This book draws together theoretical and applied aspects of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes in spoilage, and thus provides information and analysis of interest to microbiologists and biochemists, as well as up-to-date methods and recommendations of value to food scientists and processors. The first section deals with psychrotroph proteinases, lipases, and phospholipases in milk and dairy products, and covers such aspects as producer microorganisms, biochemical classification of enzymes, physical and biochemical properties, thermal stability, regulation and control of synthesis and assay methods. Particular emphasis is placed on commercially important areas such as physical and biochemical effects in food components and influence on shelf life and product quality. The problems of standardization and control of enzymes in dairy products, as well as areas for future research, are critically examined. The poorly understood role of psychrotroph extracellular enzymes in meat, fish, and poultry is also discussed in a separate section under such headings as physical and biochemical effects on tissue and contribution to growth and penetration of the producer organism.
The cemeteries of Winston County contain the ancestors of the descendants who now populate the county. The earliest settlers, Civil War soldiers, early county officials and politicians, merchants, tradesmen, farmers, and their familes are there. Without their efforts to carve an existence out of the Winston County wildnerness, the rest of us simply would not be here. The history of the county was written in the cemeteries found across the county. Volume 2 of this two volume series covers Winston County Cemeteries L through W beginning with the Little Cemetery and ending with the Wolfpen Cemetery. This volumes also contains a list of missing or destroyed cemeteries. The book contains dozens of pictures of the cemeteries plus hundreds of annotations which include sites of unmarked graves plus the company and unit of every known Civil War era soldier, both Union and Confederate. The book concludes with a full name index. This book is vital to any serious student of Winston County genealogy and history.
A collection of illustrated black-and-white engravings depicting the history of Texas from 1554 to 1900 presented chronologically and featuring a brief introduction to the historical background of each era.
The fully revised and updated second edition of this core textbook builds on the previous edition's success to bring an even sharper exploration of HRM in a real-world global context. With a critical approach that is woven into the chapters and encourages students to question assumptions in HRM, there is a consistent focus on the impact of globalization, the ways in which theory has addressed the implications of a globalized workforce, and the way HRM works in multinational corporations. Boasting a truly global orientation, this textbook draws on the expert knowledge of chapter authors from around the world, combining international case studies with a strong offering of pedagogical features. While adopting a rigorous academic approach, the book is also designed to engage students and elicit independent thought. This is an ideal core textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying on general business and management degrees, specialist HRM degrees, and international business degrees. In addition, this an important supplementary text for International HRM modules and HRM modules on MBA programmes. New to this Edition: - Brand new chapters on Talent Management, International Assignments, Managing Global and Migrant Workers, and Sustainable HRM - Revised and refreshed international case studies including an array of examples from diverse, non-western regions of the world - 'HRM in the news' boxes, comprising issues from the media that are relevant to each chapter topic - 'Stop and reflect' boxes containing thought-provoking questions that encourage critical thinking
In this exciting new novel by wildlife biologist, guide, and writer Robin Barefield, Alaska State Trooper Sergeant Dan Patterson flies to a remote area of Kodiak Island to investigate the massacre of eight people at a small lodge, where he encounters the worst murder scene he has ever investigated. How did someone kill eight people in the middle of the wilderness and then disappear? Patterson takes a hard look at those closest to the lodge owners. Did estranged siblings Brian or Deb Bartlett murder their parents and the six guests at the lodge? Was the killer the mysterious outdoorsman who lives a few miles away or someone at the cannery in this sparsely populated bay? Each time Patterson picks up a lead, new evidence shifts the course of the investigation. Meanwhile, the killer strikes again, murdering one of Patterson's main suspects, and Patterson knows he must stop the monster before more people die.
The Guntersville Democrat was not the first newspaper to be published in Marshall County, but is the one most complete from the 19th Century. It was first published in October of 1880 by a Gadsden newspaperman, William M. Meeks. Over the years, it chronicled much of the early history of Marshall County. This second book in the series attempts to capture mentions of births, marriages, deaths and obituaries It also reproduces items of interest and importance in the development of the county--all with a full name index. In this volume you can find reports of the Marshall County Gold Mine, a haunted house, long lists of Confederate soldiers, the completion of the Tennessee and Coosa Railroad, and many other items of historical and genealogical significance. The early history of Marshall County is written on the pages of its newspapers. This book will be valuable to any student of the history and genealogy of Marshall County.
