Offers coverage of human explorations into space - from 19th-century fantasy to 20th-century achievement and the future of space exploration in the 21st century - giving information about the current state of exploration in the final frontier.
With the Left and Right amusingly placed into left-hand (v.1) and right-hand (v.2) volumes respectively, this encyclopedia contains articles on the people, ideas, events, laws, and issues associated with left and right politics in language that will be accessible to the high school and undergraduate student as well as the general reader. Each entry includes cross-references and a bibliography. Among the topics for politics of the left are Susan B. Anthony, Jean- Jacques Rousseau, abolitionism, desegregation, ACLU, the New Deal, Solidarity, and the Workingmen's Party. Entries are included in each volume for 40 countries and regions, giving the history and current affairs for politics in each. Among the topics for the right are capitalism, Darwinism, censorship, martial law, and the Christian Coalition. The contributors teach at universities worldwide; some are independent scholars. Carlisle is at Rutgers U. Annotation : 2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Offering a unique approach to history, this series of individual encyclopedias will delineate and explain the people, places, events, chronology, and ramifications of pivotal days in history. One Day in History: December 7, 1941 will provide a comprehensive and engaging overview of this date in history as well as an examination of the theme related to the date—the attack on Pearl Harbor and World War II. This volume will cover all aspects of December 7, 1941, including background information explaining what led to the date's events and post-date analysis discussing the effects and consequences of the day's events.
Rough Waters traces the evolution of the role of the U.S. merchant ship flag, and the U.S. merchant fleet itself. Rodney Carlisle looks at conduct and commerce at sea from the earliest days of the country, when battles at sea were fought over honor and the flag, to the current American-owned merchant fleet sailing under flags of convenience via foreign registries. Carlisle examines the world-wide use, legality, and continued acceptance of this practice, as well as measures to off-set its ill effects. Looking at the interwar period of 1919–1939, Carlisle examines how the practice of foreign registry of American-owned vessels began on a large scale, led by Standard Oil with tankers under the flag of the Free City of Danzig and followed by Panama. The work spells out how the United States helped further the practice of registry in Panama and Liberia after World War II. Rough Waters concludes with a look at how the practice of foreign registry shapes present-day commerce and labor relations.
St. Augustine, America's oldest continuously occupied city, is a unique and enchanting travel destination. This book presents more than 70 sites in their historical context. From the famed Fountain of Youth to the Castillo de San Marcos, from the Old City Jail to Henry Flagler's three beautiful hotels, from the Oldest House to Ripley's Believe It or Not Museum, St. Augustine has 500 years of history waiting to be explored. Arranged in chronological order, this book offers a digestible description of each of the city's main time periods, from 1513 to the present, and then describes associated attractions you can visit today. Next in series > > See all of the books in this series
Following the Persian Gulf War of 1990-1991, the regime of Saddam Hussein in Iraq continued to defy the United Nations. His government made it nearly impossible for UN-appointed inspectors to determine whether Iraq had eliminated its programs to manufacture and deploy weapons of mass destruction, including poison gas, biological agents that cause disease, and nuclear weapons. Iraq War covers all the background material necessary to understand the circumstances surrounding this particular military undertaking. The compelling narrative describes such events as the capture of Saddam Hussein by U.S. forces while also addressing the aftermath of the military campaign and the continuing unrest in the country. An important and timely resource for middle and high school readers, Iraq War explores the history of the region as well as the recent events leading up to and culminating in this war.
A visual guide to approximately 20 Florida art colonies and districts. The book will discusses in detail a variety of towns in Florida renowned as “Art Colonies,” together with several “Arts Districts” in both small towns and larger cities that have been designated by the local government and/or by developers as neighborhoods set aside to foster the arts. Many of the communities sponsor annual art festivals or shows that have been held for more than 40 years. The book features color photographs that capture the variety of art forms that are uniquely Florida and covers special aspects of art in Florida such as the great number of Florida artists, the influence of arts projects and social realism of the New Deal, mural painting in Florida, the “Highwaymen,” and the extremely rich 19th and 20th century history of Florida artists. Colonies and districts include: Bradenton Village of the Arts, Eau Gallie Arts District, St Petersburg Warehouse Arts District and Central Arts District, Tampa and Tallahassee.
CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title for 2009 "This ground-breaking resource is strongly recommended for all libraries and health and welfare institutional depots; essential for university collections, especially those catering to social studies programs." —Library Journal, STARRED Review Children and adults spend a great deal of time in activities we think of as "play," including games, sports, and hobbies. Without thinking about it very deeply, almost everyone would agree that such activities are fun, relaxing, and entertaining. However, play has many purposes that run much deeper than simple entertainment. For children, play has various functions such as competition, following rules, accepting defeat, choosing leaders, exercising leadership, practicing adult roles, and taking risks in order to reap rewards. For adults, many games and sports serve as harmless releases of feelings of aggression, competition, and intergroup hostility. The Encyclopedia of Play in Today′s Society explores the concept of play in history and modern society in the United States and internationally. Its scope encompasses leisure and recreational activities of children and adults throughout the ages, from dice games in the Roman Empire to video games today. With more than 450 entries, these two volumes do not include coverage of professional sports and sport teams but, instead, cover the hundreds of games played not to earn a living but as informal activity. All aspects of play—from learning to competition, mastery of nature, socialization, and cooperation—are included. Simply enough, this Encyclopedia explores play played for the fun of it! Key Features Available in both print and electronic formats Provides access to the fascinating literature that has explored questions of psychology, learning theory, game theory, and history in depth Considers the affects of play on child and adult development, particularly on health, creativity, and imagination Contains entries that describe both adult and childhood play and games in dozens of cultures around the world and throughout history Explores the sophisticated analyses of social thinkers such as Huizinga, Vygotsky, and Sutton-Smith, as well as the wide variety of games, toys, sports, and entertainments found around the world Presents cultures as diverse as the ancient Middle East, modern Russia, and China and in nations as far flung as India, Argentina, and France Key Themes Adult Games Board and Card Games Children′s Games History of Play Outdoor Games and Amateur Sports Play and Education Play Around the World Psychology of Play Sociology of Play Toys and Business Video and Online Games For a subject we mostly consider light-hearted, play as a research topic has generated an extensive and sophisticated literature, exploring a range of penetrating questions. This two-volume set serves as a general, nontechnical resource for academics, researchers, and students alike. It is an essential addition to any academic library.
This unique guidebook, organized in chronological order, is a richly illustrated description of more than 100 sites in and around Tallahassee FLorida that together reveal the place of the city and region in history. The book details a wide variety of plantations, forts, homes, churches, streetscapes, museums, and historic ships. From Spanish exploration, second and third Colonial periods, Territorial Era, early statehood, Civil War, Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, the 1890's through the 20s up until present time.
Originally published in 1996. Although the history of commercial-power nuclear reactors is well known, the story of the government reactors that produce weapons-grade plutonium and tritium has been shrouded in secrecy. Supplying the Nuclear Arsenal looks at the origin and development of these production reactors, Rodney Carlisle and Joan Zenzen describe a fifty-year government effort no less complex, expensive, and technologically demanding than the Polaris or Apollo programs—yet one about which most Americans know virtually nothing. Carlisle and Zenzen describe the evolution of the early reactors, the atomic weapons establishment that surrounded them, and the sometimes bitter struggles between business and political constituencies for their share of "nuclear pork." They show how, since the 1980s, aging production reactors have increased the risk of radioactive contamination of the atmosphere and water table. And they describe how the Department of Energy mounted a massive effort to find the right design for a new generation of reactors, only to abandon that effort with the end of the Cold War. Today, all American production reactors remain closed. Due to short half-life, the nation's supply of tritium, crucial to modern weapons, is rapidly dwindling. As countries like Iraq and North Korea threaten to join the nuclear club, the authors contend, the United States needs to revitalize tritium production capacity in order to maintain a viable nuclear deterrent. Meanwhile, as slowly decaying artifacts of the Cold War, the closed production reactors at Hanford, Washington, and Savannah River, South Carolina, loom ominously over the landscape.
The story of the U.S. Navy’s premier facility for research, development, testing, and evaluation of chemical compounds used in gun and rocket propellants, notably the manufacturing and testing of Jet Assist Takeoff, Zuni, Talos, and Polaris rockets and missiles.
On a summer day in July, 1776, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the world changed forever. On July 4, thirteen English colonies on the continent of North America decided to declare themselves free and independent states, united in their purpose of forming a new nation. The approval of that decision on July 4 represented the culmination of lengthy debates. As the delegates filed into the State House on Thursday, July 4, tempers were flaring. Despite entreaties from others, the New York delegation continued to balk. They had no instructions from the state and could vote against the resolution. Furthermore, it looked as if the two delegates from Delaware were deadlocked. Unless Caesar Rodney arrived in time for the vote, July 4, 1776, promised to be just another day of delay and political wrangling. One Day in History: July 4, 1776 is a look at how one day changed the course of history; in this case, a day that produced a new nation. Grave consequences beyond the Declaration of Independence flowed from the day's events. This reference sets out in 100 articles, written by noted historians, the details of the day in history, its causes and consequences, and how the actions of July 4 resonated throughout the colonies. The words and logic of the declaration approved on July 4, as well as larger events surrounding that decision, shaped the destiny of the world, creating a new nation that would build on the principles enumerated in the document. The day is examined in its historical context, with articles ranging from "African Americans" to "Colonies or States" to "Daily Life in 1776" and "Dunlap's Broadsides." Here, in one complete reference, is a "you were there" experience of what it was like to be in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776. Moreover, this book represents the cumulative effect of "one day in history": the United States as we know it today, some 230 years later.
