Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy" discusses the use of optical resonators and lasers to make sensitive spectroscopic measurements. This volume is written by the researcchers who pioneered these methods. The book reviews both the theory and practice behind these spectroscopic tools and discusses the scientific discoveries uncovered by these techniques. It begins with a chapter on the use of optical resonators for frequency stabilization of lasers, which is followed by in-depth chapters discussing cavity ring-down spectroscopy, frequency-modulated, cavity-enhanced spectroscopy, intracavity spectroscopies, microresonators and cavity-enhanced comb filters. This book is aimed towards a reader with a background in optics and spectroscopy, but who is unfamiliar with the methods discussed in the book.*Practical implementation informationComprehensive review of cavity-enhanced methods*Written by the researchers who pioneered these spectroscopies*Discusses cavity-enhanced optical instrumentationReviews scientific discoveries unearthed using these methods
This bibliography contains everything that has been published in the West--except from Russia--about the relations between the Low Countries (Belgium and the Netherlands) and Russia--in every Western language"--P. [4] of cover.
Throughout history the control of land has been the basis of political power. Cadastral maps - cartographic records of property ownership - played an important role in the rise of modern Europe as tools for the consolidation and extension of land-based national power. The Cadastral Map in the Service of the State: A History of Properly Mapping, illustrated with 127 maps, traces the development and application of rural property mapping in Europe and European colonies from the Renaissance through the nineteenth century. The authors go beyond traditional cartographic research, approaching the maps as political instruments rather than as simple geographical or historical tools. The result is an unprecedented examination of the political and economic forces behind the production of maps and advances in cartography, demonstrating how the seemingly neutral science of cartography became a political instrument for national interests. Beginning with a review of the roots of cadastral mapping in the Roman Empire, the authors concentrate on the use of cadastral maps in the Netherlands, France, England, the Nordic countries, the German lands, the territories of the Austrian Habsburgs, and the European colonies. During the seventeenth century, governments began to use maps to secure economic and political bases; by the nineteenth century, these maps had become tools for aggressive governmental control of land as tax bases, natural resources, and national territories. The culmination of extensive bibliographic and archival research made possible by the authors' considerable linguistic skills, this work draws from source materials in ten languages and spanning five centuries. It will remain thedefinitive source on the subject for years to come. The Cadastral Map in the Service of the State was awarded the 1991 Kenneth Nebenzahl Prize for the best new manuscript in the history of cartography.
Prepared under the aegis of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), this text presents a fresh and comprehensive look at agricultural development policy. It provides a clear, systematic review of important classes of policy issues in developing countries and discusses the emerging international consensus on viable approaches to the issues. The text is unique in its coverage and depth and it: Summarises hundreds of references on agricultural development policies Cites policy experiences and applied studies in more than 70 countries Provides guidance for policy makers giving examples of successes and failures Reviews issues related to the formulation of strategies and the requirements for making them successful Develops the conceptual foundations and illustrates policies that have worked, and some that have not, with explanations Topics covered include agriculture’s role in economic development, the objectives and strategies of agricultural policy, linkages between macroeconomic and agricultural policy, policies for the agricultural financial system and agricultural technology development. Upper level undergraduates taking courses in Economic Development and International Development and graduates taking courses in Agricultural Development, International and Economic Development, Natural Resource Management and specialised topics in agriculture will find this text of great interest. It also serves as a reference for professionals and researchers in the field of International Development.
Sir George Downing first served under the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell as diplomat in the Dutch Republic. Following the Restoration of Charles II in 1660 he transferred his allegiance to the new regime and was re-appointed to the post in The Hague. This period was characterized by fierce trade rivalry, which formed the background to the mid-century Anglo-Dutch wars. His defence of English commercial interests against the Dutch was crucial to his development as one of England's leading mercantilists. "A fearful gentleman" shows that both extremes of Downing's reputation stem from his experience and activities in the Republic: the odium resulting from his rounding up and delivery to their deaths of the new King's former enemies, and acknowledgement of Downing's role as administrator and reformer of English public finance, based on his observation of the more sophisticated Dutch system.
