Biophysics is the science of physical principles underlying the "phenomenon of life" on all levels of organization. This book begins by explaining molecular and ionic interactions, movements, excitation and energy transfer, and the self-organization of supramolecular structures. Then the biological organism is introduced as a non-equilibrium system. Finally, system analyses are discussed as well as environmental biophysics, ecological interactions, growth, differentiation, and evolution. A growing number of applications in biotechnology are based on these biophysical concepts.
Quantum Field Theory has become the universal language of most modern theoretical physics. This introductory textbook shows how this beautiful theory offers the correct mathematical framework to describe and understand the fundamental interactions of elementary particles. The book begins with a brief reminder of basic classical field theories, electrodynamics and general relativity, as well as their symmetry properties, and proceeds with the principles of quantisation following Feynman's path integral approach. Special care is used at every step to illustrate the correct mathematical formulation of the underlying assumptions. Gauge theories and the problems encountered in their quantisation are discussed in detail. The last chapters contain a full description of the Standard Model of particle physics and the attempts to go beyond it, such as grand unified theories and supersymmetry. Written for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in physics and mathematics, the book could also serve as a reference for active researchers in the field.
Knowledge of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) of the kidney and of the synthesis and secretion of renin has increased to such an extent over the past few years that it is now appropriate to summarize this knowledge in a monograph on the JGA, the first of its kind. It was the authors' special concern to demonstrate the association between structure and function for renin secretion, not only within the juxtaglomerular region, but also in the region of the renal cortex beyond the JGA. The description of the pathology of the human JGA, studded with references to experimental findings but nevertheless fully self-contained, should help to make this monograph also useful for clinicians.
This book describes all aspects of the technique of small-angle scattering of X-rays and neutrons, including instrumentation, sample requirements, data interpretation and modelling methods, in a comprehensive way and gives examples of applications in various fields of biophysics and biochemistry.
The war instinct is part of human nature, but the means to fight war depend on technology. Alex Roland traces the co-evolution of technology and warfare from the Stone Age to the age of cyberwar, describing the inventions that changed the direction of warfare throughout history: from fortified walls, the chariot, battleships, and the gunpowder revolution to bombers, rockets, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and nuclear weapons. In the twenty-first century, new technologies continue to push warfare in unexpected directions, while warfare stimulates stunning new technological advances. Yet even now, the newest and best technology cannot guarantee victory. Brimming with dramatic narratives of battles and deep insights into military psychology, this book shows that although military technologies keep changing at great speed, the principles and patterns behind them abide.
A breach of fair and equitable treatment is alleged in almost every investor-state dispute. It has therefore become a controversial norm, which touches many questions at the heart of general international law. In this book, Roland Kläger sheds light on these controversies by exploring the deeper doctrinal foundations of fair and equitable treatment and reviewing its contentious relationship with the international minimum standard. The norm is also discussed in light of the fragmentation of international law, theories of international justice and rational balancing, and the idea of constitutionalism in international law. In this vein, a shift in the way of addressing fair and equitable treatment is proposed by focusing on the process of justificatory reasoning.