Examines one of the most pivotal points in 20th-century history, exploring the social, cultural, military, and political impacts of World War I on American society, as well as the role the United States played in the conflict. This volume discusses World War I's place in American history as the catalyst for World War II and the cold war.
Key West is a unique travel destination whose history is so rich, it can be confusing for first-time visitors. Tourists walk through a mix of nineteenth-, twentieth-, and twenty-first‒century historic homes and attractions in a blur of fascinating impressions. They get no clear picture of the evolution of the city from its beginnings to the present and no sense of how all of the sites fit into history nor of the significance of Key West in American social, military, and intellectual history. Key West in History changes all of that. More than a typical, site-by-site guidebook, this book presents over 50 Key West sites in historical context—an invaluable resource for the visitor or student who wants a deeper understanding of how the city represents different eras of American and Floridian history, and how specific sites reflect important periods and trends in the past. Each chapter describes the events of a period of Key West history, and is accompanied by photographs of selected sites that represent that period. Next in series > > See all of the books in this series
This unusual, richly illustrated guidebook details Florida's historic pioneer and cracker villages, describing the homes, work-ways and folk-ways of the states early settlers, through preserved and tangible objects and structures. Across the state, dedicated local historians and community groups have carefully preserved and moved 19th- and early 20th-century structures, including both homes and workplaces, to specially created villages in order to display the lives of Florida pioneers. The tools, houses, farms, gardens, barns, sugar and turpentine mills, churches and schools that are gathered into twenty separate sites are described here, for the first time in a single volume. Through the rich collections of household utensils, mills, and structures, the visitor can appreciate the details of the everyday life, work, hardships, and recreation of past generations of Floridians. The book is an indispensable handbook and guide for the casual or dedicated historic tourist as well as for parents and teachers seeking to expose young people to the vanishing lifestyles of Florida's pioneers. Contact information, hours, special events, and detailed descriptions of each structure at the sites provide the casual or dedicated visitor with both practical facts for arranging trips, and the specific family histories of the pioneers who built and lived in the homes.
Savannah in History features over 90 sites in Savannah, Georgia, presented organized by historical era, with over 100 color photos. This presentation is especially important for a city with a long and varied history like Savannah, where colonial sites are virtually next door to antebellum, Civil War, and important modern sites. This guidebook conveys a clear picture of the evolution of the city from its beginnings to the present and helps the tourist, and even the resident, unravel and understand the dozens of historic buildings and monuments and several excellent museums. Like the others in this series on St. Augustine, Key West, Charleston, and Tampa, it serves as both a guidebook and keepsake.
The Persian Gulf War was the first war that the United States officially involved itself in as a combatant after Vietnam. It was a war in which many new technological, strategic, political, and economic elements came together for the first time, making th
This work is a creative approach to history that not only recounts what actually happened during the Civil War, but also imagines alternate outcomes had key events turned out differently, and how they might have changed the course of American history. In colorful, readable prose, this volume provides a full history of the Civil War—including John Brown's raid; the story of the Confederate States of America; the battles of Bull Run, Antietam, and Gettysburg; Sherman's March to the Sea; the Emancipation Proclamation; the Thirteenth Amendment; Lincoln's assassination; Reconstruction; and Andrew Johnson's impeachment. But more importantly, it offers a range of essays on how events could have turned out differently—militarily, politically, and culturally. It challenges students and general readers alike to remember that the course of history is not preordained. Instead, history is "made " in critical moments of decision by those who choose one course of action over another. Their choices—and the outcomes of those choices—could easily have been different.
