An intricate and exquisite tale of how bedtime fears can be transformed into wondrous dreams and magical adventures, by Hans Christian Andersen award–winning Roger Mello As João tucks under a lovingly woven quilt, he asks himself: So it’s just me now? He curls up, getting cozy in bed, and soon the world of his dreams unspools on the page. The blanket in his bed unravels into deep rivers, lakes, valleys, reservoirs, mountain ranges, fishing nets full of tadpoles and gaping holes, until what’s left is just one long thread. When he feels alone and scared in the dark, João “sews words like patchwork” into a new blanket to cover himself up. He weaves the threads of his quilt until they form one long sentence, and soon, the nighttime is peppered with his own silvery, slippery words. Roger Mello draws like a shapeshifter – to look at his illustrations is always to see something you missed before (a stingray, a crescent moon nestled into the palm of João’s hand). His breathtaking line drawings, beaming in white thread against deep red, combined with poetic and bewildered language, make João by a Thread a book to take into bed at the edge of sleep, just before you start to dream.
A unicorn searches for others just like him in this vibrant and shapeshifting tale by Batchelder-Honor author and illustrator, Roger Mello The last of his kind, Griso travels the world searching for unicorn companions. He asks beetles, chameleons, and buffalos if they’ve seen any mythical creatures like him, and all send him on his way saying, “Neither here nor at the edge of the world.” Griso gallops across plains, marshes, and mountains, he trots into the sunset and chats with fearsome narwals by the sea. On each spread, we see Griso rendered in a new artistic style, portrayed as a shadowy cave painting, a chivalrous medieval stead, or lost along a mind-bending surrealist horizon. Griso, the Unique introduces young readers to artistic movements spanning the 7th to 18th century, leaping across time and color with the flip of a page. In Daniel Hahn’s exquisite translation, Griso, the Unique opens the doors to a world of African painting, Tang Dynasty murals, medieval tapestries, and art hidden beneath Egyptian pyramids. A song of color, time, expression, and a fantastical search for belonging by Brazilian visionary, Roger Mello.
From Hans Christian Andersen Award and Batchelder Honor Medal-winning author Roger Mello, a poetic and sensitive portrait of child labor in Brazil's charcoal mines. Beautifully illustrated by Roger Mello with sophisticated, highly textural paper cutouts, Charcoal Boys follows a young boy working in Brazil's charcoal mines. The boy's strength and resilience shine through the darkness in this moving condemnation of child labor.
Small open economies like those making up the countries of the Caribbean region share a number of fundamental problems of economic management which ultimately affect the entire development process. Co-authors Bhoe Tewarie and Roger Hosein use Trinidad and Tobago and the management of its energy resources as a case study to examine some of the development challenges that face countries of the region. They make the point that in spite of that country s abundant energy resources which has allowed it to grow at a comparatively rapid rate, Trinidad and Tobago, like lesser endowed CARICOM partners, has had to cope with challenges such as diversification, human development, managerial capacity and institutional weakness, all of which contributed to seven consecutive years of decline between 1983 and 1990. Not only is the availability of resources no guarantee for economic success, it also creates unique problems and in the case of Trinidad and Tobago, this is manifested in uneven development in the energy sector compared to other sectors of the economy and society. While the volume focuses on Trinidad and Tobago, there is ample discussion of a range of issues that affect the entire region extending from trade within CARICOM to globalization, open regionalism, relations with the United States, human capital formation and the role of education systems and educational policy in the development process. Tewarie and Hosein combine their talents and research in the areas of economics, culture, education, literature, trade and investment, and development generally, to produce a volume that is rich in data and insights into the development process.
The use of the chemical modification of proteins has evolved over the past 80 years, benefiting from advances in analytical, physical, and organic chemistry. Over the past 30 years, the use of chemical reagents to modify proteins has been crucial in determining the function and structure of purified proteins. This groundbreaking work is part of the
This new edition of a classic study assesses the global status of capital punishment. As in previous editions, this work draws on Roger Hood's experiences as consultant to the United Nations for the Secretary General's five-yearly surveys of capital punishment as well as the latest literature from non-governmental organizations and academic experts. This edition examines significant developments around the world including the Chinese plan for the People's Supreme Court to review all death sentences, and the abolition in the USA of the death penalty for offenders who committed murder while under the age of 18. Recent legal challenges to lethal injection as a form of execution are also examined. This edition also includes an additional chapter on the role and influence of victims' families and victim interest movements. This volume shows how, despite a number of set-backs, the movement to abolish the death penalty has continued to gather pace; that international organizations and human rights treaties continue to put pressure on retentionist countries; that further developments have been made in securing protection for those facing the death penalty in retentionist counties; and that, despite such advances, in some parts of the world the range of crimes subject to the death penalty remains wide and the number of executions considerable. This work engages with the latest debates on the realities of capital punishment, with claims that the death penalty is a unique deterrent to murder and other serious crimes, and contains expanded coverage of arguments about the role of public opinion in the debate on capital punishment.
