Angola prison and confined to his cell twenty-three hours a day. However, Thompson adamantly proclaimed his innocence and just needed lawyers who believed that his trial had been mishandled and who would step up to the plate against the powerful DA's office. But who would fight for Thompson's innocence when he didn't have an alibi for the night of the murder and there were two key witnesses to confirm his guilt? Killing Time is about the eighteen-year quest for John Thompson's freedom from a wrongful murder conviction. After Philadelphia lawyers Michael Banks and Gordon Cooney take on his case, they struggle to find areas of misconduct in his previous trials while grappling with their questions about Thompson's innocence. John Hollway and Ronald M. Gauthier have interviewed Thompson and the lawyers regarding the case and paint a realistic and compelling portrait of life on death row and the corruption in the Louisiana police and DA's office. When it is found that evidence was mishandled in a previous trial that led to his death sentence in the murder case, Thompson is finally on his road to freedom—a journey that continues to this day. Complete with an updated afterword describing Thompson's 2011 civil suit against Harry Connick Sr. and the New Orleans DA's office and the Supreme Court's shocking verdict.
Essential information for the design of healthcare facilities Building Type Basics for Healthcare Facilities, Second Edition is your one-stop reference for the essential information you need to confidently begin the design process and successfully complete a healthcare project, large or small, on time and within budget. Leading architects from across the United States share their firsthand knowledge in order to guide you through all aspects of healthcare facility design, with an emphasis on what you need to do to get started quickly. This edition is revised with multiple new healthcare project examples completed this century, more information on engineering requirements, and background on evolving sustainability and technology issues. It begins with an assessment of the healthcare industry's current and future needs, focusing on how those needs affect architecture. Next you get critical information and guidelines that enable you to create successful designs for inpatient, outpatient, and long-term care facilities. Coverage includes clinics, emergency departments, ambulatory care units, specialty centers, as well as facilities designed for adaptive reuse or the assimilation of future technologies. This quick reference: Addresses twenty key questions that arise when launching a healthcare facility design project Offers insight from leaders in the industry based on their own design experience Provides hundreds of project photographs, diagrams, floor plans, sections, and details Not only does this book offer current, authoritative information, its comprehensive coverage and logical organization also save you countless hours of research. Building Type Basics books provide architects with the essentials needed to jump-start specialized facilities design. Each volume features leading experts in the field who address the issues that shape the early phases of a project in a convenient, easy-to-use format.
Distilling the available knowledge on ethanol-induced liver damage and directly complementing the available bio-medical literature, Ethanol and the Liver covers pathogenic and clinical aspects of alcoholic liver disease. Providing broader coverage of the subject than any available monograph, the editors and their panel of experts relate basic scien
In the first decades of the 1800s, white Americans entered the rugged lands of Arkansas, which they had little explored before. They established new towns and developed commercial enterprises alongside Native Americans indigenous to Arkansas and other tribes and nations that had relocated there from the East. This history is also the story of Arkansas's people, and is told through numerous biographies, highlighting early life in frontier Arkansas over a period of 200 years. The book provides a categorical look at commerce and portrays the social diversity represented by both prominent and common Arkansans--all grappling for success against extraordinary circumstances.
Robert Brandom is one of the most renowned contemporary American philosophers, discussed widely in analytic as well as continental philosophical communities on both sides of the Atlantic. His innovative approach to language and rationality combines the philosophies of language and mind, epistemology, metaphysics, and logic with intriguing interpretations of historical figures such as Kant, Hegel, and Wittgenstein. Yet, due to its boldly unorthodox and highly technical nature, Brandom's work can also be daunting for the beginner. In this accessible book, Ronald Loeffler provides a critical and clear-headed guide through the maze of Brandom's philosophy. He conveys the pioneering nature of Brandom's approach to language and communication, with its unabashed appropriation of the German Idealistic tradition, and offers focused, sure-footed introductions to all major aspects of Brandom’s thought, including his normative pragmatics and inferential role semantics and his theories of empirical knowledge, logic, linguistic representation, and objectivity. This book will be essential reading for students of philosophy, as well as those in related fields with interests in language, communication, and the nature of norm-governed social interaction.
History of Nebraska was originally created to mark the territorial centennial of Nebraska and then revised to coincide with the statehood centennial. This one-volume history quickly became the standard text for the college student and reference for the general reader, unmatched for generations as the only comprehensive history of the state. This fourth edition, revised and updated, preserves the spirit and intelligence of the original. Incorporating the results of years of scholarship and research, this edition gives fuller attention to such topics as the Native American experience in Nebraska and the accomplishments and circumstances of the state’s women and minorities. It also provides a historical analysis of the state’s dramatic changes in the past two decades.
This reference work lists and describes all known tokens (privately issued substitutes for coins) used from the 1890s gold rush through 1959, when Alaska gained statehood. New to this edition are tokens from the Yukon Territory, with extensive coverage of Yukon tokens through 1989. Entries describe individual tokens, are arranged alphabetically, and are divided into seven sections: Traditional Alaska Tokens, Alaska Transportation Tokens, Alaska Food Stamp Change Tokens, Alaska Prison Tokens, Metallic Identification Chits, Yukon Territory Metallic Tokens 1897-1945, and Yukon Territory Plastic Tokens 1946-1989. For each token, information includes the issuer, a physical and historical description, and current value.
