Assessing the accuracy of the census is essential given that census data are used to apportion seats in Congress, to redraw congressional districts, and for many other public and private purposes. The Census Bureau's (CB) Census Coverage Measurement program (CCM) is to assess the accuracy of the 2010 Census and improve the design of operations for the 2020 Census. In April 2008, a report was issued that recommended that the CB identify how it would relate CCM results to census operations to improve future censuses. This report examined: (1) the status of CCM planning; and (2) the effects of design decisions since the April 2008 report. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication.
Many federal assistance programs are funded by formula grants that have historically relied at least in part on population data from the decennial census and related data to allocate funds. In June 2009, the Census Bureau reported that in FY 2007 the fed. gov¿t. (FG) obligated over $446 billion through funding formulas that rely at least in part on census and related data. This report determined: (1) how much the FG obligates to the largest fed. assistance programs based on the decennial census and related data, and how the Recovery Act changed that amount; and (2) what factors could affect the role of population in grant funding formulas. The report identified the 10 largest fed. assistance programs in FY 2008 and 2009. Charts and tables.
This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Executive Order (EO) 13166 directs each federal agency to improve access to federal programs and services for persons with limited English proficiency (LEP). Agencies are required to develop recipient guidance and/or an LEP plan outlining steps for ensuring that LEP persons can access federal services and programs. This report: (1) determined which agencies have completed their recipient guidance and LEP plan; (2) assessed the extent to which the selected agencies have implemented the EO, and (3) examined three selected agencies' efforts to enhance collaboration. The report selected the IRS, FEMA, and SBA for this review because of the amount and significance of their interaction with LEP persons. Charts and tables.
An accurate decennial census relies on finding and counting people in their place of residence, and collecting complete and correct info. on them. This is difficult as the nation¿s population is growing larger, more diverse, and difficult to find and reluctant to participate in the census. Undercounts have plagued the census and the differential impact on various sub-populations such as minorities and children is problematic. This report describes: (1) activities the Bureau plans to use to help reduce the differential undercount and improve participation; (2) the various challenges and opportunities that might affect the Bureau¿s ability to improve coverage in 2010; and (3) how different population estimates can impact the allocation of fed. grant funds. Charts and tables.
The decennial census produces data used to apportion congressional seats, redraw congressional districts, and help allocate billions of dollars in federal assistance. In March 2008, the 2010 Census was designated a high-risk area in part because of info. tech. (IT )shortcomings. The U.S. Census Bureau (CB) has since strengthened its risk management efforts and made other improvements. This testimony discusses the Bureau's readiness for 2010 and covers: (1) the delivery of key IT systems, (2) preliminary findings on the results of address canvassing and the lessons learned from that operation that can be applied to subsequent field operations, and (3) the CB's progress in improving its cost estimation abilities. Charts and tables.
The Census Bureau has insufficient policies and procedures and inadequately trained staff for conducting high-quality cost estimation for the decennial census. Lacking plans for the development of both non-response follow-up and the management system, the Bureau faces the risk of not having them developed and fully tested in time for the 2010 Census. The Bureau faces long-standing challenges with the nation's linguistic diversity and privacy concerns, which can contribute to the under-counting of some groups. With just over a year remaining until Census Day, uncertainties surround the Bureau's overall readiness for 2010. Illustrations.
The fed. gov¿t. has annually distributed over $300 billion in fed. assistance through grant programs using formulas driven in part by census population data. The U.S. Census Bureau puts forth tremendous effort to conduct an accurate count of the nation's population, yet some error in the form of persons missed or counted more than once is inevitable. Because many fed. grant programs rely to some degree on population measures, shifts in population, inaccuracies in census counts, and methodological problems with population estimates can all affect the allocation of funds. This testimony discusses: how census data are used in the allocation of fed. formula grant funds; and how the structure of the formulas and other factors can affect those allocations. Illus.
The 2010 Census was added to a list of high-risk programs in 2008 in part because of: (1) long-standing weaknesses in the Census Bureau¿s (CB) info. tech. acquisition and contract mgmt. function; (2) difficulties in developing reliable life-cycle cost estimates; and (3) key operations that were not tested under operational conditions. These issues jeopardized the CB¿s readiness for the count. Moreover, concerns over privacy have made a cost-effective census an increasingly difficult challenge. At $13 billion, 2010 was the costliest U.S. Census in history. This testimony focuses on lessons learned from the 2010 Census, and initiatives that show promise for producing a more cost-effective population count in 2020. Illus. This is a print on demand report.