Author Roger King asks a question we may find truly challenging: Could humanity make a huge shift in consciousness and realize we are more naturally polyamorous than monogamous? In this narrative, a vulnerable story emerges when Roger and his partner separate. With heartfelt anger, love, and wisdom, Roger unveils his inner secret, admitting he is a polyamorous man--he loves more than one woman. Roger writes with disarming honesty and offers insights that can help men and women become open and receptive to love without fear. The message is simple, not always easy: You can change your thoughts with radical honesty and change your life. Men: Are you willing to love yourself and make the world safer for us to love each other? Women: Can you trust men with your love? Can we learn to replace jealousy of all types with unconditional love? Can war and terrorism stop and all types of slavery cease? Salvation lies in all of us waking up and learning to love who we truly are. "If a male version of Louise Hay exists, Roger is it!" --Isabelle P. Walker-Lefebvre, Heal Your Life facilitator "Roger walks his talk, and it's so easy to be real around him." --Sam Hardy, business owner Who would be fearful, critical, or jealous of you, if you changed by loving yourself and then shining that love and the powerful miracle within you to create a whole new way of being and living?
A one-stop shop for background and current thinking on the development and uses of rates of return on capital Completely revised for this highly anticipated fifth edition, Cost of Capital contains expanded materials on estimating the basic building blocks of the cost of equity capital, the risk-free rate, and equity risk premium. There is also discussion of the volatility created by the financial crisis in 2008, the subsequent recession and uncertain recovery, and how those events have fundamentally changed how we need to interpret the inputs to the models we use to develop these estimates. The book includes new case studies providing comprehensive discussion of cost of capital estimates for valuing a business and damages calculations for small and medium-sized businesses, cross-referenced to the chapters covering the theory and data. Addresses equity risk premium and the risk-free rate, including the impact of Federal Reserve actions Explores how to use Morningstar's Ibbotson and Duff Phelps Risk Premium Report data Discusses the global cost of capital estimation, including a new size study of European countries Cost of Capital, Fifth Edition puts an emphasis on practical application. To that end, this updated edition provides readers with exclusive access to a companion website filled with supplementary materials, allowing you to continue to learn in a hands-on fashion long after closing the book.
The foreign policy of small states is an often neglected topic, which is particularly the case when it comes to Suriname. How did the young Republic deal with its dependency on the Netherlands for development aid after 1975? Was Paramaribo following a certain foreign policy strategy or did it merely react towards internal and external events? What were the decision making processes in defining the foreign policy course and who was involved in these processes? And why was a proposal discussed to hand back the right of an independent foreign and defence policy to a Dutch Commonwealth government in the early 1990s? These questions are examined here in depth, in the first comprehensive analysis of Suriname’s foreign policy from 1975 to 1991. The book provides readers interested in Caribbean and Latin American affairs with a detailed account of Suriname’s external relations. Moreover, the young Republic may stand as a case study, as it confronted the difficulties and challenges that small developing states often face.
The 4th edition of this authoritative study of the death penalty, now written jointly with Carolyn Hoyle, brings up-to-date developments in the movement to abolish the death penalty worldwide. It draws on Roger Hood's experience as consultant to the United Nations for the UN Secretary General's five-yearly surveys of capital punishment and on the latest information from non-governmental organizations and the academic literature. Not only have many more countries abolished capital punishment but, even amongst those that retain it, the majority have been carrying out fewer executions. Legal challenges to the mandatory capital punishment have been successful, as has the pressure to abolish the death penalty for those who commit a capital crime when under the age of 18. This edition has more to say about the prospects that China will restrict and control the number of executions 'on the road to abolition'. Yet, despite such advances, this book reveals many human rights abuses where the death penalty still exists. In some countries a wide range of crimes are still subject to capital punishment, and the authorities too often fail to meet the safeguards embodied in international human rights treaties to safeguard those facing the death penalty. There is evidence of police abuse, unfair trials, lack of access to competent defence counsel, excessive periods of time spent on in horrible conditions on 'death row', and public, painful forms of execution. The authors engage with the latest debates on the realities of capital punishment, especially its justification as a uniquely effective deterrent; whether it can ever be administered equitably, without discrimination or error; and what influence relatives of victims should have in sentencing and on the public debate. For the first time, it also discussing the problem of devising an alternative to capital punishment, especially life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.