The cemeteries of Winston County contain the ancestors of the descendants who populate the county. They contain the remains of the earliest settlers, Civil War soldiers, early county officials and politicians, merchants, tradesmen, farmers, and their familes. Without their successful efforts to carve an existence out of the Winston County wildnerness, the rest of us would not be here. Much of the history of the county was written on the old tombstones found across the county. Volume I of this two volume series alphabetically covers Winston County Cemeteries A through L beginning with the Addison Church of God Cemetery and ending with the Liberty Grove Missionary Baptist Church Cemetery. The book contains dozens of pictures of the cemeteries plus hundreds of annotations which include sites of unmarked graves mentioned in newspaper accounts plus the company and unit of every known Civil War era soldier, both Union and Confederate. The book concludes with a full name index.
This comprehensive volume deciphers investigative process and practice, providing an authoritative insight into key debates and contemporary issues in crime investigations Provides critical examination of investigative practice by focusing on the key issues and debates underpinned by academic literature on crime investigation Outlines the theoretical explanations that provide an understanding of crime investigation and the context in which investigators operate Illustrates the practical relevance of theoretical contributions to crime investigation Places clear emphasis on the multi-disciplinary nature of crime investigation
Annotation How has California's landscape changed? What did now-familiar places look like during prior centuries? This book explores these questions by taking readers on a dazzling visual tour of Napa Valley from the early 1800s onward - a forgotten land of brilliant wildflower fields, lush wetlands, and grand oak savannas.
By the turn of the 20th Century, Cullman was firmly established as the preeminent settlement in the hill country between the Tennessee Valley and the mineral region surrounding Birmingham. The Cullman, Alabama Tribune continued to record news of the development of the city, county, and surrounding region. As with the first four books of this series, microfilm was obtained from the State Archives in Montgomery and Wallace College at Hanceville and reviewed, but the originals from the Cullman County Court House was the primary source. A page by page examination of the film and originals was conducted with every birth, death, marriage, obituary, and some news items important to the history and development of Cullman County was recorded. This book is important to any genealogist or historian with connections to Cullman County and contains many rare accounts and mentions of the earliest settlers of the region.
The Cullman Democrat was established about 25 years after the first newspaper to publish in the town named for the famous German settler, John G. Cullman. While it came relatively late on the scene, its circulation soon grew to match that of the most successful Alabama weekly newspapers. The Democrat was first published by Major W.F. Palmer in June of 1901. Palmer sold the paper to R.L. and J.E. Griffin in 1902, but by the end of January of 1903, the paper was purchased by Joseph Robert Rosson. The Democrat remained in control of the Rosson family for man years after."--Publisher's description
The history of Winston County is found in the pages of its early newspapers. This book is the third in a series of Winston County news clippings. The first book covered 1886 - 1900 and the second book covered 1901 - 1908. Newspapers reviewed include the Winston Herald and a few rare early newspapers published in Haleyville. Additionally, news items relevant to Winston County found in the Jasper Mountain Eagle were reproduced here. Turn of the 20th Century newspapers preserve a picture of how our ancestors were about their day to day lives and business over 100 years ago. For the genealogist, it helps add character to dry names and dates. For the historian, it opens up a seldom seen picture of the early development of Winston County from the first person viewpoint of its citizens. This book contains a full name index and is a valuable addition to the library of any serious student of the genealogy and history of Winston County, Alabama.
Cullman County was established in 1877 in large part from the west side of Blount and the east side of Winston counties. Today, the few old cemeteries which existed in those counties in the early days are found within the borders of Cullman. The cemetery listings in this four volume set were conducted by the author beginning in 2003 and ending in early 2006. An attempt was made to personally visit every cemetery in Cullman County and record information from each readable monument. Volume 1 of this series covers alphabetically cemeteries A through D, beginning with the Addington Chapel Cemetery and concluding with the Duck River Missionary Baptist Church Cemetery. The volumes are filled with photos of many of the old cemetery sites and notes describing the company and unit of most of the old Civil War era veterans. This set of books is vital to any serious student of Cullman County genealogy and history.