An examination of the efficacy and safety of psychiatric medications in light of how little is understood about how they work It is estimated that forty-five to fifty percent of all Americans will suffer a mental disorder at some time during their lives. Increasingly, the treatment for these disorders is management with one or more psychiatric drugs, often prescribed by general practitioners. In Pillaged Ronald William Maris evaluates the psychiatric medications commonly used to treat several major types of psychiatric disorders—-including depression and mood disorders, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychotic disorders—asking "do they work as advertised?" and, more importantly, "are they safe?" Answers to these questions are more ambiguous than we might think, Maris explains, because drug manufacturers tend to minimize the adverse effects of their products. Furthermore, the underlying neurobiological theories of how psychiatric drugs work are complex, poorly understood, and often conflicting. Still Americans spend tens of billions of dollars a year on antidepressants and antipsychotics alone. While Maris questions the rampant prescribing of psychiatric medications especially in young people, Pillaged does not suggest that anyone cavalierly discontinue potentially beneficial psychiatric medications without the advice of a qualified mental health professional. The book acknowledges that psychiatric medications are often necessary in treating some psychiatric conditions, but it reminds readers of medication's potential for degrading one's quality of life, contributing to self-destructive behaviors, and even leading to death in a vulnerable minority of patients. Maris advocates an open and honest discussion of data on psychiatric drugs, their effects, and their dangers, and he reminds readers of available alternative, nondrug treatments for psychiatric disorders. By reviewing the history and effects of medications for mental disorders, Maris hopes to educate health care consumers and prescribers to make careful, informed decisions about the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
p>This book is a compilation of quotations from many different sources to enable the reader to get a bigger picture of just where groceries fit into their lifestyle to bring the reader a fuller, more enjoyable life! The Medical profession's concern for the reader's proper use of groceries is also obvious throughout this book. For example, the American Cancer Society is quoted in more chapters than the chapter on cancer alone. Medical authors of books are also quoted throughout the book because of their concern for your health. The reader will learn just how important different groceries are to different lifestyles. Also, they can learn which groceries are for headaches, PMS, indigestion, or any other symptomatic problem. This book is full of information and gives you even more wisdom in grocery shopping by telling you which foods are full of what vitamins and minerals. It also will give some interesting history of where certain food names originated, as well as how to tell the difference between a male and a female watermelon. Dr. Ronald Alan Duskis is a graduate of UCLA and has taught courses at another college on Nutrition and Food. He has been a host on college radio shows dealing with health issues and a guest on numerous shows. He as sold over a hundred copies of this book across America.
Rethinking the Welfare State offers a comprehensive and comparative analysis of social welfare policy in an international context, with a particular emphasis on the US and Canada. The authors investigate the claim that a decentralized delivery of government supported goods and services enables policy objectives to be achieved in a more innovative and efficient way, but at a lower cost. Secondly they examine the effectiveness of the voucher system as a solution to problematic welfare concerns. While this system has shown much promise in improving welfare, there have been problems for institutions unable to attract enough voucher-assisted consumers to ensure their survival. In this context, the authors examine major social programmes such as food stamps, primary and secondary education, post-secondary education, labour market training, childcare, healthcare, legal aid, low-income housing, long-term care and pensions.
Women have always played an important, and dominant, role in social work. Originally published in 1975, their special contribution to the profession is the theme of this book, in which demographic data, biographical material and records of social work organizations are skilfully used to show how women shaped the development of social work from 1860 to the 1970s, often in the face of strong male resistance. Covering the earlier years of the period, Dr Walton examines the links with the general movement for women’s rights as well as differences in the attitudes of women social workers to those of the suffrage movement. He shows how the growing influx of men into social work in more recent times has affected the position of their female colleagues. He discusses variations in the proportion of sexes in probation, psychiatric social work, child welfare and medical social work, analyses typical patterns of employment for women social workers, and evaluates the appointment, in 1971, of directors of the social services. The author also looks into the future, exploring the potential contribution of women to the social work profession, with suggestions as to how the problems of women’s employment in social work might be overcome.
With a few notable exceptions, historians have tended to ignore the role that science and medicine played in the antebellum South. The fourteen essays in Science and Medicine in the Old South help to redress that neglect by considering scientific and medical developments in the early nineteenth-century South and by showing the ways in which the South’s scientific and medical activities differed from those of other regions. The book is divided into two sections. The essays in the first section examine the broad background of science in the South between 1830 and 1860; the second section addresses medicine specifically. The essays frequently counterpoint each other. In the first section, Ronald Numbers and Janet Numbers argue that he South’s failure to “keep pace” with the North in scientific areas resulted from demographic factors. William Scarborough asserts that slavery produced a social structure that encouraged agricultural and political careers rather than scientific and industrial ones. Charles Dew offers a strong indictment of slavery, suggesting that the conservative influence of the institution severely discouraged the adoption of modern technologies. Other essays examine institutions of higher learning in the South, southern scientific societies, and the relationship between science and theology. The section on medicine in the Old South also examines the ways in which the medical needs and practices of the Old South were both similar to and distinct from those of other regions. K. David Patterson argues that slavery in effect imported African diseases into the Southeast and created a “modified West African disease environment.” James H. Cassedy points out that land-management policies determined by slavery—land clearing, soil exhaustion—also helped created a distinctive disease environment. Other contributors discuss southern public health problems, domestic medicine, slave folk beliefs, and the special medical needs of blacks. Science and Medicine in the Old South is a long-overdue examination of these segments of the southern cultural milieu. These essays will do much to clarify misconceptions about the time and the region; moreover, they suggest directions for future research.
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