Since 1066 when William the Conqueror (alias William the Bastard) took the throne, English and Scottish kings have sired at least 150 children out of wedlock. Many were acknowedged at court and founded dynasties of their own - several of today's dukedoms are descended from them. Others were only acknowledged grudgingly or not at all. In the twentieth century this trend for royals to father illegitimate children continued, but the parentage, while highly probably, has not been officially recognised. This book - split into four sections: Tudor, Stuart, Henoverian and, perhaps most fascinating, Royal Loose Ends - is a genuinely fresh approach to British kings and queens, examining their lives and times through the unfamiliar perspective of their illegitimate children.
The fractionation of human blood plasma can be considered to be a mature industry, with the basic technology, alcohol fractionation, dating back at least to the 1940s. Many of the products described in the current work have been approved biologics since the 1950s. The information gathered from the development of plasma proteins has proved vital to the development of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Discussing the role of plasma proteins in current biotechnology, Biotechnology of Plasma Proteins describes the protein composition of human plasma, the fractionation of plasma to obtain therapeutic proteins, and the analysis of these products. It delineates the path from plasma products to recombinant products, and highlights products from albumin, intravenous immunoglobins, and coagulation. It offers a comprehensive review of current techniques for the analysis of proteins including electrophoresis, chromatography, spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, and updates not published since 1975. Key Topics Protein Composition of Plasma Proteomic methods for plasma protein analysis Plasma protein biomarkers Validation of biomarkers Assays for plasma biomarkers Methods for the Analysis of Protein Products Assay development and validation Electrophoresis Chromatography Immunoassay Mass spectrometry Raman spectroscopy Plasma Fractionation: Historical and Modern Methods Development of Cohn alcohol fractionation Industrial methods Development of chromatographic methods Plasma Protein Products of Therapeutic Value Albumin Intravenous immunoglobulin Coagulation products Growth factors Wound management
Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation is an A-Z listing of drugs by generic name. Each monograph is a careful and exhaustive summary of the literature as it relates to drugs and their known or possible effects to the fetus in pregnancy and to the baby through lacation. Each monograph is templated to include generic US name, Pharmacologic class, Risk factor, Fetal risk summary, Breast feeding, and References. This edition includes access to the entire contents of the book, which will be updated quarterly, initially.
Over the past few years, something remarkable has occurred in Latin America. For the first time since the Sandinista Revolution in Nicaragua in the 1980s, people within the region have turned toward radical left governments - specifically in Venezuela, Bolivia, and Ecuador. Why has this profound shift taken place and how does this new, so-called Twenty-First-Century Socialism actually manifest itself? What are we to make of the often fraught relationship between the social movements and governments in these countries and do, in fact, the latter even qualify as 'socialist' in reality? These are the bold and critical questions that Latin America's Turbulent Transitions explores. The authors provocatively argue that although US hegemony in the region is on the wane, the traditional socialist project is also declining and something new is emerging. Going beyond simple conceptions of 'the left', the book reveals the true underpinnings of this powerful, transformative, and yet also complicated and contradictory process.
With his singular gift for turning complex financial events into eminently readable stories, Roger Lowenstein lays bare the labyrinthine events of the manic and tumultuous 1990s. In an enthralling narrative, he ties together all of the characters of the dot-com bubble and offers a unique portrait of the culture of the era. Just as John Kenneth Galbraith’s The Great Crash was a defining text of the Great Depression, Lowenstein’s Origins of the Crash is destined to be the book that will frame our understanding of the 1990s.
