The book begins by describing in detail the mechanisms of energy exchange – radiative, convective, conductive and evaporative – together with techniques for their determination. The discussion extends to the importance of CO2, ozone and methane, together with that of aerosol pollutants and the evolution of atmospheric CO2. Subsequent chapters apply the results of the biophysical methods to mammals, birds and aquatic animals. Discussion includes problems of shelter and shade for animals in tropical environments and techniques for the thermal evaluation for shelters and for several tree types. The details of heat exchange between animals and the environment are presented, in separate chapters covering Mammals and Birds and Aquatic Mammals. A chapter on Shade and Shelter describes the importance of shade for animals, factors of shade efficiency, the protections offered by shelter and methods of calculating the protection afforded by both shade and shelter. A Special Methods chapter offers a variety of techniques for evaluating cutaneous and respiratory evaporation, and practical methods for sampling of hairs and the evaluation of hair coat characteristics.
The book begins by describing in detail the mechanisms of energy exchange – radiative, convective, conductive and evaporative – together with techniques for their determination. The discussion extends to the importance of CO2, ozone and methane, together with that of aerosol pollutants and the evolution of atmospheric CO2. Subsequent chapters apply the results of the biophysical methods to mammals, birds and aquatic animals. Discussion includes problems of shelter and shade for animals in tropical environments and techniques for the thermal evaluation for shelters and for several tree types. The details of heat exchange between animals and the environment are presented, in separate chapters covering Mammals and Birds and Aquatic Mammals. A chapter on Shade and Shelter describes the importance of shade for animals, factors of shade efficiency, the protections offered by shelter and methods of calculating the protection afforded by both shade and shelter. A Special Methods chapter offers a variety of techniques for evaluating cutaneous and respiratory evaporation, and practical methods for sampling of hairs and the evaluation of hair coat characteristics.
Offering a thorough, accessible overview of the basic science and clinical data regarding the virus that causes COVID-19, Molecular Biology of SARS-CoV-2 is an excellent resource for researchers, clinical scientists, physicians, and students. This volume offers in-depth, extended content that originated with Drs. Roberto Patarca’s and William A. Haseltine’s chapter in The COVID-19 Textbook, edited by Dr. Haseltine and Dr. Patarca. The greatly expanded material in this text provides a much-needed primer in this complex area.
This book presents a review of various issues related to Lorentz symmetry breaking. Explicitly, we consider (i) motivations for introducing Lorentz symmetry breaking, (ii) classical aspects of Lorentz-breaking field theory models including typical forms of Lorentz-breaking additive terms, wave propagation in Lorentz-breaking theories, and mechanisms for breaking the Lorentz symmetry; (iii) quantum corrections in Lorentz-breaking theories, especially the possibilities for perturbation generating the most interesting Lorentz-breaking terms; (iv) correspondence between non-commutative field theories and Lorentz symmetry breaking; (v) supersymmetric Lorentz-breaking theories; and (vi) Lorentz symmetry breaking in a curved space-time. We close the book with the review of experimental studies of Lorentz symmetry breaking. The importance and relevance of these topics are explained, first, by studies of limits of applicability of the Lorentz symmetry, second, by searches of the possible extensions of the standard model, including the Lorentz-breaking ones, and need to study their properties, third, by the relation between Lorentz symmetry breaking with string theory, fourth, by the problem of formulating a consistent quantum gravity theory, so that various modified gravity models are to be examined.
A groundbreaking English-language study of the transformation in education in mid-twentieth century Brazil, and the social and economic forces that shaped it. It also looks at how, in turn, education is shaping the rapid transformation of Brazilian society.
This book reviews various modified gravity models, including those with modifications in the pure gravitational sector; those involving extra fields, that is, scalar-tensor and vector-tensor gravity theories; gravity models with Lorentz symmetry breaking; and nonlocal gravity models. The authors discuss both classical and quantum aspects of these theories. The book is unique in bringing together all the current alternatives to Einstein gravity in one source and serves as an excellent starting point for graduate students and other newcomers seeking an overview. This second edition has been expanded with new results from a variety of approaches including f(R,Q,P) gravity, galileon gravity and massive gravity. Extended discussions of Lorentz-breaking terms and of non-local field theory have been added and a completely new chapter is devoted to models based on non-Riemannian geometry.
Roberto Burle Marx was one of the most influential landscape and garden designers of the 20th century. This book presents 26 projects in plans, photographs and Burle Marx's own paintings. The introduction considers his life, ideas and work.
This is the first book published in English to present a concise but panoramic overview of the social, economic and political roots of the current Brazilian crisis. By situating former president Dilma Rousseff’s impeachment in the wider context of the historical struggle for social rights, citizenship and democracy in the country, the book provides a conceptual framework that will allow foreign readers to better understand the apparent contradiction of a rising regional power that all of a sudden entered in one of the worst economic, social and political crisis of its history. This book will be of interest to a wide range of social scientists (such as sociologists, economists, historians and political scientists) interested in labor and citizenship issues in developing countries like Brazil, as well as for social agents (from the public and private spheres) with practical involvement with such issues, such as trade unionists, leaders and advisors of business organizations, policy-makers, politicians, NGO activists and technicians.
