Robert Snape's Books

Sacred Trust

The Medieval Church as an Economic Firm

By: Robert B. Ekelund,Robert D. Tollison,Gary M. Anderson,Robert F. Hébert,Audrey B. Davidson

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Sacred Trust

The Medieval Church as an Economic Firm

By: Robert B. Ekelund,Robert D. Tollison,Gary M. Anderson,Robert F. Hébert,Audrey B. Davidson

Without meaning to be irreverent, it is fair to say that in the Middle Ages, at the height of its political and economic power, the Roman Catholic Church functioned in part as a powerful and sophisticated corporation. The Church dealt in a "product" many consumers felt they had to have: the salvation of their immortal souls. The Pope served as its CEO, the College of Cardinals as its board of directors, bishoprics and monasteries as its franchises. And while the Church certainly had moral and social goals, this early antecedent to AT&T and General Motors had economic motives and methods as well, seeking to maximize profits by eliminating competitors and extending its markets. In Sacred Trust: The Medieval Church as an Economic Firm, five highly respected economists advance the controversial argument that the story of the Roman Catholic Church in the Middle Ages is in large part a story of supply and demand. Without denying the centrality--or sincerity--of religious motives, the authors employ the tools of modern economics to analyze how the Church's objectives went well beyond the realm of the spiritual. They explore the myriad sources of the Church's wealth, including tithes and land rents, donations and bequests, judicial services and monastic agricultural production. And they present an in-depth look at the ways in which Church principles on marriage, usury, and crusade were revised as necessary to meet--and in many ways to create--the needs of a vast body of consumers. Along the way, the book raises and answers many intriguing questions. The authors explore the reasons behind the great crusades against the Moslems, probing beyond motives of pure idealism to highlight the Church's concern with revenues from tourism and the sale of relics threatened by Moslem encroachment in the holy lands. They examine the Church's involvement in the marriage market, revealing how the clergy filled their coffers by extracting fees for blessing or dissolving marital unions, for hearing marital disputes, and even for granting permission for blood relatives to wed. And they shed light on the concept of purgatory, showing how this "product innovation" developed by the Church in the twelfth century--a form of "deferred payment"--opened the floodgates for a fresh market in post-mortem atonement through payments on behalf of the deceased. Finally, the authors show how the cumulative costs that the faithful were asked to bear eventually priced the Roman Catholic church out of the market, paving the way for Protestant reformers like Martin Luther. A ground-breaking look at the growth and decline of the medieval Church, Sacred Trust demonstrates how economic reasoning can be used to cast light on the behavior of any complex historical institution. It offers rare insight into one of the great historical powers of Western civilization, in a analysis that will intrigue anyone interested in life in the Middle Ages, in church history, or in the influence of economic motives on historical events.

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221

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0195356039

ISBN 13

9780195356038

Patriot Pirates

The Privateer War for Freedom and Fortune in the American Revolution

By: Robert H. Patton

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Patriot Pirates

The Privateer War for Freedom and Fortune in the American Revolution

By: Robert H. Patton

In this lively narrative history, Robert H. Patton, grandson of the World War II battlefield legend, tells a sweeping tale of courage, capitalism, naval warfare, and international political intrigue set on the high seas during the American Revolution. Patriot Pirates highlights the obscure but pivotal role played by colonial privateers in defeating Britain in the American Revolution. American privateering-essentially legalized piracy-began with a ragtag squadron of New England schooners in 1775. It quickly erupted into a massive seaborne insurgency involving thousands of money-mad patriots plundering Britain's maritime trade throughout Atlantic. Patton's extensive research brings to life the extraordinary adventures of privateers as they hammered the British economy, infuriated the Royal Navy, and humiliated the crown.

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322

Publisher

Vintage

Published Date

ISBN 10

0307390551

ISBN 13

9780307390554

Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass

Advances in Science and Technology

By: Robert C Brown,Kaige Wang

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Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass

Advances in Science and Technology

By: Robert C Brown,Kaige Wang

Fast pyrolysis and related catalytic pyrolysis are of increasing interest as pathways to advanced biofuels that closely mimic traditional petroleum products. Research has moved from empirical investigations to more fundamental studies of pyrolysis mechanisms. Theories on the chemical and physical pathways from plant polymers to pyrolysis products have proliferated as a result. This book brings together the latest developments in pyrolysis science and technology. It examines, reviews and challenges the unresolved and sometimes controversial questions about pyrolysis, helping advance the understanding of this important technology and stimulating discussion on the various competing theories of thermal deconstruction of plant polymers. Beginning with an introduction to the biomass-to-biofuels process via fast pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis, chapters address prominent questions such as whether free radicals or concerted reactions dominate deconstruction reactions. Finally, the book concludes with an economic analysis of fast pyrolysis versus catalytic pyrolysis. This book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers interested in the science behind renewable fuel technology, and particularly the thermochemical processing of biomass.