This extensively revised and updated fourth edition of Planning in the USA continues to provide a comprehensive introduction to the policies, theory and practice of planning. Outlining land use, urban planning, and environmental protection policies, this fully illustrated book explains the nature of the planning process and the way in which policy issues are identified, defined, and approached. This full colour edition incorporates new planning legislation and regulations at the state and federal layers of government, updated discussion on current economic issues, and examples of local ordinances in a variety of planning areas. Key updates include: a new chapter on planning and sustainability; a new discussion on the role of foundations and giving to communities; a discussion regarding the aftermath of Katrina in New Orleans; a discussion on deindustrialization and shrinking cities; a discussion on digital billboards; a discussion on recent comprehensive planning efforts; a discussion on land banking; a discussion unfunded mandates; a discussion on community character; a companion website with multiple choice and fill the blank questions, and ‘test yourself’ glossary terms. This book gives a detailed account of urbanization in the United States and reveals the problematic nature and limitations of the planning process, the fallibility of experts, and the difficulties facing policy-makers in their search for solutions. Planning in the USA is an essential book for students, planners and all who are concerned with the nature of contemporary urban and environmental problems.
Over the last 180 years designers have propelled fashion from an elite craft into a cornerstone of popular culture. This brilliantly written guide to the lives and collections of 55 iconic fashion designers draws on the latest academic research and the best of fashion journalism, including the authors' own interviews with designers. Beginning with 19th century couturier Charles Frederick Worth and concluding with the star names of the 2010s, Polan and Tredre detail each designer's working methods and career highlights to capture the spirit of their times. This beautifully illustrated revised edition features five new designer profiles: Hedi Slimane, Raf Simons, Phoebe Philo, Alessandro Michele and Demna Gvasalia. It's also been updated throughout to reflect a fashion world in constant ferment, with designers swapping jobs and fashion houses at unprecedented speed. The industry has expanded into a global phenomenon - and designers have emerged as true celebrities; The Great Fashion Designers explores their passion and flair to show us fashion at its most inspirational.
As personal technology becomes ever-present in the classroom and rehearsal studio, its use and ubiquity is affecting the collaborative behaviors that should underpin actor training. How is the collaborative impulse being distracted and what kind of solutions can re-establish its connections? The daily work of a theater practitioner thrives on an ability to connect, empathize, and participate with other artists. This is true at every level, from performing arts students to established professionals. As smartphones, social media, and other forms of digital connectedness become more and more embedded in daily life, they can inhibit these collaborative, creative skills. Turn That Thing Off! Collaboration and Technology in 21st-Century Actor Training explores ways to foster these essential abilities, paving the way for emerging performers to be more present, available, and generous in their work.
The 3rd edition of Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling is a fully revised resource for researchers and practitioners in the growing field of meteorological modeling at the mesoscale. Pielke has enhanced the new edition by quantifying model capability (uncertainty) by a detailed evaluation of the assumptions of parameterization and error propagation. Mesoscale models are applied in a wide variety of studies, including weather prediction, regional and local climate assessments, and air pollution investigations. - Broad expansion of the concepts of parameterization and parameterization methodology - Addition of new modeling approaches, including modeling summaries and summaries of data sets - All-new section on dynamic downscaling
Essential for ob/gyn physicians, primary care physicians, and any health care provider working with pregnant or postpartum women, Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk, 12th Edition, puts must-know information at your fingertips in seconds. An easy A-to-Z format lists more than 1,400 of the most commonly prescribed drugs taken during pregnancy and lactation, with detailed monographs designed to provide the most essential information on possible effects on the mother, embryo, fetus, and nursing infant.
What is mindfulness? And should we as Christians be mindful? Mindfulness programmes are increasingly being used for issues as wide-ranging as depression, pain, employee engagement, and character development, and many Christians are wondering what to make of all this. In this book, experienced psychologists explain what is meant by "being mindful", help readers to view mindfulness more broadly than the context of Buddhism in which it is often framed, and profile the rich Christian tradition of mindful-like practice. By bringing a Christ-centred approach to mindful awareness, the authors demonstrate how to apply this practice to discipleship and spiritual growth. Readers are equipped to decide the extent to which they wish to learn and practice mindfulness, to approach it without fear, and to draw on the good within it to develop their relationship with Jesus.
This new work of biographical reference presents succinct narrative biographies of every serving head of state and head of government. Its content covers approximately 200 countries and territories and provides over 300 biographical profiles. Each country section contains: * A brief explanation of its type of government and the roles of the head of state, the head of government and the legislature * Lists of the most recent heads of state and head of government, with dates of office * Biographical profiles of current head of state and government, and other recent incumbents of these positions who remain significant and active political leaders * A photographic section of a selection of the world's key political leaders * A full index by name, date of taking office, and source of authority.