A practical introduction to modern cryptography using the Transport Layer Security protocol as the primary reference Key Features Learn about real-world cryptographic pitfalls and how to avoid them Understand past attacks on TLS, how these attacks worked, and how they were fixed Discover the inner workings of modern cryptography and its application within TLS Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Book DescriptionTLS is the most widely used cryptographic protocol today, enabling e-commerce, online banking, and secure online communication. Written by Dr. Paul Duplys, Security, Privacy & Safety Research Lead at Bosch, and Dr. Roland Schmitz, Internet Security Professor at Stuttgart Media University, this book will help you gain a deep understanding of how and why TLS works, how past attacks on TLS were possible, and how vulnerabilities that enabled them were addressed in the latest TLS version 1.3. By exploring the inner workings of TLS, you’ll be able to configure it and use it more securely. Starting with the basic concepts, you’ll be led step by step through the world of modern cryptography, guided by the TLS protocol. As you advance, you’ll be learning about the necessary mathematical concepts from scratch. Topics such as public-key cryptography based on elliptic curves will be explained with a view on real-world applications in TLS. With easy-to-understand concepts, you’ll find out how secret keys are generated and exchanged in TLS, and how they are used to creating a secure channel between a client and a server. By the end of this book, you’ll have the knowledge to configure TLS servers securely. Moreover, you’ll have gained a deep knowledge of the cryptographic primitives that make up TLS.What you will learn Understand TLS principles and protocols for secure internet communication Find out how cryptographic primitives are used within TLS V1.3 Discover best practices for secure configuration and implementation of TLS Evaluate and select appropriate cipher suites for optimal security Get an in-depth understanding of common cryptographic vulnerabilities and ways to mitigate them Explore forward secrecy and its importance in maintaining confidentiality Understand TLS extensions and their significance in enhancing TLS functionality Who this book is for This book is for IT professionals, cybersecurity professionals, security engineers, cryptographers, software developers, and administrators looking to gain a solid understanding of TLS specifics and their relationship with cryptography. This book can also be used by computer science and computer engineering students to learn about key cryptographic concepts in a clear, yet rigorous way with its applications in TLS. There are no specific prerequisites, but a basic familiarity with programming and mathematics will be helpful.
Accessible to all, this book teaches the essentials to anyone who wants to become an effective and independent Debian GNU/Linux administrator. It covers all the topics that a competent Linux administrator should master, from the installation and the update of the system, up to the creation of packages and the compilation of the kernel, but also monitoring, backup and migration, without forgetting advanced topics like SELinux setup to secure services, automated installations, or virtualization with Xen, KVM or LXC. Learn more about the book on http: //debian-handbook.info
The condensed phases of helium three provide an exciting laboratory for many fundamental questions in condensed matter physics. Due to its light mass and weak interatomic potential, the condensed phases of helium display quantum effects more dramatically than any other atomic system. Intuitionbased on classical experience is often misleading in these phases: the solid phase for instance is less ordered at low temperature than the liquid phase. The present book is unique in covering all the low temperature properties of helium three as liquid, superfluid, and solid. It provides anintroduction to the extensive literature on helium three from the point of view of an experimentalist, and includes the analogy of its properties with the cosmological 'big bang'. Graduate students, researchers, and professionals in condensed matter physics and low temperature physics will findthis the standard reference work for the decade to come.
The Word Biblical Commentary delivers the best in biblical scholarship, from the leading scholars of our day who share a commitment to Scripture as divine revelation. This series emphasizes a thorough analysis of textual, linguistic, structural, and theological evidence. The result is judicious and balanced insight into the meanings of the text in the framework of biblical theology. These widely acclaimed commentaries serve as exceptional resources for the professional theologian and instructor, the seminary or university student, the working minister, and everyone concerned with building theological understanding from a solid base of biblical scholarship. Overview of Commentary Organization Introduction—covers issues pertaining to the whole book, including context, date, authorship, composition, interpretive issues, purpose, and theology. Each section of the commentary includes: Pericope Bibliography—a helpful resource containing the most important works that pertain to each particular pericope. Translation—the author’s own translation of the biblical text, reflecting the end result of exegesis and attending to Hebrew and Greek idiomatic usage of words, phrases, and tenses, yet in reasonably good English. Notes—the author’s notes to the translation that address any textual variants, grammatical forms, syntactical constructions, basic meanings of words, and problems of translation. Form/Structure/Setting—a discussion of redaction, genre, sources, and tradition as they concern the origin of the pericope, its canonical form, and its relation to the biblical and extra-biblical contexts in order to illuminate the structure and character of the pericope. Rhetorical or compositional features important to understanding the passage are also introduced here. Comment—verse-by-verse interpretation of the text and dialogue with other interpreters, engaging with current opinion and scholarly research. Explanation—brings together all the results of the discussion in previous sections to expose the meaning and intention of the text at several levels: (1) within the context of the book itself; (2) its meaning in the OT or NT; (3) its place in the entire canon; (4) theological relevance to broader OT or NT issues. General Bibliography—occurring at the end of each volume, this extensive bibliographycontains all sources used anywhere in the commentary.
