This book reviews the economic literature on cooperative investment in next generation broadband networks and geographic regulation. It additionally proposes innovative models for estimating the level of competition and investment in the fixed telephony market and the retail market for newspapers. In doing so, it addresses two hotly debated issues in business strategy and economic policy: the determinants of investment and competition and the impacts of innovative investment schemes. The first chapter reviews the literature on new cooperative investment schemes in next generation broadband networks and geographic regulation. The effects on competition, investment and welfare of such schemes crucially depend on the details of the agreements. For instance, in the case of joint-ventures, the manner in which investment costs are shared and internal and external access prices are determined significantly impacts the outcome. In the case of long-term access agreements, it is essential to consider how access tariffs are structured, whether they can adapt to market developments ex-post, and whether contracts are signed before or after the investment takes place. Generally, many of these agreements allow for some extent of risk sharing, offering the possibility of increasing investment incentives when firms are not risk neutral. It is suggested that regulators consider introducing regulated co-investment agreements complementing current regulation, in addition to considering geographically segmented access prices. The second chapter assesses entry and competition in local retail markets for newspapers. It builds on the new empirical industrial organisation (NEIO) literature to estimate sustainable coverage and competitive effects of entry for Swiss newspaper sellers which sell composite goods (newspapers, food and other goods of daily use). An entry threshold ratio methodology is used, allowing for model estimation even when the range of products under examination is not exactly defined and when price and quantity data are not available. It is found that under duopoly prices the market size of a Commune required for single firm entry is about twice as large as under monopoly prices. A clear and quantifiable trade-off between competition and investment therefore exists. Moreover, it is found that while a second entrant in this market strongly increases competition, further entry doesn’t have a significant additional competitive effect. From a welfare perspective, therefore, it can be stated that “two is enough” to ensure competition in this market. In the third chapter, competition and market strategies in the Swiss fixed telephony market are assessed. A market model based on a generalised version of the traditional “dominant firm – competitive fringe” model, is developed. Direct estimation of the incumbent’s intertemporal residual demand function is performed by instrumenting the market price with incumbent-specific cost shifting variables, as well as other variables. The concrete estimates show that residual retail demand for voice traffic is highly inelastic. Such a level of elasticity is only compatible with a profit maximising incumbent in the case of largely competitive conduct. It is therefore found that the Swiss incumbent acted largely competitively, and that current regulated telephony retail price caps could not be justified on the basis of a lack of competition.
This book reviews the economic literature on cooperative investment in next generation broadband networks and geographic regulation. It additionally proposes innovative models for estimating the level of competition and investment in the fixed telephony market and the retail market for newspapers. In doing so, it addresses two hotly debated issues in business strategy and economic policy: the determinants of investment and competition and the impacts of innovative investment schemes. The first chapter reviews the literature on new cooperative investment schemes in next generation broadband networks and geographic regulation. The effects on competition, investment and welfare of such schemes crucially depend on the details of the agreements. For instance, in the case of joint-ventures, the manner in which investment costs are shared and internal and external access prices are determined significantly impacts the outcome. In the case of long-term access agreements, it is essential to consider how access tariffs are structured, whether they can adapt to market developments ex-post, and whether contracts are signed before or after the investment takes place. Generally, many of these agreements allow for some extent of risk sharing, offering the possibility of increasing investment incentives when firms are not risk neutral. It is suggested that regulators consider introducing regulated co-investment agreements complementing current regulation, in addition to considering geographically segmented access prices. The second chapter assesses entry and competition in local retail markets for newspapers. It builds on the new empirical industrial organisation (NEIO) literature to estimate sustainable coverage and competitive effects of entry for Swiss newspaper sellers which sell composite goods (newspapers, food and other goods of daily use). An entry threshold ratio methodology is used, allowing for model estimation even when the range of products under examination is not exactly defined and when price and quantity data are not available. It is found that under duopoly prices the market size of a Commune required for single firm entry is about twice as large as under monopoly prices. A clear and quantifiable trade-off between competition and investment therefore exists. Moreover, it is found that while a second entrant in this market strongly increases competition, further entry doesn’t have a significant additional competitive effect. From a welfare perspective, therefore, it can be stated that “two is enough” to ensure competition in this market. In the third chapter, competition and market strategies in the Swiss fixed telephony market are assessed. A market model based on a generalised version of the traditional “dominant firm – competitive fringe” model, is developed. Direct estimation of the incumbent’s intertemporal residual demand function is performed by instrumenting the market price with incumbent-specific cost shifting variables, as well as other variables. The concrete estimates show that residual retail demand for voice traffic is highly inelastic. Such a level of elasticity is only compatible with a profit maximising incumbent in the case of largely competitive conduct. It is therefore found that the Swiss incumbent acted largely competitively, and that current regulated telephony retail price caps could not be justified on the basis of a lack of competition.
The huge amount of data obtained by surveys in all wavebands, from radio to X-rays, has allowed major progress in the understanding of Active Galactic Nuclei and of their cosmic evolution. This book contains the proceedings of a conference intended to give a broad overview of the recent results obtained by recent AGN surveys over the whole electromagnetic spectrum. Topics which were discussed during the conference and are included in this volume are: AGN evolution, contribution to the cosmic background, AGN luminosity functions in different wavebands, multiwavelength properties of AGN, unified model and unconventional AGN, connection with the host galaxies, co-evolution of AGN and galaxies, implications for the local density of supermassive black holes. Future AGN surveys planned with forthcoming new observational facilities are also included. The proceedings have been selected for coverage in: . OCo Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings- (ISTP- / ISI Proceedings). OCo Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings). OCo CC Proceedings OCo Engineering & Physical Sciences.
