Vocabulary development is essential for learning, but conventional vocabulary assessments lack the range and flexibility to support K–12 classroom teachers in making instructional decisions. Drawing on linguistics, educational psychology, and educational measurement, this book offers a fresh perspective on word learning and describes powerful, precise assessment strategies. Guidelines are presented for selecting which words to teach, evaluating the depth and richness of students' word knowledge and their ability to apply it in complex contexts, designing effective instructional practices, and using technology to create adaptive and scalable assessments. User-friendly features include sample test items, classroom examples, a glossary, and suggested print and online resources.
Research demonstrates that children of poverty need more than just academic instruction to succeed. Discover a blueprint for turning low-performing schools into Cultures of Hope! The authors draw from their own experiences working with high-poverty, high-achieving schools to illustrate how to support students with an approach that considers social as well as emotional factors in education.
Examine critical studies on high-performing, high-poverty schools to identify how schools can fulfill the mission of educating all students to proficiency, especially students at risk. The authors compiled the most important research on how low-performing, high-poverty schools achieved radical improvements in learning for their most vulnerable students and also identified eight best practices, breaking them down into specific strategies, often using real-life examples from successful schools.
Several key developments challenge the field of educational measurement today: demands for tests at larger scales with higher stakes, an improved understanding of how people develop capabilities, and new technologies for interactive digital assessments. Sociocognitive Foundations of Educational Measurement integrates new developments in educational measurement and educational psychology in order to provide researchers, testing professionals, and students with an innovative sociocognitive perspective on assessment. This comprehensive volume begins with a broad explanation of the sociocognitive perspective and the foundations of assessment, then provides a series of focused applications to major topics such as assessment arguments, validity, fairness, interactive assessment, and a conception of "measurement" in educational assessment. Classical test theory, item response theory, categorical models, mixture models, cognitive diagnosis models, and Bayesian networks are explored from the resulting perspective. Ideal for specialists in these areas, graduate students, developers, and scholars in both educational measurement and fields that contribute to a sociocognitive perspective, this book consolidates nearly a decade of research into a fresh perspective on educational measurement.
Through three editions, Cryptography: Theory and Practice, has been embraced by instructors and students alike. It offers a comprehensive primer for the subject’s fundamentals while presenting the most current advances in cryptography. The authors offer comprehensive, in-depth treatment of the methods and protocols that are vital to safeguarding the seemingly infinite and increasing amount of information circulating around the world. Key Features of the Fourth Edition: New chapter on the exciting, emerging new area of post-quantum cryptography (Chapter 9). New high-level, nontechnical overview of the goals and tools of cryptography (Chapter 1). New mathematical appendix that summarizes definitions and main results on number theory and algebra (Appendix A). An expanded treatment of stream ciphers, including common design techniques along with coverage of Trivium. Interesting attacks on cryptosystems, including: padding oracle attack correlation attacks and algebraic attacks on stream ciphers attack on the DUAL-EC random bit generator that makes use of a trapdoor. A treatment of the sponge construction for hash functions and its use in the new SHA-3 hash standard. Methods of key distribution in sensor networks. The basics of visual cryptography, allowing a secure method to split a secret visual message into pieces (shares) that can later be combined to reconstruct the secret. The fundamental techniques cryptocurrencies, as used in Bitcoin and blockchain. The basics of the new methods employed in messaging protocols such as Signal, including deniability and Diffie-Hellman key ratcheting.
Encouraging the development of a personal model of supervision built upon the integration of theory, research, and regard for the uniqueness of clinical settings, this new text will prepare readers for approved supervisor credential while advancing their ability to blend systemic theory with clinical practice in the context of personal and professional development.
Good intentions are not enough—create a bold new leadership paradigm to achieve equity in opportunities and outcomes! If you′re serious about providing a level playing field for all, it is time to do more than identify and lament the reasons for educational disparities and why they persist. John Robert Browne II shows how Culturally Courageous Leadership by all school community stakeholders can help you achieve equitable learning opportunities and outcomes for all students. This practical guide: Shows how to develop realistic, data-based plans for putting equity initiatives into action Helps district and school administrators work with teacher, parent, student, and community leaders to advance equity and excellence Provides concrete examples of what it takes to empower staff and stakeholders through collaborative leadership Offers tips on how to navigate the politics when addressing the interface between identity, race, culture, poverty, primary language, and achievement School-based examples, role-play activities, profiles of educators exemplifying leadership for equity, "make it personal" questions, facilitator notes, and diagnostic assessments are provided so you can engage your entire school or district community in equity transformation. If you are ready to take on the challenge of becoming an "equity warrior," then Walking the Equity Talk will show you the path forward.