This book offers the reader a critical and interdisciplinary introduction to Brazilian history. Combining a didactic approach with insightful historical analysis, it discusses the main political, cultural, and social developments taking place in the Latin American country from 1500 to 2010. The historical narrative leads the reader step by step and in chronological succession to a clear understanding of the country’s three main historical periods: the Colonial Period (1500-1822), the Empire (1822-1889), and the Republic (1889-present). Each phase is treated separately and subdivided according to the political developments and successive regional forces that controlled the nation’s territory throughout the centuries. At the end of each section, an individual chapter discusses the foremost cultural and artistic developments of the period, engaging perspectives on literature, music, and the visual arts, including cinema. Through its multifaceted approach, the book explores economic history, foreign policy, education and social history, as well as literary and artistic history to reveal the multiethnic and culturally diversified nature of Brazil in all its fullness.
How slave emancipation transformed capitalism in the United States and Brazil In the nineteenth century, the United States and Brazil were the largest slave societies in the Western world. The former enslaved approximately four million people, the latter nearly two million. Slavery was integral to the production of agricultural commodities for the global market, and governing elites feared the system’s demise would ruin their countries. Yet, when slavery ended in the United States and Brazil, in 1865 and 1888 respectively, what resulted was immediate and continuous economic progress. In American Mirror, Roberto Saba investigates how American and Brazilian reformers worked together to ensure that slave emancipation would advance the interests of capital. Saba explores the methods through which antislavery reformers fostered capitalist development in a transnational context. From the 1850s to the 1880s, this coalition of Americans and Brazilians—which included diplomats, engineers, entrepreneurs, journalists, merchants, missionaries, planters, politicians, scientists, and students, among others—consolidated wage labor as the dominant production system in their countries. These reformers were not romantic humanitarians, but cosmopolitan modernizers who worked together to promote labor-saving machinery, new transportation technology, scientific management, and technical education. They successfully used such innovations to improve production and increase trade. Challenging commonly held ideas about slavery and its demise in the Western Hemisphere, American Mirror illustrates the crucial role of slave emancipation in the making of capitalism.
Some people often use to say that in life we have few privileges. However, most of them fail to measure the greatness of simple, or apparently simple, things like seeing, reading, feeding ourselves, being able to access health services, education, justice, freedom. That simple word contains what, in my opinion, is the greatest wealth we can possess. Freedom to move, think and express ourselves, love and choose who we love. Even destroy or destroy us. This book has made me think about the exercise of freedom, about the way in which the world acts and how we act in it, almost without awareness of what we do, about the way in which we are free to associate, relate and therefore, Freedom forces us (paradoxically) to exercise it within the limits of rationality and responsibility with ourselves and with the planet we inhabit. After all, we have nowhere else to go. What need do we have to establish boundaries, to separate ourselves more each day from the other? Have we ever stopped to think about what the world would be like if we were aware that we could be one, although diverse? This book, like almost never before, has brought me to that point. Dreams, the place of freedom par excellence, can come true if we fight for them with determination. World Citizenship is a possible dream. The articles - chapters that make up this book guide us towards the awakening of individual and collective conscience which, ultimately, is what is desirable, so that we can be citizens of the world, a phrase that has been heard or read many times, but not has been sufficiently well presented or considered. This is a happy exception. The social, economic, cultural, ethnic, and political aspects are addressed clearly, with a language and style that makes it easy to be read and understood. This is not intended to be a book of dogma, but rather a proposal to begin the path towards a better future, built by everyone, compiling the contributions of different visions but that focuses on the Human Being, in our home. Planet Earth. Great progress has already been seen in regional and even international, intercultural, political and economic agreements, which are good, but not so good in terms of the production, distribution, sale and purchase of weapons, substances that, in some parts, are members of the cultural acquis and in others they are considered illegal. These phenomena could well be explained from the perspective of Habermas, Bauman, and others, even at the risk of falling into simplism and/or deterministic reductionism. We are all one, respect for otherness is the key for freedom to be established and thus, the “Global Village” can overcome the crises in which it is immersed, many times due to failures in communication and absence of empathy; the pretension of wanting to impose ideas on others, to dominate through force and not with the force of reason. This is the origin of many unnecessary conflicts. This text is not about proposing a unified vision of Orwell and Huxley, but rather about understanding that we can be united in diversity, as the Baha'i principles clearly state, to cite a current of thought. It is in the communication where we have the best tool to forge a global society, where we can agree on the common goals of the survival and preservation of our habitat, with all that this implies. We have used it efficiently and we have succeeded. Or we have almost achieved it. The creation of blocs such as the European Community, Mercosur, the Arab League, and others, has made it possible to bring together communities similar in thought and interests and thus become stronger to negotiate, assert their rights and defend themselves against possible attacks. However, will it be possible that all groupings can ever be governed by a global control body? Any reader who approaches the text will soon find themselves reflecting on themselves and what they can contribute to improve from within and towards the environment, analyzing concepts such as Globalization and Worlding. It is like a ticket to the world of self- and collective consciousness, allowing you to finally answer whether global citizenship is a possible dream and, if you believe so, set yourself the task of making it a reality. This book does not pretend to be the last word on the issues raised, but it does show us a possible roadmap and, as a conscious reader, I feel obliged to reflect on what I have read, what I have learned, what I can put into practice to make the world a better place, if not already for me, for generations to come.