Biological chemistry is a major frontier of inorganic chemistry. Three special volumes devoted to Metal Sites in Proteins and Models address the questions: How unusual ('entatic') are metal sites in metalloproteins and metalloenzymes compared to those in small coordination complexes? And if they are special, how do polypeptide chains and co-factors control this? The chapters deal with iron, with metal centres acting as Lewis acids, metals in phosphate enzymes, with vanadium, and with the wide variety of transition metal ions which act as redox centres. They illustrate in particular how the combined armoury of genetics and structure determination at the molecular level are providing unprecedented new tools for molecular engineering.
In considering the geology of Western Gondwana, this text covers: the Pan-African-Brasiliano cratons; the Pan-African-Brasiliano fold belts; and amosaic of Pan-African-Brasiliano mini-cratons and mino-fold belts: Northeast Brazil and the Central-Western portion of Africa.
The Small Faces & Other Stories is a trip back in time, charting the rise and fall of one of the Sixties most energetic and successful bands. It is the extraordinary story of how this bold four-piece, led by mercurial cockney Steve Marriot, found fame and then splintered by the end of the decade to evolve into Humble Pie with Peter Frampton, and the Faces fronted by Rod Stewart. Along the way their trademark songs Itchycoo Park, All or Nothing, Stay With Me and Baby I Love Your Way would influence future generations of musicians such as Paul Weller, Ocean Colour Scene and Blur. By way of anecdote, interview and analysis, Uli Twelker and Roland Schmitt lift the lid on the bands’ complex histories and the explosive characters involved that built one of rock music’s most enduring and successful family trees.
All fourteen major peacebuilding missions launched between 1989 and 1999 shared a common strategy for consolidating peace after internal conflicts: immediate democratization and marketization. Transforming war-shattered states into market democracies is basically sound, but pushing this process too quickly can have damaging and destabilizing effects. The process of liberalization is inherently tumultuous, and can undermine the prospects for stable peace. A more sensible approach to post-conflict peacebuilding would seek, first, to establish a system of domestic institutions that are capable of managing the destabilizing effects of democratization and marketization within peaceful bounds and only then phase in political and economic reforms slowly, as conditions warrant. Peacebuilders should establish the foundations of effective governmental institutions prior to launching wholesale liberalization programs. Avoiding the problems that marred many peacebuilding operations in the 1990s will require longer-lasting and, ultimately, more intrusive forms of intervention in the domestic affairs of these states. This book was first published in 2004.
The book deals with the long and rich scholarship on India in France since the beginning of 19th Century, with particular reference to the work of Louis Dumont. It considers the works of scholars and the essayists, poets, or esotericists who published on India and shows that Dumont has been influenced by both groups. The book draws on archives and empirical material.
The enormous size of polymer molecules causes their molecular motions to span a broad range of length scales and give rise to viscoelastic behaviour. This rate-dependence of the properties is a predominant characteristic of soft materials (rubbers, biopolymers, lubricants, adhesives, etc.). Improving the performance and developing new applications for soft materials require an understanding of the basic principles of how molecular motions underlie physical properties. This text is intended to provide grounding in fundamental aspects of the dynamic behavior of rubbery materials, adopting a molecular perspective in its treatment to emphasize how microscopic processes are connected to the observed macroscopic behavior. The latest discoveries and advances in the science and technology of rubbery materials are described and critically analyzed.