This highly illustrated book brings together many concepts related to skin care and antioxidant usage in one convenient text. The second edition now contains the latest antioxidants being marketed, and an analysis of risks and benefits associated.
This is a description of how the Nine Years War affected the British Army, both in its actual operations in the theatre of war and in its size, operative capacity and costs. This war brought about radical changes in the sizes and the associated costs of the armies of Britain, France, Austria and the United Provinces in a relatively short period. For example, the size of field armies grew from an average of about 25,000 men during the Thirty Years' War to an average of about 100,000 men in 1695 during the Nine Years War. The costs of sustaining such huge field forces in terms of food, equipment and pay brought Britain and France, in particular, fiscal crisis and a shattered economy respectively, after the peace.
For medical students, generalists, and specialists alike, Netter's Obstetrics & Gynecology, 4th Edition, provides superbly illustrated, up-to-date information on the conditions and problems most often encountered in OB/GYN practice. Classic Netter images are paired with concise, evidence-based descriptions of common diseases, conditions, diagnostics, treatments, and protocols. Large, clear illustrations and short, to-the-point text provide quick, authoritative access to expert medical thinking—perfect for gaining knowledge of this complex field, for everyday clinical practice, or for staff and patient education. - Features concise, exquisitely illustrated coverage of Anatomy and Embryology, Gynecology and Women's Health, and Obstetrics. - Contains more than 300 exquisite Netter images, as well as new, recent paintings by Carlos Machado, that provide a quick and memorable overview of each disease or condition. - Includes eleven new chapters, including Sexuality and Gender Dysphoria, Alcohol Abuse in Women, Anal Incontinence, Cardiovascular Disease in Women, Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause, Hereditary Cancer Syndromes, External Cephalic Version, and more.
In the mid 1800s, deep in the Long Island pine barrens, Modem Times was established as an experimental community whose members would not be bound by any government, church, constitution, or bylaws. Never more than 150 strong, set on a plat of only 90 acres, here was a haven for nonconformists. lts currency was words; its religion was discussion; its standard of conduce was unfettered individual freedom. Low Living and High Thinking at Modern Times, New York rescues this model village from obscurity and demonstrates its importance in the history of American communitarianism and social reform, especially in its pursuit of economic justice, women's rights, and free love. The first full-length study of Modem Times, Wunderlich's account offers telling portraits of this small but significant group of reformers, pioneers, freethinkers, and sexual radicals. For 13 years they tested the precepts of the founders of the community, the philosophical anarchists Josiah Warren and Stephen Pearl Andrews, who advocated the sovereignty of the individual and private, but profitless enterprise. Each person lived as he or she pleased, provided this did not impair the right of another to do the same; and each traded goods and services at cost, rather than market value, enabling cash-poor pioneers co own homesteads. The community championed every kind of reform, from abolitionism, women's rights, and vegetarianism co hydropathy, pacifism, total abstinence, and the bloomer costume. Indifference co marital status and the advocacy of a free-love vanguard contributed to the community's controversial and somewhat illicit reputation. In 1864, seeking to remove themselves from the limelight, Modem Times's remaining settlers renamed the village Brentwood. Wunderlich pieces together the village, person-by-person, by relying on primary sources such as land deeds, census entries, and eyewitness accounts. He also sheds new light on Warren and Andrews, two key figures in the communitarian movement, and discusses at length such important contemporaries as Thomas and Mary Gove Nichols, Robert Owen, John Humphrey Noyes, Horace Greeley, John Stuart Mill, Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and George Ripley.