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291

Publisher

Royal Society of Chemistry

Published Date

ISBN 10

1782626182

ISBN 13

9781782626183

The Testing of Vocation

100 years of ministry selection in the Church of England

By: Robert Reiss

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The Testing of Vocation

100 years of ministry selection in the Church of England

By: Robert Reiss

The Testing of Vocation is a comprehensive study that will provide an essential reference volume for historians and all students of the vocation and ministry in today’s Church. It explores in detail the Church of England’s concept of vocation and how it has developed over the century in response to changes in society and in the church.

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327

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Canterbury Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0715143344

ISBN 13

9780715143346

Mallory, Irvine and Everest

The Last Step But One

By: Robert H Edwards

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Mallory, Irvine and Everest

The Last Step But One

By: Robert H Edwards

Unique and unconventional, Robert H. Edwards' book provides a new perspective on mountaineering’s greatest riddle. With fresh information, some controversial opinions, and plenty food for thought, it is bound to pour more fuel into the eternal flame that is the mystery of Mallory and Irvine. For this alone I highly recommend reading it!' - Jochen Hemmleb (Mountaineering writer and filmmaker, coinstigator and member of the 1999 expedition that found Mallory’s body, and three more search expeditions to Mount Everest) 'For a quarter of a century I’ve been held captive by the ghosts of Mallory & Irvine and their mysterious disappearance on Mount Everest in 1924. Finally, Bob Edwards has meticulously assembled all of the facts, the clues, and the countless possibilities surrounding their fate in a single, fascinating book.' - Thom Dharma Pollard (Member of the 1999 expedition that found Mallory’s body) The last climb of George Mallory and Andrew Irvine, towards the summit of Mount Everest on 8 June 1924, has been shrouded in mystery for a century. Were they the first humans to stand at the highest point in the world? The discovery of Mallory's body in 1999 did nothing to resolve the mystery. Until now, accounts of their climb have been driven by speculation and preconceived narrative. In this book, which marks the 100th anniversary of the fateful climb, Dr Robert Edwards brings the fresh and original perspective of a mathematician to the story of Mallory and Irvine. Dr Edwards has assembled the contemporary accounts of the early British expeditions, written by the climbers and their leaders, and has identified their anomalies and inconsistencies. He has studied the letters of George Mallory, and has held in his hand the diaries of Andrew Irvine. He has viewed, in person, some of the surviving artifacts: the ice axe found in 1933, and Mallory's boots, recovered in 1999. He has corresponded with modern mountaineers who have climbed Everest. Above all, he has applied mathematics and modern imaging and mapping technology to an analysis of what the 1924 climbers could, and could not, have seen and done.

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Page Count

250

Publisher

Pen and Sword History

Published Date

ISBN 10

1399034383

ISBN 13

9781399034388

An Introduction to Language with Online Study Tools 12 Months

By: Victoria Fromkin,Robert Rodman,Nina M. Hyams,Mengistu Amberber,Felicity Cox,Rosalind Thornton

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An Introduction to Language with Online Study Tools 12 Months

By: Victoria Fromkin,Robert Rodman,Nina M. Hyams,Mengistu Amberber,Felicity Cox,Rosalind Thornton

An Introduction to Language continues to be instrumental in introducing students to the fascinating study of human language. Engagingly and clearly written, it provides an overview of the key areas of linguistics from an Australian perspective. This classic text is suitable for students in fields as diverse as linguistics, computer science, English, communication studies, anthropology, foreign language teaching and speech pathology. The text is divided into four sections, and chapters take you through the nature of human language, the grammatical aspects and psychology of language, finishing with language and its relation to society. Chapters have also been reworked and revised to keep all syntax up-to-date and accurate. Popular features from previous editions have been retained for this ninth edition including learning objectives and margin definitions in each chapter, along with summary tables inside the covers, which assist you to learn core concepts and terminology.gy.

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Page Count

632

Publisher

Cengage AU

Published Date

ISBN 10

0170386805

ISBN 13

9780170386807

A Literary Cavalcade-V

By: Robert A. Parker

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A Literary Cavalcade-V

By: Robert A. Parker

For six decades, writer and editor Robert A. Parker has followed up each book he reads, mainly novels, with an evaluation of that book. His comments are informed by an independent critical view that balances a moral and literary sensibility. In this fifth of six volumes, the authors covered range from Brian Moore to Neil Sheehan, and include O'Connor, Pamuk, Patchett, Percy, Plante, Price, Read, Richler, Roth, Rowling, and Saramago. There are at least 120 authors included in this volume. These writers represent a range of writing styles, cultural influences, and moral philosophies. All are rated on their literary achievement, the effectiveness of plot, character, and setting, plus their recognition of the moral, ethical, and spiritual values of mankind.