The Cullman Democrat was established about 25 years after the first newspaper to publish in the town named for the famous German settler, John G. Cullman. While it came relatively late on the scene, its circulation soon grew to match that of the most successful Alabama weekly newspapers. The Democrat was first published by Major W.F. Palmer in June of 1901. Palmer sold the paper to R.L. and J.E. Griffin in 1902, but by the end of January of 1903, the paper was purchased by Joseph Robert Rosson. The Democrat remained in control of the Rosson family for man years after."--Publisher's description.
The Cullman Democrat was established about 25 years after the first newspaper to publish in the town named for the famous German settler, John G. Cullman. While it came relatively late on the scene, its circulation soon grew to match that of the most successful Alabama weekly newspapers. The Democrat was first published by Major W.F. Palmer in June of 1901. Palmer sold the paper to R.L. and J.E. Griffin in 1902, but by the end of January of 1903, the paper was purchased by Joseph Robert Rosson. The Democrat remained in control of the Rosson family for man years after."--Publisher's description
By the turn of the 20th Century, Cullman was firmly established as the preeminent settlement in the hill country between the Tennessee Valley and the mineral region surrounding Birmingham. The Cullman, Alabama Tribune continued to record news of the development of the city, county, and surrounding region. As with the first five books of this series, microfilm was obtained from the State Archives in Montgomery and Wallace College at Hanceville and reviewed, but the originals from the Cullman County Court House was the primary source. A page by page examination of the film and originals was conducted with every birth, death, marriage, obituary, and some news items important to the history and development of Cullman County was recorded. This book is important to any genealogist or historian with connections to Cullman County and contains many rare accounts and mentions of the earliest settlers of the region.
Terrorism in America looks at issues of both domestic and international terrorism in the United States. Using existing FBI data and ethnographic data, this book compares and contrasts domestic sources of terrorism in the United States to those in other countries, while also discussing efforts by domestic terrorists to form alliances with foreign groups. Readers are provided with a history of counterterrorism in the United States, as well as research regarding fear of terrorism and its impact on individuals and the nation as a whole. Grounded in research and theory, this comprehensive resource will raise the public’s awareness and concern about domestic terrorism, foster a growing body of research about these groups and their links to international terrorism, and stimulate efforts to curtail their actions. Important Notice: The digital edition of this book is missing some of the images or content found in the physical edition.
Blount County was carved out of the territory ceded to the State by the Creek Indians following their defeat at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. The earliest settlers began streaming into the former wilderness as early as 1817. Blount was originally a large county, but over the decades pieces were taken to make up other adjoining counties such as Jefferson, Marshall, Etowah, and Cullman. Every cemetery within the contemporary boundaries of Blount was visited by the author and each readable tombstone was copied to develop the contents of this three volume series. Most of the cemeteries were read in 2002. Volume 1 covers alphabetically H through P, beginning with the Hipp Family Cemetery and concluding with the Phillips Cemetery (sometimes called the Old County Line Cemetery). This book is vital to any serious student of Blount County genealogy and history.
The size of the problem, can be assessed This book is an off-shoot of the computerized from the following. Of 50 children bom, 1 London Dysmorphology Database which is now widely used by many geneticists and will have an easily detectable major malfor mation. Many of these will have a single dysmorphologists. Both the database and this malformation, but in the region of 8 in 1000 book have arisen out of a need to cope with the ever increasing nurober of multiple will have multiple abnormalities. This group will include 50% with chromosomal disorders congenital anomaly syndromes, especially recognizable by performing a karyotype, the details about their features and where infor mation can be found in the Iiterature. Indeed rest needing tobe diagnosed by other means. there are more than 2000 non-chromosomal It is to the diagnosis of this latter group that this book is dedicated. multiple malformation syndromes to which access is essential. If computerized databases have solved THE DIAGNOSIS OF DYSMORPHIC some of the problems, why is there a need SYNDROMES for this book? There are many physicians who do not have a desk computer or do not History feel at ease in using one. In addition geneticists are doing more satellite clinics and Before identifying the specific dysmorphic in some circumstances it would be more features, at least a three generation family history needs to be taken. It is necessary to convenient to carry a book than a computer.