In this book you will learn how the public cloud is significantly changing the cost structures of digital business models and thus existing markets. The relationships between the cloud architectures used, the organization of the company and the price and business models that are possible as a result are shown clearly and so that they can be used in your own company. The authors explain how, one after the other, more and more markets are becoming digital markets and what role marginal costs play in this. They describe how cloud-based IT is disrupting classic IT. This enables small teams to build scalable business models worldwide at zero marginal costs with little investment. The economic effects are clearly illustrated using specific examples. In addition, technical laypeople get an overview of which factors are particularly important for the competitiveness of their digital business models and how managers can influence them. Finally, the book gives practitioners specific guidelines on how the cloud transformation can be carried out in their company. The book is aimed primarily at executives and employees in the specialist departments and IT who want to drive the cloud transformation in their companies. This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition, Cloud-Transformation by Roland Frank, Gregor Schumacher and Andreas Tamm published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2019. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.
The book aims to highlight the distinct challenges and opportunities that character education faces across several European countries, including Austria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Slovakia, and Spain. By examining character education landscapes in these diverse contexts, this work provides insights into specific hurdles and potential avenues for advancement in promoting character development and positive impact across the region and beyond. Through a detailed analysis of country reports, practices, and research findings, the book sheds light on varying approaches to character education. It emphasizes the need for tailored strategies that resonate with each country"s cultural, social, and educational landscapes. These approaches, including traditional, liberal, psychological, and neo-Aristotelian, share a common goal of fostering strong character dispositions but diverge in their philosophical foundations, pedagogical methods, and political assumptions. While European character education grapples with significant challenges, its multifaceted approaches —particularly the neo-Aristotelian— offer robust strategies for developing character dispositions. By overcoming these challenges and harnessing the highlighted opportunities, character education in Europe has the potential to effectively address contemporary educational and societal needs and contribute to more flourishing school environments.
The field of Global History has experienced an unprecedented boom in the last two decades and carved itself deeply into the practice of historical research. Despite this, its conceptual foundations have rarely been explored. This introduction to what Global History is brings together theory and practice with 6 key concepts, delivered through 6 accessible case studies. Re-evaluating the central concerns and key approaches in the field, it offers an up-to-date discussion of the foundations of Global History, its guiding questions, and principal methods 'at work'. Doing Global History offers students valuable insights into the ways general concepts can be used and applied when doing historical research. The 6 concepts- connections, actors, structures, space, time and transit- and their accompanying examples will not only help readers to get a solid grasp of what global history means, but will stimulate further engagement in the field. Wenzlhuemer successfully shows that global history is best considered as a perspective, not a theory or paradigm, and guides the reader through ways it can be used in practice to draw new and exciting conclusions. Tailored for classroom and student use, this book will be invaluable to advanced undergraduates and postgraduates of Global History.
This new edition of the universally acclaimed and widely-used textbook on fungal biology has been completely re-written, drawing directly on the authors' research and teaching experience. The text takes account of the rapid and exciting progress that has been made in the taxonomy, cell and molecular biology, biochemistry, pathology and ecology of the fungi. Features of taxonomic relevance are integrated with natural functions, including their relevance to human affairs. Special emphasis is placed on the biology and control of human and plant pathogens, providing a vital link between fundamental and applied mycology. The book is richly illustrated throughout with specially prepared drawings and photographs, based on living material. Illustrated life-cycles are provided, and technical terms are clearly explained. Extensive reference is made to recent literature and developments, and the emphasis throughout is on whole-organism biology from an integrated, multidisciplinary perspective.