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Page Count

435

Publisher

Lulu.com

Published Date

ISBN 10

1304037428

ISBN 13

9781304037428

Handbook of Unethical Work Behavior:

Implications for Individual Well-Being

By: Robert A Giacalone,Mark D Promislo

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Handbook of Unethical Work Behavior:

Implications for Individual Well-Being

By: Robert A Giacalone,Mark D Promislo

This handbook covers the widest possible range of organizational misbehaviors (age, race, and gender discrimination, abuse, bullying, aggression, violence, fraud and corruption), all with an eye toward the effects on individual and organizational health and well-being. It is the first-ever single-source resource on this important topic.

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553

Publisher

Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

1317469062

ISBN 13

9781317469063

Where Are the Fellows Who Cut the Hay?

How Traditions From the Past Can Shape Our Future

By: Robert Ashton

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Where Are the Fellows Who Cut the Hay?

How Traditions From the Past Can Shape Our Future

By: Robert Ashton

This is a book of life and why we should celebrate our roots before it is too late. Fascinating' John Connell, bestselling author of The Cow Book Where Are the Fellows Who Cut the Hay? is an ode to rural life, charting traditions of the past, how they were lost and why we need to reconnect. Exploring the relationship between everyday items and the communities that make them, Robert Ashton provides a snapshot of twenty-first century England. Where are the people who grow barley, milk cows and produce wool? How have their farming methods become less ethical, sustainable and natural over time? And what are we doing today to reverse that change? Inspired by George Ewart Evans’s Ask the Fellows Who Cut the Hay, Ashton gives voice to local people and travels rural Suffolk in search for innovation, interweaving his own personal connection to Evans and to the land. Part memoir, part social history, Ashton’s thought-provoking book is a manifesto for why, against all odds, we need to step back in order to progress. 'An earthy and immensely thoughtful book, full of experience and wisdom ...Eessential reading for anybody who wants to understand rural life, how we got here, and what we’ve lost' Patrick Galbraith, author of In Search of One Last Song 'We hear the authentic voices of local people, still in the middle of great forces of transformation. Now we hope these will create more sustainable and progressive futures' Jules Pretty, author of The East Country 'Informed by a deep familiarity with the county, Ashton reveals how an intimate knowledge of the rural past and present can contribute to shaping a meaningful future' Professor Gareth Williams, biographer of George Ewart Evans

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242

Publisher

Unbound Publishing

Published Date

ISBN 10

1800182996

ISBN 13

9781800182998

Services in the International Economy

By: Robert Mitchell Stern

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Services in the International Economy

By: Robert Mitchell Stern

Examines the growing role of services in the world economy

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548

Publisher

University of Michigan Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0472112171

ISBN 13

9780472112173

Contemporary Follies

By: Keith Moskow,Robert Linn

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Contemporary Follies

By: Keith Moskow,Robert Linn

Contemporary Follies showcases outstanding examples of contemporary design that address our place in nature. Emerging from the Enlightenment spirit of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Thomas Jefferson, the English picturesque folly, and the forest retreats of Scandinavian modernists, these projects inspire contemplation and creativity in their spatial energy and alliance with the environment. The book features fifty structures, including work by internationally recognized firms such as Arata Isozaki & Associates, Heatherwick Studios, Patkau Architects, Steven Ehrlich Architects, TEN Arquitectos as well as innovative young studios in all parts of the world: Norway, United Kingdom, Austria, Chile, Germany, Ecuador, Finland, Taiwan, Spain, Canada, Netherlands, United States, Czech Republic, France, and Switzerland. International in scope and focused on design excellence, this collection of exquisite buildings will appeal to all who yearn for a place of their own, a retreat in which to regroup and reprioritize. Together these small structures are the contemporary interpretation of the folly, the small building nestled in the landscape, a place apart.

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242

Publisher

The Monacelli Press, LLC

Published Date

ISBN 10

1580933408

ISBN 13

9781580933407

Graham Greene’s Conradian Masterplot

The Arabesques of Influence

By: Robert Pendleton

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Graham Greene’s Conradian Masterplot

The Arabesques of Influence

By: Robert Pendleton

From The Man Within (1929) to The Captain and the Enemy (1988), Graham Greene engaged in a lifelong dialogue with Joseph Conrad's political, psychological and melodramatic fictions. Repressing Conrad's political anxieties, his early work displaces the protagonist's existential dilemma into the form of the thriller or - alternatively -the 'Catholic' novel. After The Quiet American (1955), however, Greene's novels return to politics, introducing comic variations which transform Conrad's 'masterplot' into a mixed genre uniquely his own, a process charted in this book, the first full-length study of the subject.