In Marital Cruelty in Antebellum America, Robin C. Sager probes the struggles of aggrieved spouses shedding light on the nature of marriage and violence in the United States in the decades prior to the Civil War. Analyzing over 1,500 divorce records that reveal intimate details of marriages in conflict in Virginia, Texas, and Wisconsin from 1840--1860, Sager offers a rare glimpse into the private lives of ordinary Americans shaken by accusations of cruelty. At a time when the standard for an ideal marriage held that both partners adequately perform their respective duties, hostility often arose from ongoing domestic struggles for power. Despite a rise in the then novel expectation of marriage as a companionate relationship, and even in the face of liberalized divorce grounds, marital conflicts often focused on violations of duty, not lack of love. Sager describes how, in this environment, cruelty was understood as a failure to fulfill expectations and as a weapon to brutally enforce more traditional interpretations of marital duty. Sager's findings also challenge historical literature's assumptions about the regional influences on violence, showing that married southerners were no more or less violent than their midwestern counterparts. Her work reveals how definitions and perceptions of cruelty varied according to the gender of victim and perpetrator. Correcting historical mischaracterizations of women's violence as trivial, rare, or defensive, Sager finds antebellum wives both capable and willing to commit a wide variety of cruelties within their marriages. Her research provides details about the reality of nineteenth-century conjugal unions, including the deep unhappiness buried within them.
After Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans and the surrounding region in 2005, the city debated whether to press on with Mardi Gras or cancel the parades. Ultimately, they decided to proceed. New Orleans’s recovery certainly has resulted from a complex of factors, but the city’s unique cultural life—perhaps its greatest capital—has been instrumental in bringing the city back from the brink of extinction. Voicing a civic fervor, local writer Chris Rose spoke for the importance of Carnival when he argued to carry on with the celebration of Mardi Gras following Katrina: “We are still New Orleans. We are the soul of America. We embody the triumph of the human spirit. Hell, we ARE Mardi Gras." Since 2006, a number of new Mardi Gras practices have gained prominence. The new parade organizations or krewes, as they are called, interpret and revise the city’s Carnival traditions but bring innovative practices to Mardi Gras. The history of each parade reveals the convergence of race, class, age, and gender dynamics in these new Carnival organizations. Downtown Mardi Gras: New Carnival Practices in Post-Katrina New Orleans examines six unique, offbeat, Downtown celebrations. Using ethnography, folklore, cultural studies, and performance studies, the authors analyze new Mardi Gras’s connection to traditional Mardi Gras. The narrative of each krewe’s development is fascinating and unique, illustrating participants’ shared desire to contribute to New Orleans’s rich and vibrant culture.
Introduces methods of data analysis in geosciences using MATLAB such as basic statistics for univariate, bivariate and multivariate datasets, jackknife and bootstrap resampling schemes, processing of digital elevation models, gridding and contouring, geostatistics and kriging, processing and georeferencing of satellite images, digitizing from the screen, linear and nonlinear time-series analysis and the application of linear time-invariant and adaptive filters. Includes a brief description of each method and numerous examples demonstrating how MATLAB can be used on data sets from earth sciences.
This book contains all the marriages which took place in Cullman County between the year 1921 and 1937. Images of the original documents from the Cullman County Court House were examined page by page and transcribed. Not only was the basic information recorded, but other significant details were gathered such as names of bondsmen, names of officials performing the ceremony, names and relationships of those granting permission, and the location of the ceremony. Sometimes, other details such as birthdays, were recorded. Additionally, details of all licenses returned unexecuted were recorded. The main part of the book is an alphabetical listing of all the grooms. A full name index of the brides follows in the last section. This book is a handy tool for those with ancestors in Cullman County, or surrounding counties.
Self-discovery. Sounds simple, right? After all, you’re already there. You’re already you. So it can surprise us that it takes so much time, and so much effort. It surprises Nathan Bartlett. Nathan has lost two family members in a few years. It surprises him to realize he hadn’t known them nearly as well as he’d thought, and this makes him question his own worth. And it makes him feel like he belongs nowhere. So he goes on a spiritual quest. Professional hike leader Conroy Finnegan—sexy, very masculine, and charismatic—leads Nathan to the Kalalau Trail on the island of Kaua’i, “... a place where magic happens, where the very names are magical: Na Pali. Ho’olulu. Waiahuakua. Hanakoa. Hanakapi’ai.” Conroy seduces Nathan in more ways than one. He leads Nathan to paradise and lets him find his own way back. Nathan begins his journey as a searcher. On the way he becomes a seeker. These states of mind are different. And they lead Nathan on different journeys. Walk with him.