A unique A-to-Z reference of brilliance in innovation and invention Combining engagingly written, well-researched history with the respected imprimatur of Scientific American magazine, this authoritative, accessible reference provides a wide-ranging overview of the inventions, technological advances, and discoveries that have transformed human society throughout our history. More than 400 entertaining entries explain the details and significance of such varied breakthroughs as the development of agriculture, the "invention" of algebra, and the birth of the computer. Special chronological sections divide the entries, providing a unique focus on the intersection of science and technology from early human history to the present. In addition, each section is supplemented by primary source sidebars, which feature excerpts from scientists' diaries, contemporary accounts of new inventions, and various "In Their Own Words" sources. Comprehensive and thoroughly readable, Scientific American Inventions and Discoveries is an indispensable resource for anyone fascinated by the history of science and technology. Topics include: aerosol spray * algebra * Archimedes' Principle * barbed wire * canned food * carburetor * circulation of blood * condom * encryption machine * fork * fuel cell * latitude * music synthesizer * positron * radar * steel * television * traffic lights * Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
Changing International affairs and the forces of technological innovation shaped the lives of Americans in the last decades of the 20th century. While the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union gave rise to hopes of peaceful international relations, the Gulf War and the attacks of September 11, 2001 on the World Trade Center in New York shattered these aspirations. In the social sphere, cell phones, CDs, and the Internet completely transformed the ways by which people communicated and conveyed information. The election of an African-American man to the presidency marked the successful continuation of the struggle for equal civil rights, bolstering America's reputation as a radically changing place in this contemporary period.
This work is a fascinating history of precontact North America, presenting the facts and engaging the reader by using alternative history—what if key facts were different?—to help develop critical thinking skills. The first title in ABC-CLIO's groundbreaking series Turning Points—Actual and Alternate Histories delves into the history of North America before European contact. There is much classroom literature on Native Americans after first contact; there is little on the history before. This work fills that gap, detailing the thousands of years before Europeans arrived. Climate changes, major battles, technology, and settlement patterns—all played a part in shaping the pre-Columbian history of North America. This book takes eight key points in history, presents the facts as they happened, and examines what might have happened if there were different outcomes. Small changes can produce vastly different results; this book shows how, and engages students' critical thinking skills while teaching them basic history.
From references to secret agents in The Art of War in 400 B.C.E. to the Bush administration's ongoing War on Terrorism, espionage has always been an essential part of state security policies. This illustrated encyclopedia traces the fascinating stories of spies, intelligence, and counterintelligence throughout history, both internationally and in the United States. Written specifically for students and general readers by scholars, former intelligence officers, and other experts, Encyclopedia of Intelligence and Counterintelligence provides a unique background perspective for viewing history and current events. In easy-to-understand, non-technical language, it explains how espionage works as a function of national policy; traces the roots of national security; profiles key intelligence leaders, agents, and double-agents; discusses intelligence concepts and techniques; and profiles the security organizations and intelligence history and policies of nations around the world. As a special feature, the set also includes forewords by former CIA Director Robert M. Gates and former KGB Major General Oleg Kalugin that help clarify the evolution of intelligence and counterintelligence and their crucial roles in world affairs today.
The September 11, 2001, terror attacks orchestrated by al-Qaeda prompted the United States to declare a "War on Terror." When the Taliban government of Afghanistan refused to extradite al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden, an American-led coalition went to war with Afghanistan, overthrowing the Taliban government. America eventually captured and killed bin Laden, but the battle against the Taliban dragged on, while a war-torn and ravaged Afghanistan struggled to rebuild. Finally—20 years after the 9/11 attacks—American and coalition forces withdrew from Afghanistan, and the Taliban took back control of the country. Afghanistan War, Third Edition features an account of the battles, weapons, tactics, and people involved in this conflict. Complete with full-color and black-and-white photographs and illustrations, full-color maps, and other further resources, Afghanistan War, Third Edition is suited for middle and high school students seeking unbiased information about U.S. military history.
A glowing biography of a Hungarian who came to the US at the age of 16 and worked his way from immigrant factory jobs to wealth and fame as an international hotelier, corporate executive, and US Army intelligence officer with friends in all the right places. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
In this unique reference, leading historians describe not only how the expansion of the American nation in the early 19th century was a turning point in U.S. history that led to the Civil War, but also alternative scenarios—what happened and what almost happened. This volume poses "what if" questions about ten crucial "tipping points" in the history of U.S. expansionism between 1800 and the Civil War. It not only describes what happened—in the case of Lewis and Clark, the War of 1812, the Monroe Doctrine, railroads and telegraphs, the Mexican War, the gold rush, the Compromise of 1850—it also offers alternative scenarios, essays on what could have happened. In this exciting and imaginative approach to history, students not only develop analytical skills by tracing the causes and effects of crucial events; they are empowered by the knowledge that at moments when history hangs in the balance, many paths are possible, and that they, as citizens, can tip the scale.
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