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188

Publisher

Springer

Published Date

ISBN 10

1349243639

ISBN 13

9781349243631

Guardians of the Wild

A History of the Warden Service of Canada's National Parks

By: Robert J. Burns,Michael J. Schintz

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Guardians of the Wild

A History of the Warden Service of Canada's National Parks

By: Robert J. Burns,Michael J. Schintz

A Canadian historian and a 39-year veteran of the Warden Service collaborate on this history of the Warden Service from its formative years to the present. Covers evolving National Park philosophies and how the expanding park system, changing societal expectations, and technological change brought change to the role of the park warden. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR.

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401

Publisher

University of Calgary Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1552380181

ISBN 13

9781552380185

Visible and Apostolic

The Constitution of the Church in High Church Anglican and Non-juror Thought

By: Robert D. Cornwall

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Visible and Apostolic

The Constitution of the Church in High Church Anglican and Non-juror Thought

By: Robert D. Cornwall

This book examines the development of high church Anglican ecclesiology in the half century following the Glorious Revolution of 1688. It attempts to demonstrate that a significant body of Christians existed in England who espoused a traditionalist and often primitivist Christianity.

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224

Publisher

University of Delaware Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0874134668

ISBN 13

9780874134667

Bush Versus the Environment

By: Robert S. Devine

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Bush Versus the Environment

By: Robert S. Devine

Since becoming president, George W. Bush has walked away from the Kyoto Protocol, pushed for oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, undermined protections for endangered species and wilderness, and retreated from his campaign pledge to regulate carbon dioxide. But the president’s agenda reaches deeper than these well-known policies. In Bush Versus the Environment, Robert Devine shows how the White House is quietly undermining the entire system of environmental safeguards that has developed over the past thirty years. The administration's tactics include: -Encouraging lawsuits against the federal government that challenge existing environmental laws, and then feebly defending the cases in court. -Ignoring science that doesn’t support the president's goals, and pressuring government scientists to produce the results the administration wants. -Using fuzzy math to overestimate the costs and underestimate the benefits of regulations that protect human health and the environment, which can lead to the elimination of much-needed rules. These are just a few of the administration’s strategies, which are being pursued beneath the radar of a public that overwhelmingly supports environmental protections. Bush Versus the Environment is a compelling and important look at one of the most important issues facing America today, one that will have consequences that last long after Bush has left office.

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290

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Anchor

Published Date

ISBN 10

0307425126

ISBN 13

9780307425126

Privilege and Prophecy

Social Activism in the Post-War Episcopal Church

By: Robert Tobin

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Privilege and Prophecy

Social Activism in the Post-War Episcopal Church

By: Robert Tobin

The Episcopal Church has long been regarded as the religion of choice among America's ruling elite, helping to set the tone for the moral and social life of the nation during the twentieth century. Shaped by their experiences of the Great Depression and World War II, a new generation of Episcopal leaders emerged after 1945, eager to place their church in the vanguard of social reform and reconciliation. These liberal activists came to dominate the church's national structures during the 1960s and shaped its response to the civil rights and anti-war movements. They sought to reposition the Episcopal Church as a catalyst for progressive change. Even so, these leaders routinely neglected black, female, and working-class Episcopalians, even as they espoused the causes of equality and liberation in the wider society. This study focuses on forms of social activism and theological innovation pursued by members of the war generation. Attending to the development of such activities among the WASP elite provides crucial insight into their underlying assumptions about social and theological authority and helps explain their ambivalent response to the challenges faced in the 1960s and 1970s. Drawing upon extensive archival research, this book not only offers a group portrait of Episcopalianism's leading post-war figures but documents the ways in which their individual pursuits influenced the direction of the church as a whole.

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Page Count

387

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0190906146

ISBN 13

9780190906146

Poole's Casebook on Contract Law

By: Robert Merkin,Severine Saintier

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Poole's Casebook on Contract Law

By: Robert Merkin,Severine Saintier

All the cases you need, together with the tools to understand them. Now updated by Professor Robert Merkin and Dr Severine Saintier, Poole's Casebook on Contract Law takes a uniquely supportive approach, to give you the confidence to engage with and analyse judgments.

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Page Count

865

Publisher

Oxford University Press, USA

Published Date

ISBN 10

019881786X

ISBN 13

9780198817864

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