This book provides a collection of experiments to introduce lasers into the undergraduate curricula in Chemistry and Physics. A variety of experiments are included with different levels of complexity. All have background information, experimental details and the theoretical background necessary to interpret the results.
The safety, effectiveness, and utility of medical nanorobotic devices will critically depend upon their biocompatibility with human organs, tissues, cells, and biochemical systems. In this Volume, we broaden the definition of nanomedical biocompatibility to include all of the mechanical, physiological, immunological, cytological, and biochemical re
This book describes a simple yet innovative method for performing Raman spectroscopy of samples submerged under liquid nitrogen. While Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool for the characterization of the structure of matter in the gaseous, liquid, and solid phases, one major difficulty in its application has been laser damage to the material under investigation, especially for biological samples. This book demonstrates how immersion of the sample in liquid nitrogen protects the sample from thermal degradation and oxidation at high incident laser power and allows improvements in sensitivity and spectral resolution over room-temperature Raman spectroscopy, leading to the so-called RUN (Raman Spectroscopy Under liquid Nitrogen) technique. Cooling to liquid nitrogen temperature also allows the selection of the lowest energy molecular conformation for molecules which may have many low energy conformers. In addition, the presence of liquid nitrogen over a roughened surface improves the sensitivity of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), enabling the closely related SERSUN (Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Under liquid Nitrogen) technique. This book starts with the theoretical and experimental basics of Raman and polarized Raman spectroscopy, before moving on to detailed descriptions of RUN and SERSUN. Room temperature and RUN spectra are provided for over fifty molecules.
This book's objectives are: (1) a clear understanding of the theory and principles of communication, and (2) an internalization of those principles in behavior. Both knowledge and skill are necessary to effective communication. To that end, we have provided study aids throughout the book that will make it easier to acquire the concepts and principles of communication and to translate those concepts and principles into behavior.
The Rough Guide to England is the definitive guide to this fascinating country. A 24-page, full-colour section introduces England''s highlights with incisive reviews of all the best places to stay, eat, drink and party - plus new ''author''s picks'' to highlight the very best options. The guide includes informed accounts of all the top sights from The Eden Project to The Baltic Centre in Newcastle. There are practical tips on everything from cycling coast to coast, to hiking in the Yorkshire Dales. The guide also takes a detailed look at England''s culture, politics, history and wildlife. This revised edition includes three brand-new, full-colour inserts: ''National Museums/Monuments'', ''England''s Coast'' and ''Castles''. The guide comes complete with maps and plans for the every region
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