This new combination volume of three-books-in-one, dealing with the topic of artifacts in behavioral research, was designed as both introduction and reminder. It was designed as an introduction to the topic for graduate students, advanced undergraduates, and younger researchers. It was designed as a reminder to more experienced researchers, in and out of academia, that the problems of artifacts in behavioral research, that they may have learned about as beginning researchers, have not gone away. For example, problems of experimenter effects have not been solved. Experimenters still differ in the ways in which they see, interpret, and manipulate their data. Experimenters still obtain different responses from research participants (human or infrahuman) as a function of experimenters' states and traits of biosocial, psychosocial, and situational origins. Experimenters' expectations still serve too often as self-fulfilling prophecies, a problem that biomedical researchers have acknowledged and guarded against better than have behavioral researchers; e.g., many biomedical studies would be considered of unpublishable quality had their experimenters not been blind to experimental condition. Problems of participant or subject effects have also not been solved. We usually still draw our research samples from a population of volunteers that differ along many dimensions from those not finding their way into our research. Research participants are still often suspicious of experimenters' intent, try to figure out what experimenters are after, and are concerned about what the experimenter thinks of them.
The first in a new series created to acknowledge the explosion of knowledge in fields related to infectious disesases and clinical microbiology. Thirteen contributions focus on organisms which are of major medical importance in this country or which have contributed to an understanding of pathology.
Text Retrieval and Filtering: Analytical Models of Performance is the first book that addresses the problem of analytically computing the performance of retrieval and filtering systems. The book describes means by which retrieval may be studied analytically, allowing one to describe current performance, predict future performance, and to understand why systems perform as they do. The focus is on retrieving and filtering natural language text, with material addressing retrieval performance for the simple case of queries with a single term, the more complex case with multiple terms, both with term independence and term dependence, and for the use of grammatical information to improve performance. Unambiguous statements of the conditions under which one method or system will be more effective than another are developed. Text Retrieval and Filtering: Analytical Models of Performance focuses on the performance of systems that retrieve natural language text, considering full sentences as well as phrases and individual words. The last chapter explicitly addresses how grammatical constructs and methods may be studied in the context of retrieval or filtering system performance. The book builds toward solving this problem, although the material in earlier chapters is as useful to those addressing non-linguistic, statistical concerns as it is to linguists. Those interested in grammatical information should be cautioned to carefully examine earlier chapters, especially Chapters 7 and 8, which discuss purely statistical relationships between terms, before moving on to Chapter 10, which explicitly addresses linguistic issues. Text Retrieval and Filtering: Analytical Models of Performance is suitable as a secondary text for a graduate level course on Information Retrieval or Linguistics, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.
It is often said that one of the key determinants of a book's wmth is the extent to which it fulfills the reader's expectations. As such, we welcome this oppor tunity to help formulate the expectations of our readers, to express our view of what this book is and what it is not. We believe that fully appreciating this volume requires understanding its mission and how it differs from that of other books on research methodology. We have not prepared a primer on research techniques. We offer no "how to" guides for researchers-nothing on how to conduct interviews, how to design studies, or how to analyze data. We also have not prepared a partisan platform documenting "our way" of thinking about research. Very few, if any, attempts at proselytizing may be found in these pages. What we have done, we believe, is to bring together a number of recurring controversial issues about social psychological research-issues that have divided profes sionals, puzzled students, and filled the pages of our journals. Few scholars have missed reports arguing the sides of various methodological contro versies, such as those surrounding the merits or shortcomings of field research in comparison to laboratory research, the use of role playing as an alternative for studies involving deception, or the value of informed consent procedures, to name only a few examples. Our aim in preparing this volume has been to organize and summarize the salient aspects of these and other impmtant controversial issues.
