Recognizing the need for improved control measures in the manufacturing process of highly sensitized semiconductor technology, this practical reference provides in-depth and advanced treatment on the origins, procedures, and disposal of a variety of contaminants. It uses contemporary examples based on the latest hardware and processing apparatus to illustrate previously unavailable results and insights along with experimental and theoretical developments. Ensures the proper methods necessary to meet the standards established in the 1997 National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (NTRS)! Summarizing up-to-date control practices in the industry, Contamination-Free Manufacturing for Semiconductors and Other Precision Products: Details the physics and chemistry behind the mechanisms leading to contamination-induced failures Considers particles and molecular contaminants, including the entire spectrum of mass-based contaminants Outlines primary contamination problems and target control levels Reveals and offers solutions to inadequate areas of measurement capability and control technology Clarifies significant problems and decisions facing the industry by analyzing NTRS standards and contamination mechanisms Containing over 700 literature references, drawings, photographs, equations, and tables, Contamination-Free Manufacturing for Semiconductors and Other Precision Products is an essential reference for electrical and electronics, instrumentation, process, manufacturing, development, contamination control and quality engineers; physicists; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.
A previously unrecognized class of a priori indecomposable modules, containing all the commonly known indecomposable modules over an Artin ring, is studied. Modules in this class are termed modules with cores. Amalgamating modules with cores, other indecomposable modules, not necessarily having cores, are constructed. With a severe restriction on the underlying ring, modules with cores are classified in terms of certain iterated amalgamations; and when every indecomposable module has a core, the underlying rings are also classified.
In Pursuit of Leviathan traces the American whaling industry from its rise in the 1840s to its precipitous fall at the end of the nineteenth century. Using detailed and comprehensive data that describe more than four thousand whaling voyages from New Bedford, Massachusetts, the leading nineteenth-century whaling port, the authors explore the market for whale products, crew quality and labor contracts, and whale biology and distribution, and assess the productivity of the American fleet. They then examine new whaling techniques developed at the end of the nineteenth century, such as modified clippers and harpoons, and the introduction of darting guns. Despite the common belief that the whaling industry declined due to a fall in whale stocks, the authors argue that the industry's collapse was related to changes in technology and market conditions. Providing a wealth of historical information, In Pursuit of Leviathan is a classic industry study that will provide intriguing reading for anyone interested in the history of whaling.
This text explores what political corruption actually is. Its economic and transnational dimensions are reviewed, as are its links with international organized crime, money laundering, people smuggling and the international drugs trade.
Describes the sweeping transformation of secondary school education that has occured over the past forty-five years, an essential background for understanding the high school today.
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