Agencies are allowed to raise pay caps for their Senior Executive Service (SES) members if the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) certifies and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) concurs that their appraisal systems meet applicable criteria. This report examines selected agencies' policies and procedures for: (1) factoring organizational performance into SES appraisal decisions; (2) making meaningful distinctions in SES performance; and (3) building safeguards into SES systems. Also, this report examines OPM and OMB oversight in certifying the pay systems through their statutory roles. The auditor selected 6 agencies and analyzed the agencies' policies and FY 2007 aggregate SES appraisal data and OPM guidance. Illus.
To address the challenges that the nation faces, it will be important for fed. agencies to change their cultures and create the institutional capacity to become high-performing organizations. This includes recruiting and retaining a fed. workforce able to create, sustain, and thrive in organizations that are flatter, results-oriented, and externally focused. This testimony, based on a large body of completed work issued from Jan. 2001 through April 2008, focuses on: (1) challenges that fed. agencies have faced in recruiting and hiring talented employees; (2) progress in addressing these challenges; and (3) additional actions that are needed to strengthen recruiting and hiring efforts.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely used non-invasive brain stimulation technique. It represents an exciting new frontier in neuroscience research and can be used to examine neural processes, providing insights into pathophysiology and treating a variety of neuropsychiatric illnesses. A Practical Guide to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Neurophysiology and Treatment Studies presents an overview of the use of TMS as both an investigational tool and as treatment for neurological and psychiatric disorders. The chapters include an overview of the history and basic principles of TMS and repetitive TMS (rTMS), the different types of TMS coils, different stimulation approaches, the use of neuronavigation, and safety considerations. The utility of single and paired TMS techniques to measure cortical inhibition, facilitation, connectivity and reactivity in motor and non-motor brain areas, the different methods of using TMS to induce brain plasticity, and use of TMS in cognitive studies are explored. It also covers TMS and rTMS combined with electroencephalography (EEG) in neurophysiological studies. The authors provide a summary of the clinical applications of TMS in neurological and psychiatric disorders including depression, schizophrenia, stroke, Parkinson disease, and pain. This up-to-date volume provides a compendious review of the use of TMS and rTMS that will help guide the utility of this methodology in both clinical and research settings. This practical guide will be a useful resource for those new to the field, as well as experienced users, for both research and clinical settings.
The Depression era saw the first mass student movement in American history. The crusade, led in large part by young Communists, was both an anti-war campaign and a movement championing a broader and more egalitarian vision of the welfare state than that of the New Dealers. The movement arose from a massive political awakening on campus, caused by the economic crisis of the 1930s, the escalating international tensions, and threat of world war wrought by fascism. At its peak, in the late 1930s, the movement mobilized at least a half million collegians in annual strikes against war. Never before, and not again until the 1960s, were so many undergraduates mobilized for political protest in the United States. The movement lost nearly all its momentum in 1939, when the signing of the Hitler-Stalin pact served to discredit the student Communist leaders. Adding to the emerging portrait of political life in the 1930s, this book is the result of an extraordinary amount of research, has fascinating individual stories to tell, and offers the first comprehensive history of this student insurgency.
The U.S. Census Bureau (Bureau) puts forth tremendous effort to conduct a complete and accurate count of the nation's population and housing; yet some degree of error in the form of persons missed, duplicated, or counted in the wrong place is inevitable due to the complexity in counting a large and diverse population. The Bureau designed two operations, Coverage Follow-up (CFU) and Field Verification (FV), to reduce certain types of counting, or coverage, errors in the 2010 Census. This report assessed: (1) the extent to which the Bureau completed CFU and FV on schedule and within estimated cost; and (2) the implications of their key design elements for improving coverage. Illus. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication.
Assessing the accuracy of the census is essential given that census data are used to apportion seats in Congress, to redraw congressional districts, and for many other public and private purposes. The Census Bureau's (CB) Census Coverage Measurement program (CCM) is to assess the accuracy of the 2010 Census and improve the design of operations for the 2020 Census. In April 2008, a report was issued that recommended that the CB identify how it would relate CCM results to census operations to improve future censuses. This report examined: (1) the status of CCM planning; and (2) the effects of design decisions since the April 2008 report. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication.
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