This second volume of news clippings from historic issues of the Walker County Mountain Eagle spans the years 1898 - 1902. Most of the issues are represented except for a large gap in 1900 where all the issues from January of that year until September are missing. This series of abstracts comes from microfilm purchased from the State Archives in Montgomery. Every issue of the Mountain Eagle was examined column by column to capture all available information regarding births, deaths, marriage notices, and relevant news items and information regarding the early history of Walker County and the surrounding area. Many death notices were compared against cemetery records at FindAGrave.com and were annotated. The history of Walker County is written in the pages of its early newspapers. This book will be a valuable asset to the serious student of Walker County genealoty and history.
With different pedagogic practices come different ways of examining them and fresh understandings of their implications and assumptions. It is the examination of these changes and developments that is the subject of this book. The authors examine a number of questions posed by the rapid march of globalisation, incuding: What is the role of the teacher, and how do we teach in the context of globalisation? What curriculum is appropriate when people and ideas become more mobile? How do the technologies of the internet and mobile phone impact upon what is learnt and by whom? The second edition of this important book has been fully updated and extended to take account of developments in technology, pedagogy and practice, in particular the growth of distance and e-learning.
Renowned travel writer and TV host Robin Esrock explored every inch of Canada's eastern provinces to craft the definitive Bucket List for the region. Running the gamut of nature, food, culture, history, adrenaline rushes, and quirky Canadiana, Robin's personal quest to tick off the very best of the Maritimes packs in enough for a lifetime.
A definitive reference--now extensively revised with 70% new material--this book presents cutting-edge knowledge on how learning disorders develop and how to diagnose and treat them effectively. In addition to dyslexia and mathematics disabilities, the book covers speech and language disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability. Accessibly written, it is grounded in genetics, neuroscience, and developmental neuropsychology. Clinicians and educators are guided to make sense of children's impairments and strengths and make sound diagnostic decisions. Best practices in intervention are reviewed. User-friendly features include case examples and summary tables in each disorder-specific chapter. New to This Edition *Revised throughout to reflect major theoretical, empirical, and technological advances. *Chapters on etiology, brain development, and comorbidity. *Chapters on DSM-5 diagnosis of specific learning disorder, evidence-based assessment, and achievement gaps.
On his personal quest to check off the best of his home country, travel writer and host Robin Esrock catalogues must-sees, including nature, food, culture, history, adrenaline rushes, and quirky Canadiana. After spending years crafting the definitive Canadian Bucket List, he’s packed in enough for a lifetime, at least. In this special excerpt, Esrock takes us what is perhaps Canada’s most distinct place, where Celtic culture thrives in some of Canada’s must rugged wilderness. Experiences include: watching the sun rise on a continent, sleeping in a lighthouse, driving the Trans-Labrador Highway, and making an iceberg cocktail.
Was the Mafia involved in the 1972 disappearance of the plane carrying Congressmen Hale Boggs and Nick Begich, or was it just a simple case of bad weather? Who murdered the postmistress in Ruby? How did the Alaska State Troopers use cutting-edge science to find Sophie Sergie's killer? How does crime differ from one part of Alaska to another? Alaska has always had a high rate of violent crime. From the gold rush to the building of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline to the heyday of king crab fishing, the state's rich resources have attracted eager workers and criminals alike. Travel through time and space with true-crime writer Robin Barefield as she tells you about murder and mystery in Alaska from the early 1900s to the present day and from Juneau to Kiana, Nome, Anchorage, Kodiak, and places in between. Learn about serial killers Ed Krause, Richard Bunday, Gary Zieger, Robert Hansen, and Israel Keyes. Why did Michael Silka suddenly start killing the residents of remote Manley Hot Springs, and what reason did Louis Hastings have for murdering his neighbors in McCarthy? Why was no one ever caught and convicted for the gruesome massacre on the fishing boat Investor? Alaska is vast and breathtaking, but it can also be deadly. Take a road trip and learn about Alaska's past and present through its violent crime. Get a glimpse of murder and mystery in the Last Frontier.