The first unequivocal success for Gene Therapy was reported in April 2000 for X-SCID patients. Pioneering stem cell/gene therapy clinical trials are the focus of this book. Therapy successes such as the X-SCID trial and improved ADA-SCID ones are presented together with pioneering angio/vasculogenic clinical trials mediated either by transient gene
The fractionation of human blood plasma can be considered to be a mature industry, with the basic technology, alcohol fractionation, dating back at least to the 1940s. Many of the products described in the current work have been approved biologics since the 1950s. The information gathered from the development of plasma proteins has proved vital to
Description and discussion of the many aspects of Parkinson disease (PD) is dogged by the fact that PD is an ambiguous concept. What we call PD is an etiologically and clinically heterogeneous meta-syndrome overlapping a number of other disorders. Definitions, diagnostic criteria, and classification schema provide essential common vocabularies for communication among clinicians and researchers. Definitions, diagnostic criteria, and classification schemes for PD, however, are constructs imposed on variable and imperfectly understood disease biology. Difficulties with formulation of PD definitions, diagnostic criteria, and classification schemes include historical and contemporary use of competing definitions of PD, disease heterogeneity, the existence of disorders with overlapping clinical and pathological features, and ambiguous use of the terms disease and syndrome. For the purposes of exposition and discussion in this book, an inclusive, perhaps vague, definition of PD is employed:
Largely driven by major improvements in the analytical capability of mass spectrometry, proteomics is being applied to broader areas of experimental biology, ranging from oncology research to plant biology to environmental health. However, while it has already eclipsed solution protein chemistry as a discipline, it is still essentially an extension
The MRCPsych examinations, conducted by the Royal College of Psychiatrists are the most important exams for psychiatric trainee to achieve specialist accreditation. Written by authors with previous exam experience and edited by the distinguished team behind Revision Notes in Psychiatry, Get Through MRCPsych Paper A: Mock Examination Papers provides candidates with the most realistic and up-to-date MCQ and EMIs, closely matched to themes appearing most often in the Paper A exam.
This book first reviews the case that brain oscillations not only are important for cognition, as long suspected, but also play a part in the expression of signs and symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders. The cellular mechanisms of many of the clinically relevant oscillations have been studied by the authors and their colleagues, using in vitro slice methods as well as detailed computer simulations. A surprising insight is that gap junctions between principal neurons play an absolutely critical role in so many types of oscillation in neuronal populations; oscillations are not just the result of properties of individual neurons and their synaptic connections. Furthermore, the way in which gap junctions produce oscillations in the cortex is novel, involving as it does global properties of networks, rather than just the time constants of membrane currents. This insight has implications for therapeutics as well as for our understanding of normal brain functions.
Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation is an A-Z listing of drugs by generic name. Each monograph is a careful and exhaustive summary of the literature as it relates to drugs and their known or possible effects to the fetus in pregnancy and to the baby through lacation. Each monograph is templated to include generic US name, Pharmacologic class, Risk factor, Fetal risk summary, Breast feeding, and References. This edition includes access to the entire contents of the book, which will be updated quarterly, initially.
Featuring every review Ebert wrote from January 2001 to mid-June 2003, this treasury also includes his essays, interviews, film festival reports, and In Memoriams, along with his famous star ratings.
Having undergone profound material, aesthetic, and institutional transformations since the arrival of digital technologies, photography and film frequently intersect in the processes of convergence (the shared technological basis of diverse media in digital code) and remediation (the mutual reshaping of old and new media). However, the foundational relations between film and photography have a long history extending well back into the nineteenth century. This history includes many acclaimed practitioners who have worked in both media, such as Albert Kahn, Helen Levitt, Agnès Varda, Chris Marker, Robert Frank, Wim Wenders, Abbas Kiarostami, and Fiona Tan, but it also involves a range of intermedial forms that combine elements of both media, such as the film still, the film photonovel, and the photofilm. These hybrid forms were long neglected critically because they were considered marginal forms of paratextuality or deviations from medium specificity-the idea that a medium must be deployed according to its own specific capacities compared to other media"--
Featuring 127 new drug entries, the eighth edition of this popular reference provides practical, reliable information on more than 1,175 drugs that may be used by pregnant and lactating women.
