Since 1984, wildland fires have burned 850+ homes each year & the number of homes at risk is growing. The primary responsibility for ensuring that preventive steps are taken to protect homes lies with homeowners & state & local gov'ts., not the fed. gov't. The ability to communicate among all parties fighting a fire -- known as interoperability -- is essential, but is hampered because different public safety agencies operate on different radio frequencies or use incompatible communications equip. This report assesses: measures that can help protect structures from wildland fires, factors affecting use of protective measures, & the role technology plays in improving firefighting agencies' ability to communicate during wildland fires. Charts & tables.
Ranchers pay a fee to graze their livestock on fed. land, primarily on fed. land located in the western states managed by 10 fed. agencies. The fee is based on the amount of forage that a cow & her calf can eat in 1 month. Advocates argue that grazing uses fed. land productively & that the grazing fee is fair. Opponents argue that grazing damages public resources & that grazing fees are too low. This report determines the: extent of, & purposes for, grazing in FY 2004 on lands 10 fed. agencies manage; amount fed. agencies spent in FY 2004 to manage grazing; total grazing receipts the 10 agencies collected in FY 2004 & amounts disbursed; & fees charged in 2004 by the 10 agencies, western states, & ranchers, & reasons for any differences. Tables.
Wind power has recently experienced dramatic growth in the U.S., with further growth expected. However, several wind power-generating facilities have killed migratory birds & bats, prompting concern from wildlife biologists & others about the species affected, & the cumulative effects on species populations. This report assessed: (1) what available studies & experts have reported about the impacts of wind power facilities on wildlife in the U.S. & what can be done to mitigate or prevent such impacts; (2) the roles & responsibilities of gov't. agencies in regulating wind power facilities; & (3) the roles & responsibilities of gov't. agencies in protecting wildlife. Reviewed a sample of 6 states with wind power development for this report. Illustrations.
In an effort to reduce the risk of wildland fires, many fed. land mgrs. -- incl. the Forest Serv. & the BLM -- are placing greater emphasis on thinning forests & rangelands to help reduce the buildup of potentially hazardous fuels. These thinning efforts generate considerable quantities of woody material, incl. many smaller trees, limbs, & brush -- referred to as woody biomass -- that currently have little or no commercial value. This report determines: which agencies are involved in efforts to promote the use of woody biomass, & actions they are undertaking; how these agencies are coordinating their activities; & what agencies see as obstacles to increasing the use of woody biomass, & the extent to which they are addressing these obstacles. Illus.
Billions of dollars in hardrock minerals, such as gold, have been extracted from fed. land now managed by the Bur. of Land Mgmt. (BLM). For years, some mining operators did not reclaim land, creating environ., health, & safety risks. Beginning in 1981, fed. reg. required all operators to reclaim BLM land disturbed by these oper. In 2001, fed. reg. began requiring operators to provide financial assurances (FA) before they began exploration or mining oper. This report determined the: types, amount, & coverage of FA operators currently in use; extent to which FA providers & others have paid to reclaim land not reclaimed by the operator since BLM began requiring FA; & reliability of BLM's automated info. system for managing FA for hardrock oper. Illus.
In recent years, some reports prepared by advocacy groups have raised issues concerning the adequacy of the the National Park Service's (NPS) financial resources needed to effectively operate the park units. This report identifies: (1) funding trends for NPS operations & visitor fees for FY2001-2005; (2) specific funding trends for 12 selected high visitation park units & how, if at all, the funding trends have affected operations; & (3) recent management initiatives the NPS has undertaken to address fiscal performance & accountability of park units. The report recommends that the Dept. of the Interior allow park units to use visitor fee revenues to pay the costs of permanent employees administering projects funded by visitor fees. Illustrations.
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