The essential guide to Joyce’s famously difficult book. Roland McHugh’s classic Annotations to Finnegans Wake provides both novice readers and seasoned Joyceans with a wealth of information in an easy-to-use format uniquely suited to this densely layered text. Each page of the Annotations corresponds directly to a page of the standard Viking/Penguin edition of Finnegans Wake and contains line-by-line notes following the placement of the passages to which they refer, enabling readers to look directly from text to notes and back again, with no need to consult separate glossaries or other listings. McHugh’s richly detailed annotations distill decades of scholarship, explicating foreign words, unusual English connotations and colloquial expressions, place names, historical events, song titles and quotations, parodies of other texts, and Joyce’s diverse literary and popular sources. This thoroughly updated fourth edition draws heavily on Internet resources and keyword searches. For the first time, McHugh provides readers with a synopsis of the action of Finnegans Wake. He also expands his examination of possible textual corruption and adds hundreds of new glosses to help scholars, students, and general readers untangle the dense thicket of allusions that crowds every sentence of Joyce’s nearly inscrutable masterpiece.
The investigation of the cortical structure of stimulus-response pathways is the central subject of this book. The investigation comprises measurement of reaction times and recording of event-related potentials, the computer assisted evaluation of these empirical data and the mathematical description of these pathways. The investigation is completed by a hypothetical neural interpretation and a comparison of the pathways of healthy subjects, patients with brain tumors, and patients with schizophrenia. The author has chosen a completely new approach by describing the structure of the stimulus-response pathways by mathematical equations and by presenting a hypothetical neural interpretation of this structure, and by simulating these pathways in computer programs. This volume presents a neural theory of simple mental processes like stimulus-response sequences. Knowing the neural correlate of decision making would have far reaching consequences for the neurosciences. The readers will benefit from new insights into the physical substrate of mental processes.
Insurance Economics brings together the economic analysis of decision making under risk, risk management and demand for insurance among individuals and corporations, objectives pursued and management tools used by insurance companies, the regulation of insurance, and the division of labor between private and social insurance. Appropriate both for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of economics, management, and finance, this text provides the background required to understand current research. Predictions derived from theoretical arguments are not merely stated, but also related to empirical evidence. Throughout the book, conclusions summarize key results, helping readers to check their knowledge and comprehension. Issues discussed include paradoxes in decision making under risk and attempts at their resolution, moral hazard and adverse selection including the possibility of a “death spiral”, and future challenges to both private and social insurance such as globalization and the availability of genetic information. This second edition has been extensively revised. Most importantly, substantial content has been added to represent the evolution of risk-related research. A new chapter, Insurance Demand II: Nontraditional Approaches, provides a timely addition in view of recent developments in risk theory and insurance. Previous discussions of Enterprise Risk Management, long-term care insurance, adverse selection, and moral hazard have all been updated. In an effort to expand the global reach of the text, evidence and research from the U.S. and China have also been added.
This book provides new insights into how change occurs in international law, through a uniquely comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms that allow the 'old' treaty-framework of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea to respond to changing circumstances.
Organic photovoltaic is an attractive technology to solve future energy supply scenarios. To further increase the potential of this technology novel absorber materials and interface materials have to be developed. In this work the paramount importance of interface materials for efficient as well as stable organic photovoltaic cells and modules is demonstrated. The general requirements of interface materials are elaborated and properties of a novel interface material which meets the demands are investigated experimentally and by simulations.
Roland Benedikter and Karim Fathi describe the pluri-dimensional characteristics of the Coronavirus crisis and draw the pillars for a more “multi-resilient” Post-Corona world, including political recommendations on how to generate it.
The first part provides a general introduction to the electronic structure of quasi-two-dimensional systems with a particular focus on group-theoretical methods. The main part of the monograph is devoted to spin-orbit coupling phenomena at zero and nonzero magnetic fields. Throughout the book, the main focus is on a thorough discussion of the physical ideas and a detailed interpretation of the results. Accurate numerical calculations are complemented by simple and transparent analytical models that capture the important physics.
Filled with a comprehensive collection of information from experts in the commodity investment industry, this detailed guide shows readers how to successfully incorporate commodities into their portfolios. Created with both the professional and individual investor in mind, The Handbook of Commodity Investments covers a wide range of issues, including the risk and return of commodities, diversification benefits, risk management, macroeconomic determinants of commodity investments, and commodity trading advisors. Starting with the basics of commodity investments and moving to more complex topics, such as performance measurement, asset pricing, and value at risk, The Handbook of Commodity Investments is a reliable resource for anyone who needs to understand this dynamic market.