This book serves to enhance scientific and technological literacy, by promoting STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education with particular reference to contemporary physics. The study is presented in the form of a repertoire, and it gives the reader a glimpse of the conceptual structure and development of quantum theory along a rational line of thought, whose understanding might be the key to introducing young generations of students to physics. The recurrent theme here is that the conceptual extension of the concept of natural radiation (symbolized by the constant h) allows an easy method of charting the conceptual development of quantum theory. The repertoire focuses on some momentous events of quantum theory, including the discovery of the constant h, which is one of the fundamental constants of nature and the key to understanding quantum mechanics; the discovery of the photon by Albert Einstein; and Niels Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom; the experiments which led to disclosing the structure of atomic nuclei in the 1930s; and the discovery of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics, which constitute the basis of contemporary particle physics.
The authors collaborated with 50 scholars from around the world to produce an exhaustive annotated bibliography on the central work of the Aristotelian corpus. It brings together signed descriptions of more than 3200 books and articles, as well as several thousand reviews and notes, originally published in English, Italian, German, French, Spanish and Russian. Descriptions are fully cross-referenced to one another. The first [Italian] edition (Vita e Pensiero, Milan 1996) has been thoroughly revised, corrected and updated, and is complemented by an index of the most important loci Aristotelici.
Recognize and treat fatigue as a major symptom of cancer and cancer treatment! The Handbook of Cancer-Related Fatigue, by Dr. Roberto Patarca-Montero, the editor of the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome series from The Haworth Medical Press, focuses exclusively on fatigue as it relates to oncology. As more people every year are affected by cancer, treating the leading symptom becomes as important as treating the disease itself. Written by one of the world’s leading experts in the study of fatigue, this detailed work studies the causes, impact, and treatment of fatigue before, during, and after cancer treatment. Considered one of the most distressing yet common symptoms of cancer, fatigue must be allayed to improve the patient’s quality of life. The Handbook of Cancer-Related Fatigue studies the close relationship between fatigue and cancer, as well as cancer therapies that cause fatigue. This book identifies fatigue’s devastating effects on the body and mind and offers solutions to maximize care for all types of cancer victims using documented clinical studies from around the world. For those interested in pursuing more information, an extensive bibliography is included for all relevant text. The Handbook of Cancer-Related Fatigue provides extensive research on: determining a diagnosis of cancer-related fatigue and recognizing the syndrome at all stages of treatment long-term and short-term effects of fatigue on the cancer victim’s body and its impact on the patient’s care and treatment, even after the cancer goes into remission the underlying factors within the body systems that contribute to cancer-related fatigue numerous beneficial intervention techniques to allay the effects of cancer-related fatigue on the patient’s quality of life clinical studies showing the statistics of cancer-related fatigue in the United States and around the world identifying the relationship between cancer and fatigue using tables, references, sidebars, and an extensive bibliography and much more! Focused and thorough, The Handbook of Cancer-Related Fatigue is written for both cancer patients and health-care providers of all disciplines. Whether you are an oncologist, a therapist, or a patient, vital information is not only accessible but made easier to understand with handy charts, tables, and referenced clinical studies throughout the chapters. With fatigue categorized as one of the most important symptoms of cancer, it becomes imperative for anyone touched by this disease—personally or professionally—to keep a copy of this book at hand.
A handy reference guide to living with fatigue! Medical Etiology, Assessment, and Treatment of Chronic Fatigue and Malaise: Clinical Differentiation and Intervention is the single reference source you need for vital information on the fatiguing illnesses that affect more than 800,000 Americans. Written by one of the foremost experts in the field, the book is a comprehensive guide to the debilitating, and often misunderstood, phenomenon of fatigue, examining its multiple causes and treatments. Through a detailed history of chronic fatigue and a look at the factors that influence evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment, the book gives you immediate access to the answers you—and your patients—have been searching for. Practical and easy-to-use, Medical Etiology, Assessment, and Treatment of Chronic Fatigue and Malaise: Clinical Differentiation and Intervention saves you the time and trouble of sorting through extensive research findings for the information you need on the many contexts and consequences of fatigue. The book examines how fatigue is defined and measured and how it relates to autoimmune diseases, cancer, neurological disease, and a variety of other pathologies. You’ll also get immediate access to the latest related findings in cardiovascular medicine, epidemiology, infectious diseases, endocrinology, psychology, and psychiatry that served as the basis for research and therapeutic interventions. Medical Etiology, Assessment, and Treatment of Chronic Fatigue and Malaise: Clinical Differentiation and Intervention provides valuable information on: complicating factors in the diagnosis and treatment of fatigue symptom distress and quality of life body defense factors fatigue perception and severity chronic fatigue syndrome fatigue and the environment predisposed and perpetuating factors for chronic fatiguing illnesses cytokines endocrine factors and much more! Medical Etiology, Assessment, and Treatment of Chronic Fatigue and Malaise: Clinical Differentiation and Intervention also includes tables, figures, and references. This accessible reference guide is crucial for anyone suffering the effects of this baffling disorder and for the healthcare professionals they depend on.
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