There can be no doubt that alkaline phosphatase is one of the most extensively in vestigated of all enzymes. This has resulted from the ubiquity of its distribution, and from the ease and sensitivity with which its activity can be measured. Unfortunately, these wide-ranging but often superficial experimental studies have been followed up by intensive and systematic investigations in only a few limited areas of the biochemistry and chemical pathology of alkaline phosphatase. The result has been the accumulation of a scientific literature of intimidating proportions, and the inevitable rediscovery of already known facts about the enzyme. Scientists are taught early in their careers that, in the words of Sir John Herschel, "Hasty generalization is the bane of science. " Nevertheless, moments arrive in all spheres of scientific activity when generalization becomes essential, to codify and to select from the mass of data already accumulated, and to provide starting points for new developments and new lines of investigation. This is especially true in a field such as alkaline phosphatase research, in which very real dangers exist that the seeds of fundamental understanding will be lost amidst an unexamined harvest of empirical observations. The history of the study of alkaline phosphatase provides several instances when valuable generalizations have emerged. Occasionally, the conclusions drawn on the basis of available evidence were wrong; more frequently, they have stood the test of further experimentation, and always, they have provided new insights into the nature and proper ties of this enzyme.
As pediatric cardiology becomes more and more neonatal cardiology and even fetal cardiology, Neonatal Heart Disease by Robert M. Freedom, MO, Leland N. Benson, MD, and Jeffrey F. Smallhorn, MB is extraordinarily timely. Neonatal Heart Disease consists of 50 chapters by 25 distinguished contributors and is a worthy successor to The Neonate With Congenital Heart Disease by Richard D. Rowe, MD and his colleagues (1968 and 1981). The first ~dition of this book in 1968 established Richard D. Rowe, MD as the father of neonatal cardiology. As most pediatric cardiologists now know, Dick Rowe died on January 18, 1988 after a brief illness. It will therefore come as no surprise that the present volume is dedicated to this great and gentle man. Nor will it come as a surprise that I have been asked to devote this Foreword to Richard D. Rowe, MD, pioneering neonatal cardiologist and incomparable personal friend. What can one say about Dick Rowe? Well, there are at least two very different tales. There is Dick Rowe the public man -the factual account of Dick Rowe's achievements as a physician, educator, and research man - the Dick Rowe that virtually "everyone" knows. And then there is Dick Rowe the private man -the extraordinary human being who only his personal friends were privileged to know. I shall try to tell something of both stories. First, the public man - the factual account - is really quite amazing.
The ability to read a paper, judge its quality, the importance of its results, and make a decision about whether to change practice based on the information given, is a core skill for all doctors. To be able to do this quickly and efficiently is, without a doubt, a skill needed by all time-pressured emergency doctors and one which is tested in the Fellowship of the College of Emergency Medicine (FCEM) examination. Critical Appraisal for FCEM is the essential revision source for all those who want to pass the critical appraisal section of this exam. It is also required reading for those who want to incorporate evidence-based medicine into their everyday clinical practice. Features: Helps you become truly competent in critical appraisal Provides information in "Spod’s Corner," which helps you reach the next level and excel Prepares you for the Critical Topic Review Contains two fictional practice papers to test and practise your knowledge With its relaxed conversational style—yet crammed with essential information, key tips, and advice—this book is indispensable for all those wanting to achieve success in their FCEM and MCEM examinations.
This classic text, one of the true anchors of our clinical genetics publishing program, covers over 700 different genetic syndromes involving the head and neck, and it has established itself as the definitive, comprehensive work on the subject. The discussion covers the phenotype spectrum, epidemiology, mode of inheritance, pathogenesis, and clinical profile of each condition, all of which is accompanied by a wealth of illustrations. The authors are recognized leaders in the field, and their vast knowledge and strong clinical judgment will help readers make sense of this complex and burgeoning field. Dr. Gorlin retires as editor in this edition and co-editor Raoul Hennekam takes over. Dr. Hennekam is regarded as one of the top dysmorphologists--and indeed one of the top clinical geneticists--in the world. Judith Allanson is new to the book but is a veteran OUP author and a widely respected geneticist, and Ian Krantz at Penn is a rising star in the field. Dr. Gorlin's name has always been closely associated with the book, and it has now become part of the title. As in all fields of genetics, there has been an explosion in the genetics of dysmorphology syndromes, and the author has undertaken a complete updating of all chapters in light of the discoveries of the Human Genome Project and other ongoing advances, with some chapters requiring complete rewriting. Additional material has been added both in terms of new syndromes and in updating information on existing syndromes. The book will appeal to clinical geneticists, pediatricians, neurologists, head and neck surgeons, otolarynologists, and dentists. The 4th edition, which published in 2001, has sold 2,600 copies.
