On first consideration, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents a nearly insurmountable challenge in terms of understanding it at the molecular level in large part because of its immense heterogeneity as well as its variability across different age groups. In addition, while significant progress has been made in the overall survival of subsets of patients with AML, many continue to show little progress in terms of positive treatment outcomes. Cytogenetic and initial molecular studies have resulted in the ability to stratify patients into specific risk categories that predict favorable-, intermediate- and poor-risk outcomes. However, these categories are limited in their ability to predict accurately how individual patients will respond to therapy and have not resulted in the ability to treat effectively patients with specific treatments. They have, however, resulted in excluding hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with favorable-risk disease. Genome-wide analysis promises to improve both treatment and outcomes. The initial studies using whole-exon or whole-genome sequencing identified mutations in several novel genes that surprisingly were involved in regulating DNA methylation and chromatin structure. Subsequently, mutations were found in genes encoding transcription factors, signaling pathway modulators and genes involved in RNA splicing. Further analyses have identified mutations in key elements of miRNAs. Genome-wide methylation studies have highlighted key patterns that track with specific cytogenetic and gene mutations. Such epigenetic studies have led to the use of treatments directed to altering chromatin structure and DNA methylation. These treatments remain targeted specifically at specific enzymatic components of chromatin structure and function, but their key molecular consequences remain unclear and clinical responses unpredictable. RNA sequencing has led to the identification of both novel pathways of leukemia cell survival and unexpected fusion transcripts, which may ultimately be therapeutically targeted.
The Year Book of Oncology brings you abstracts of the articles that reported the year's breakthrough developments in oncology, carefully selected from more than 500 journals worldwide. Expert commentaries evaluate the clinical importance of each article and discuss its application to your practice. There's no faster or easier way to stay informed! Topics include Supportive Care, Breast Cancer, Gynecologic Cancers, Genitourinary Cancers, Hematologic Malignancies, Thoracic Cancer, Gastrointestinal Cancer and Cancer Biology. The Year Book of Oncology is available annually in November.
The Year Book of Oncology brings you abstracts of the articles that reported the year's breakthrough developments in oncology, carefully selected from more than 500 journals worldwide. Expert commentaries evaluate the clinical importance of each article and discuss its application to your practice. There's no faster or easier way to stay informed! Topics include Supportive Care, Breast Cancer, Gynecologic Cancers, Genitourinary Cancers, Hematologic Malignancies, Thoracic Cancer, Gastrointestinal Cancer and Cancer Biology. The Year Book of Oncology is available annually in November.
From the first descriptions of cancer in Egypt around 3000 BC to our current “one week” whole-genome sequence, the history of integrating new ideas into the practice of medicine has been unrelenting, although not without its failures as well its successes. This chapter represents a brief historical summary of some of the key success stories in our understanding of cancer that has led to our current age of cancer genomics. As the Chinese proverb states, “When you drink from the well, remember who dug it”, and reflecting on this rich and varied history, we conclude the chapter with a discussion of current and future challenges to the application of our new and developing understanding of cancer genomes to patient therapy.
Publisher's Note: Products purchased from 3rd Party sellers are not guaranteed by the Publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. This extensive title, which combines scientific principles with up-to-date clinical procedures, has been thoroughly updated for the fourteenth edition. You’ll find in-depth material on the biology and pathophysiology of lymphomas, leukemias, platelet destruction, and other hematological disorders as well as the procedures for diagnosing and treating them.
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