Design of Shallow and Deep Foundations introduces the concept of limit state calculations, before focusing on shallow and deep foundations. The limit state combinations of actions are examined, and practical calculation models of the bearing capacity and of the settlement are presented, particularly from the results of Ménard pressuremeter tests and cone penetration tests. Attention is also given to the use of numerical methods, which has been developed over the past twenty years. It provides an overview of various elements of ground-structure interaction that are pertinent for a refined design of both shallow and deep foundations, such as allowable displacements of structures, and ground-structure couplings. This guide will be useful to practising engineers and experts in design offices, contracting companies and administrations, as well as students and researchers in civil engineering. Though its focus is generally on the French practice, it is more widely applicable to design based on, or generally in line with, Eurocode 7, with references to BS ENs. Roger Frank is an Honorary Professor at Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées (ENPC). From 1998 to 2004, he chaired the committee on Eurocode 7 on Geotechnical design. Fahd Cuira is the Scientific Director of Terrasol (Setec group), France. Since 2018, he has been in charge of the course on the design of geotechnical structures at ENPC. Sébastien Burlon is a Project Director at Terrasol (Setec group), France. He is involved in the evolution of Eurocode 7 and teaches several geotechnical courses, especially at ENPC.
A comprehensive, fully illustrated encyclopedia of river gunboats from the early 19th century to the present day. The first recorded engagement by a steam-powered warship took place on a river, when in 1824 the Honorable East India Company’s gunboat Diana went into action on the Irrawaddy in Burma. In the 150 years that followed, river gunboats played a significant part in over forty campaigns and individual actions around the world. This comprehensive reference book covers the development of riverboat warfare from the early 19th century to current riverine combat vessels in service today. River gunboats proved to be the decisive factor in a wide range of conflicts across the world—from the New Zealand Wars to the American Civil War, and from both World Wars to the conflicts in Indochina and Vietnam. This lavishly illustrated encyclopedia describes the river gunboats that saw action, plus those converted river steamers which took part in combat. This volume also includes maps of the river systems where they operated, together with narratives of the principal actions involving river gunboats.
As the irreversible effects of glaucoma can lead to blindness, there is high demand for early diagnosis and an ongoing need for practitioners to adopt new and evolving medical and surgical treatment options to improve patient outcomes. Glaucoma, Second Edition is the most comprehensive resource in the field delivering expert guidance for the most timely and effective diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma – aimed at specialists, fellows and general ophthalmologists. More than 300 contributors from six continents provide a truly global perspective and explore new approaches in this user friendly reference which has been updated with enhanced images, more spotlights, new videos, and more. - Get all the accuracy, expertise, and dependability you could ask for from leading specialists across six continents, for expert guidance and a fresh understanding of the subject. - Develop a thorough, clinically relevant understanding of all aspects of adult and pediatric glaucoma in Volume One, and the latest diagnostic imaging techniques including ultrasound biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography. - Stay at the forefront of your field with 10 brand new chapters on trending topics including: new surgical approaches such as trabeculotomy and canaloplasty; glaucoma implications in cataract and ocular surface disease; and, updates in the cost-effectiveness of medical management. - Avoid pitfalls and achieve the best outcomes thanks to more than 40 brand new spotlight commentaries from key leaders providing added insight, tips and pearls of wisdom across varying hot topics and advances in the field. - Refine and improve your surgical skills by watching over 50 video clips depicting the latest techniques and procedures including: new trabeculectomy methods, needling, implants, valve complications, and more. - Prevent and plan for complications in advance by examining over 1,600 illustrations, photos and graphics (1,250 in color) capturing essential diagnostics techniques, imaging methods and surgical approaches. - Grasp each procedure and review key steps quickly with chapter summary boxes that provide at-a-glance quick comprehension of the key take away points. - Broaden your surgical repertoire with the latest surgical techniques - such as trabeculectomy, gonio-surgery, combined surgeries, and implant procedures - in Volume Two. - Glean all essential, up-to-date, need-to-know information about stem cell research, gene transfer, and implants. - Find answers fast thanks to a well-organized, user-friendly full-color layout. - eBook version included with purchase.