The burden of valvular heart disease / George A. Mensah -- Clinical pathology of valvular heart disease / William Clifford Roberts and Jong Mi Ko -- Cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms of valvular heart disease / Nalini Marie Rajamannan -- Left ventricular adaptation to pressure and/or volume overload / Blase A. Carabello -- Evaluation of valvular heart disease by echocardiography / Catherine M. Otto -- Evaluation of valvular heart disease by cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography / David M. Shavelle -- Evaluation of valvular heart disease by cardiac magnetic resonance and computed tomography / Mario J. Garcia -- Basic principles of medical therapy in the patient with valvular heart disease / Catherine M. Otto -- Aortic stenosis / Raphael Rosenhek and Helmut Baumgartner -- Aortic regurgitation / Pilar Tornos and Robert O. Bonow -- The bicuspid aortic valve / Alan C. Braverman and Michael A. Beardslee -- Surgical approach to aortic valve disease / Paul Stelzer and David H. Adams -- Percutaneous aortic valve implantation / Brad Munt -- Rheumatic mitral valve disease / Bernard Iung and Alec Vahanian -- Myxomatous mitral valve disease / Brian Griffin -- Ischemic mitral regurgitation / Ronen Beeri [and others] -- Mitral regurgitation : timing of surgery / Rick A. Nishimura and Hartzell V. Schaff -- Mitral valve repair and replacement, including associated atrial fibrillation and tricuspid regurgitation / Patrick M. McCarthy and S. Chris Malaisrie -- Percutaneous transcatheter intervention for mitral regurgitation / Peter C. Block -- Intraoperative echocardiography for mitral valve disease / Pravin M. Shah -- Right-sided valve disease / Charles J. Bruce and Heidi M. Connolly -- Infective endocarditis / Thomas M. Bashore -- Prosthetic heart valves / Patrick T. O'Gara, Robert O. Bonow, and Catherine M. Otto -- Valve disease in children / L. LuAnn Minich [and others] -- Valvular heart disease in pregnancy / Karen Stout.
Valvular Heart Disease is now an even better source for all your questions on dysfunctions or abnormalities of the heart’s four valves. In the third edition, Catherine Otto is joined by Robert Bonow and a team of expert contributors to bring you the latest developments in imaging and treatment. The full-color images and illustrations reflect the cutting-edge imaging and diagnostic modalities—Doppler echo and MR—that are so important for diagnosing aortic valve defects. Superb diagrams, an increased focus on imaging and case-based presentation, and new chapters—on Cardiac MR and CT imaging for valvular heart disease; Genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of valvular disease; Bicuspid aortic valve disease; and Ischemic mitral regurgitation—further enhance this valuable reference. Presents comprehensive coverage of valvular heart disease to provide you with a complete reference and one-stop shop for this specialty in cardiac medicine. Provides complete guidance on how and why to surgically treat valve patients for a reliable manual on managing difficult cases. Features chapters on pediatric and pregnant patients so you know what considerations to take into account when treating these special populations. Introduces Robert Bonow as an editor, who joins Catherine Otto and the team of expert authors to provide you with guidance from leaders in the field. Features new chapters—Genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of valvular disease; Bicuspid aortic valve disease; and Ischemic mitral regurgitation—for the latest in cutting-edge research and clinical data. Reflects the latest in imaging modalities in the new section on cardiac MR and CT imaging for valvular heart disease to provide you with a full understand of the tools for the most accurate diagnosis. Presents detailed illustrations and images in full color to better showcase valve anatomy and dysfunction, as well as important techniques and surgical procedures. Includes a summary of the new ACC/AHA valvular heart disease guidelines in each chapter to keep you up to date on the latest best practices throughout the field.
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