Mantrailing describes an extraordinary connection between humans and dogs, which not only creates memories, but can even be used within lifesaving. With their incredible nose, it is very easy for dogs to pick up a person's individual scent and track them for miles and days. Within the police, the rescue service and even the fire department, dogs thus represent indispensable companions and aids that can save people from certain death. The contents of the book include: - Mantrailing - What is it? - The different basics - Basictrailing - The different levels of performance - Sporttrailing - The trail - Tips for quick learning - Conclusion However, Mantrailing is not considered only one category, but it is a generic term that also includes Basictrailing and Sporttrailing. So dogs can work with their sniffer nose not only in life rescue, but also spend very nice hours together with their owner through a natural workout, away from difficult terrain and time pressure within life rescue. Thus, man's best friend can experience an indescribable feeling of exaltation on a pleasant walk when he suddenly finds a person hiding voluntarily. This book was written for all those who want to create common memories with their dog. Both basic training and professional and performance levels are described.
This book consists of five introductory contributions by leading mathematicians on the functional analytic treatment of evolutions equations. In particular the contributions deal with Markov semigroups, maximal L^p-regularity, optimal control problems for boundary and point control systems, parabolic moving boundary problems and parabolic nonautonomous evolution equations. The book is addressed to PhD students, young researchers and mathematicians doing research in one of the above topics.
The present volume deals with specific aspects of neuropathology for forensic and clinical neuropathologists, with particular emphasis on their relevance to everyday practice. Each chapter includes an overview of the literature as well as specific references and features a wealth of figures, graphs, and tables.
Die Bedeutung von Dämmstoffen ist ungebrochen hoch. Das Angebot steigt kontinuierlich. Durch ihre wärmedämmende Wirkung tragen sie zur Einsparung von Heiz- und Kühlenergie sowie zur Reduktion des CO2-Austoßes bei. Detail Practice Insulating Materials bietet einen umfassenden Katalog von Dämmstoffen für den Hochbau. Erläuterungen zu den einzelnen Dämmstoffarten geben Aufschluss über enthaltene Rohstoffe, typische Eigenschaften, Anwendungsbereiche und Lieferformen. Tabellen mit physikalischen Kennwerten und Angaben zum Brandverhalten sowie Hinweise zur Gesundheits- und Umweltverträglichkeit machen die Dämmstoffe vergleichbar. Ein Überblick über die europäischen Rechtsvorschriften sowie Dämmstoffnormen mit Erläuterungen zur Produktkennzeichnung und -zertifizierung hilft bei der Planung und Ausschreibung. Für die Auswahl des passenden Dämmstoffes werden Kriterien für Konstruktion und Anwendung vorgestellt. Ergänzend hierzu eröffnet die differenzierte Betrachtung der ökologischen Wirkungen von Dämmstoffen ein großes Optimierungspotenzial für ihren nachhaltigen Einsatz.
The Life and Works of Lev Ivanov is the first book-length study in any language about this Russian artist - Marius Petipa's colleague and Tchaikovsky's collaborator - who is widely celebrated and yet virtually unknown. It follows Ivanov from his infancy in a St Petersburg foundling home through his training in the Imperial Theatre School and his celebrity marriage, to a career as a dancer, régisseur, and choreographer in the St Petersburg Imperial Ballet. Ivanov's artistic world is described, as is his legacy - some dozen works, including Swan Lake, The Nutcracker, and the famous dances from Prince Igor - which inspired Mikhail Fokine in the next generation. The book is richly documented, including the first complete publication of Ivanov's memoirs, and hundreds of citations, many published here for the first time, from state documents, reminiscences, and criticism.
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