Useful to both professional persuaders and students of media effects, this book presents theories and empirical research on methods of social influence, including advertising, agenda-setting, propaganda, public relations, and public communication campaigns. The reader first learns how source credibility affects persuasion and the theories that account for persuasion effects, followed by research on the third-person effect – the belief that others are affected by persuasion attempts, but not ourselves. A chapter on the effects of advertising follows, including effects on children, and research on subliminal messages. The third chapter presents theories and research on the notion of agenda-setting, and the finding that while the media may not be overly effective in persuasion, it is effective in getting the audience to believe issues covered by the media are the most important facing society. The final chapter covers the history of propaganda, the development of public relations, and the effectiveness of government campaigns, such as the Smokey the Bear campaign and various health campaigns.
Running the Spiritual Path is Roger D. Joslin's compelling and inspiring guide to making running a spiritual sport. Imagine achieving physical fitness and spiritual growth simultaneously. Roger Joslin's step by step program is an engaging exploration of his conviction that spiritual well being is as likely to happen while running along the trails of a favorite park as it is within the more traditional settings of neighborhood churches, synagogues, or mosques. Through awareness, chants and visualization, and through attention to the most evident aspects of the present moment--the weather, pain, or breathing--the simple run can become the basis for a profound spiritual practice. In Running the Spiritual Path Roger D. Joslin combines the insights gathered from thirty years of running, with a personal spiritual journey that is guiding him to the priesthood. While drawing from and exhibiting an abiding respect for the traditions and sacred practices of the world's great religions, the author describes a heretofore-unexplored method of sacred running, of bringing meditation and a prayerful communion to the running trail.
In the five years since the first edition of Conflict and Development was published the awareness of the relationship between conflicts and development has grown exponentially. Developmental factors can act as a trigger for violence, as well as for ending violence and for triggering post-conflict reconstruction. The book explores the complexity of the links between violent conflict (usually civil wars) and development, under-development and uneven development. The second edition incorporates significant changes in the field including the G7+ initiative, the New Deal on Fragile States, World Trade talks, major policy documents from the UNDP and World Bank and updates on the Afghanistan and Iraq wars.
Using evidence-based medicine, this title addresses theprominent issues of primary care diabetes management. It providespractical solutions to the detection and treatment of diabetes, itscomplications and such new areas as metabolic syndrome,pre-diabetes and diabetes in children. The text reviews thefundamental basis of diabetes management and then addressestreatment of each type of diabetes and the major micro- andmacrovascular complications. This Revised Second Edition uniquely focuses on advancedtechnologies and advanced therapeutics. Key changes include:Integration of incretin hormones in the basic pathophysiologyof type 2 diabetes; Incretin mimetics andpotentiators; Revised clinical decision paths with newmedications and advanced insulin algorithms; New section oncontinuous glucose monitoring. Staged Diabetes Management: A Systematic Approach, SecondEdition, Revised presents a clear set of clinicalalgorithms consistent with the EASD/ADA recommended algorithms. Itprovides a means of applying the principles using a provenmethodology and one that has been applied internationally. Based on the highly successful diabetes programmes for primarycare developed by the world-renowned International Diabetes Centerin Minneapolis, USA Features Decision Paths and Practice Guidelines to facilitateclinical decision making Clearly written and illustrated: each chapter may be read alonebut complements the others to give a broad view of diabetescare This title is an invaluable guide for healthcare professionals,particularly primary care physicians, diabetes specialist nurses,and for all those with an interest in diabetes. It is alsouseful for all Diabetes educators and medical students.
The Practice of Politics in Postcolonial Brazil traces the history of high and low politics in nineteenth-century Brazil from the vantage point of the provincial capital of Porto Alegre. In the immediate postcolonial period, new ideas about citizenship and freedom were developing, and elites struggled for control of the state as the lower classes sought inclusion in political life. In a shift from the Liberal Party to Positivist or Conservative rule during the bloody Federalist Revolt of 1893-1895, new leaders sought to bring about a more balanced structure of government where the capitalist was sympathetic to the worker, and the worker more passive toward the elite. This represented a complete change of opinions—a new regime of ideas. Termed a "scientific" approach by its proponents, the movement was based on historical process and would be brought about through civic education. Against the backdrop of the abolition of slavery and subsequent assimilation, the rise of European immigration, and industrialization, Kittleson investigates how "the people" shaped changing political ideologies and practices, and how through local struggles and changes in elite ideology, the lower classes in Porto Alegre won limited political inclusion that was denied elsewhere.
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