Renowned travel writer and TV host Robin Esrock visited every province and territory to craft the definitive national Bucket List. Running the gamut of nature, food, culture, history, adrenaline rushes, and quirky Canadiana, Robin’s personal quest to tick off the very best of Canada packs in enough for a lifetime, at least.
Building the South Side explores the struggle for influence that dominated the planning and development of Chicago's South Side during the Progressive Era. Robin F. Bachin examines the early days of the University of Chicago, Chicago’s public parks, Comiskey Park, and the Black Belt to consider how community leaders looked to the physical design of the city to shape its culture and promote civic interaction. Bachin highlights how the creation of a local terrain of civic culture was a contested process, with the battle for cultural authority transforming urban politics and blurring the line between private and public space. In the process, universities, parks and playgrounds, and commercial entertainment districts emerged as alternative arenas of civic engagement. “Bachin incisively charts the development of key urban institutions and landscapes that helped constitute the messy vitality of Chicago’s late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century public realm.”—Daniel Bluestone, Journal of American History "This is an ambitious book filled with important insights about issues of public space and its use by urban residents. . . . It is thoughtful, very well written, and should be read and appreciated by anyone interested in Chicago or cities generally. It is also a gentle reminder that people are as important as structures and spaces in trying to understand urban development." —Maureen A. Flanagan, American Historical Review
Beginning with a thorough survey of approaches to communicative syllabus design, Melrose deals with the early 1970s functional approach and subsequent criticism of it as well as the contemporary search for a process approach to language learning. It proposes a meaning negation model, which draws upon the seminal work of Halliday, Martin, Fawcett and Lemke, and is illustrated through their analysis of a unit from a communicative course book. Its topical-interactional approach is placed within the context of the current debate on language teaching and learning.
Cullman County was established in 1877 in large part from the west side of Blount and the east side of Winston counties. Today, the few old cemeteries which existed in those counties in the early days are found within the borders of Cullman. The cemetery listings in this four volume set were conducted by the author beginning in 2003 and ending in early 2006. An attempt was made to personally visit every cemetery in Cullman County and record information from each readable monument. Volume 2 of this series covers alphabetically cemeteries E through G, beginning with the East Battleground Missionary Baptist Church Cemetery and concluding with the Garden City Cemetery. It also includes the large Cullman City Cemetery. The volumes are filled with photos of many of the old cemetery sites and notes describing the company and unit of most of the old Civil War era veterans. This set of books is vital to any serious student of Cullman County genealogy and history.
Voyageur Classics is a series of special versions of Canadian classics, with added material and new introductions. In this bundle we find five classic works of twentieth century fiction, drama and poetry, a period when Canada’s literary identity was shaped. Originally published in 1962, The Silence on the Shore is considered by many critics to be renowned Hugh Garner’s best, most ambitious novel. Originally published in 1967, Combat Journal for Place d’Armes was initially met with shock and anger by most reviewers but has become a literary touchstone. The Donnellys tells the tale of a secret society and a massacre that shocked the Canadian public, a story overlooked by the artistic community until Reaney’s 1975 play elevated the events to the level of legend. In This Poem I Am presents the best of poet Robin Skelton’s adventurous poetry. And Exploration Literature is a groundbreaking collection of early writing inspired by the opening of a continent, an entry point into the beginnings of a literate response to the awe and wonder inspired by an unfolding geography. Includes Canadian Exploration Literature Combat Journal for Place d’Armes The Donnellys In This Poem I Am The Silence on the Shore
In this collections of essays Robin Frame concentrates upon two themes: the place of the Lordship of Ireland within the Plantagenet state; an the interaction of settler society and English government in the culturally hybrid frontier world of later medieval Ireland itself. As a prelude of both these themes, "Ireland and Britain, 1170-1450" begins with a discussion of why 'the first English conquest of Ireland' has been viewed as a 'failure'. The first group of essays addresses such topics as the changing character of the aristocratic networks that bound Ireland to Britain; the impact of the Scottish invasion led by Edward and Robert Bruce in the early fourteenth century; the identity of the 'English' political community that emerged in Ireland by the reign of Edward III; and the case for a broadly conceived English history, incorporating rather than excluding the English of Ireland. The subsequent group explore the character of Irish warfare, the adaptation of English institutions to a marcher environment; the exercise of power by regional magnates; and the complex practical interactions between royal government and Gaelic Irish leaders.
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