This book is about unequal development and labour in Brazil, with particular reference to the economic and social development of the Northeast region, which has suffered persistent disadvantage. It combines a historical approach, which shows how economic, social and political institutions have been restructured over time, with an analysis of changes in the pattern of production, employment, unemployment and inequality up to the present day. It draws on detailed case studies to examine the connections between local and national production systems and critical labour market outcomes such as informality in employment, precarious work and disparities between genders, races and regions. The case of the Brazilian Northeast illustrates processes, relationships and policy debates that are important not only in Brazil but also elsewhere. The book will be of interest to teachers, researchers and students in economics, sociology, labour and development; public officials and policy-makers; the international development community; and the general public interested in Latin American affairs. They will find in the book an original and systematic analysis of the factors underlying unequal development and how they respond to different policy regimes and suggestions about the issues that need to be addressed in the future.
This book contrasts variations in Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation, using as a reference for discussion the mainstream careful speech of news anchors at the national level or the equivalent type of speech: a well-educated style that nonetheless sounds natural. Pursuing an innovative approach, the book uses this view of language as a cornerstone to describe and discuss other social and regional variants relative to that speaking register. It is aimed at speakers of Spanish interested in learning Portuguese and speakers of Portuguese who want to learn Spanish, as well as language specialists interested in bilingualism, heritage languages, in the teaching of typologically similar languages in contrast, and readers with interest in Phonetics and Phonology. The book employs a variety of innovative approaches, especially the reinterpretation of some of the traditional concept in Phonetics, and the use of speech prosodies and speech melodies, a user-friendly strategy to describe speech prosody in languages and speech melody in music through musical notation.
The COVID-19 Textbook: Science, Medicine, and Public Health explores every facet of SARS-COV-2, giving the reader an understanding of what is needed to control the spread of the virus, prevent and manage its pathological effects, as well as mitigate the impact of future pandemics. Each chapter is authored by leading global experts in the field and includes topics such as molecular biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunology, diagnosis, and the latest prevention and treatment approaches. Edited by renowned educator and medical researcher Dr. William A. Haseltine, physician-researcher, and chronic fatigue syndrome expert Dr. Roberto Patarca, it includes detailed references in every chapter, allowing easy access to comprehensive primary data. • Offers a timely, reliable overview authored and edited by leading global experts in the multifaceted areas covered on SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic. • Serves as an authoritative and comprehensive text to be utilized by physicians, medical professionals, researchers, students, public health professionals, and policymakers.
Spanish speakers can learn Brazilian Portuguese much more rapidly than any other language, and thousands of students have used Antônio Simões's text/workbook Com licença: Brazilian Portuguese for Spanish Speakers to make the transition between the two languages. Recognizing the need for a text that incorporates current cultural references and the latest language pedagogy, Simões now offers Pois não: Brazilian Portuguese Course for Spanish Speakers, with Basic Reference Grammar. Pois não contrasts Portuguese and Spanish, which accomplishes two main goals. It teaches the equivalent of one year of college Portuguese in one semester, three times a week, to Spanish speakers who also have a solid understanding of English. Additionally, the book serves as a basic reference guide to Brazilian Portuguese for the same audience. Pois não can be used by students in the classroom or by independent learners. Users of the book may focus on the drills alone, concentrate on both the explanations and drills, or use the book as a reference for consultation only. Answers to all of the exercises are included in the book. A CD containing recordings by native Brazilian speakers of dialogues that appear in the book is included.
This issue of MRI Clinics of North America focuses on Cardiac MR Imaging and is edited by Drs. Roberto C. Cury and Clerio Azevedo. Articles will include: The prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement in non-ischemic heart disease; The role of contrast-enhanced CMR in the assessment of patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias; Assessment of cardiac sarcoidosis by CMR: comparison with other imaging modalities; The value of T1 mapping techniques in the assessment of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies; Assessment of cardiotoxicity of cancer chemotherapy: The value of cardiac MRI; State-of-the-art quantitative assessment of myocardial ischemia by stress perfusion CMR; T2* mapping techniques: Iron overload assessment and other potential clinical applications; Automated Quantitative Stress Perfusion in a Clinical Routine; Comprehensive assessment of cardiac involvement in muscular dystrophies by cardiac CMR; Assessment of aortic stenosis by CMR: quantification of flow, characterization of myocardial injury, TAVR planning and more; Cardiac MRI at 7.0 Tesla: Reality?; The role of cardiac MRI in the assessment of patients with cardiac amyloidosis; Applications of Cardiac MRI in Electrophysiology: Current Status and Future Needs; and more!
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