Looks at the importance of cooperation in human beings and in nature, arguing that this social tool is as important an aspect of evolution as mutation and natural selection.
This unique, day-by-day compilation of important events helps students understand and appreciate five centuries of Native American history. Encompassing more than 500 years, American Indian History Day by Day: A Reference Guide to Events is a marvelous research tool. Students will learn what occurred on a specific day, read a brief description of events, and find suggested books and websites they can turn to for more information. The guide's unique treatment and chronological arrangement make it easy for students to better understand specific events in Native American history and to trace broad themes across time. The book covers key occurrences in Native American history from 1492 to the present. It discusses native interactions with European explorers, missionaries and colonists, as well as the shifting Indian policies of the U.S. government since the nation's founding. Contemporary events, such as the opening of Indian casinos, are also covered. In addition to accessing comprehensive information about frequently researched topics in Native American history, students will benefit from discussions of lesser-known subjects and events whose causes and significance are often misunderstood.
**WINNER OF THE 2020 NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS** The Road to Reality is the most important and ambitious work of science for a generation. It provides nothing less than a comprehensive account of the physical universe and the essentials of its underlying mathematical theory. It assumes no particular specialist knowledge on the part of the reader, so that, for example, the early chapters give us the vital mathematical background to the physical theories explored later in the book. Roger Penrose's purpose is to describe as clearly as possible our present understanding of the universe and to convey a feeling for its deep beauty and philosophical implications, as well as its intricate logical interconnections. The Road to Reality is rarely less than challenging, but the book is leavened by vivid descriptive passages, as well as hundreds of hand-drawn diagrams. In a single work of colossal scope one of the world's greatest scientists has given us a complete and unrivalled guide to the glories of the universe that we all inhabit. 'Roger Penrose is the most important physicist to work in relativity theory except for Einstein. He is one of the very few people I've met in my life who, without reservation, I call a genius' Lee Smolin
Since 1996, The Hudson has been an essential guide to the full sweep of the great river's natural history and human heritage. This updated third edition includes the latest information about the ongoing fight against pollution, plus vibrant new full-color illustrations showing the plants and wildlife that make this ecosystem so special.
Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders the latest edition to the Contemporary Neurology Series, will cover the signs, the pathophysiology, the genetics (where applicable), and the treatment options of each form of hyperkinetic movement disorder. There is a presentation of clinically-focused information regarding the full spectrum of neurological and psychiatric conditions characterized by involuntary movements. With Parkinson's disease as the most common hypokinetic movement disorder, the book expands on other hyperkinetic movement disorders where substantial progress has been made in the understanding of the role of the basal ganglia in the pathophysiology of these hyperkinesia disorders and in motor control, muscle tone, posture, and cognitive processes. Although therapies that target pathogenesis are still lacking, effective management of hyperkinetic movement disorders demands that physicians are knowledgeable about current and novel pharmacological and surgical approaches. Following background information about how to approach hyperkinetic movement disorders and the neural circuitry underlying them, there are individual chapters that cover tremor, dystonia, Huntington's disease (and other choreas, athetosis, ballism), Tourette's syndrome (and other tic disorders), habits, mannerisms, compulsions, stereotypies, myoclonus, drug-induced disorders, Wilson's disease, hyperkinetic movement disorders with a peripheral trigger and those of unclear origin, and psychogenic movement disorders. Chapters include sections on clinical phenomenology, etiology and pathogenesis and therapy. There are also on-line resources for clinicians and patients to refer to as well. The experienced authors have specifically selected scientific and other published information that best helps clinicians understand, diagnose and optimally treat hyperkinetic movement disorders. The authors' approach is comprehensive yet focused and practical with an emphasis on clinical care.
Symposium held in Nashville, Tennessee, June 1990. Almost two-thirds of these 91 papers are authored by researchers outside of the US (including information on research in the former USSR, Japan, and Europe). Topics include: current commercial power reactor systems; microstructural characterization
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