3 nant expression systems have been used to make MHC molecules con taining a single peptide of interest. To date, fifteen single peptide class I structures (incorporating three different HLA and two different H-2 allotypes/isotypes) and four additional class II structures (two single peptide complexes and two superantigen complexes) have been reported. These advances have enabled us to study the atomic detail of antigen presentation and the general mechanisms behind peptide binding, and begin to construct models of T cell recognition. Another area of research which has exploded over the past five years has been the identification of MHC-associated peptides. There are several methods one can use to determine the sequence identity of MHC restricted peptides. Historically, the most successful technique, albeit crude and encumbered with serious limitations, has been the use of overlapping synthetic peptides and T cell clones. Unfortunately, this method absolutely requires: (i) knowledge of the target antigen; (ii) availability of T cell clones; and (iii) a relatively short overall length for the target source protein, such that a set of overlapping pep tides can be affordably synthesized. Briefly, the entire sequence of the tar get protein is chemically synthesized using overlapping peptides which are then screened for biological activity using standard T cell presen tation assays. Despite its limitations, this method was used to identify the first immunodominant epitopes reported in the literature and con tinues to be used successfully today.
The 'Melbourne 2030' plan is the Victorian Government's blueprint for the accommodation of an additional one million people in Melbourne by the year 2030. The plan seeks to change the shape of Melbourne radically. The vision is of a compact city in which growth will be concentrated in existing commercial centres (activity centres). Notwithstanding this fundamental departure from the low density pattern of the past, it is claimed that Melbourne's famed 'liveability' will be preserved. This book explores: the intellectual origins of the plan; demographic assumptions behind the plan; the mode of implementation; the likely impact on the built environment; environmental and social consequences; heritage outcomes; and alternative planning options. It also critically examines assumptions about the projected demand for higher density housing, and argues that the plan's 'compact city' vision is unlikely to be achieved because it fails to come to grips with the economic and demographic realities facing Melbourne.
The book blends the art of marketing (implementing programs to attain and retain customers) with the science of marketing (what we know from research about markets, customer behavior, etc.) to provide insight for marketing managers about how to implement marketing more effectively to both create and capture the value of the offers they make to their target customers. In the process, it questions the usefulness of some of the more recent marketing fads. Clearly written and presented the book is ideal for advanced and professional students of marketing as well as marketing professionals.
Beautifully crafted, powerfully illustrated with conversation, theoretically important, and almost unique as an ethnography."—Arthur Kleinman, Harvard University
This book provides insights into health, disease, and healing in the Indus Civilisation during the third to early second millennia BCE. Based on original research, it examines skeletal remains, material culture, and environmental factors. The book sheds light on diseases, healing practices, and public health in this ancient civilization.
In one compact volume, here are the innovative tactics business leaders need to attain maximum financial performance for their companies. Whether they're selling beer or land, this book is one book managers can't afford to ignore
The book examines the origins, development and contemporary significance of the Soviet doctrine of 'limited sovereignty' ('Brezhnev Doctrine'), with particular reference to the Doctrine's implications for the Soviet Union's relations with Eastern Europe. The author identifies and considers the multiple functions served by the Soviet Union's essentially dualistic or 'bi-axial' approach to sovereignty, which embraces notions derived from both general international law and from Soviet Marxist-Leninist doctrine. The book also includes a comparative analysis of the US 'Monroe Doctrine'. The author argues that, although in the Gorbachev era of 'new thinking', the Soviet doctrine of sovereignty may be developing a 'third axis', Western predictions of the imminent or actual demise of the 'Brezhnev Doctrine' are premature.
Environmental Regulation: Law, Science, and Policy demystifies the complexity of environmental law. It provides up-to-date, comprehensive and accessible coverage of this rapidly changing field. After exploring the causes of environmental problems and the moral values they implicate, the casebook provides a structural overview of the regulatory system. It considers how environmental law seeks to protect public health and the environment from climate change, toxic chemicals, hazardous wastes, and air and water pollution. This casebook covers land use regulation, protection of biodiversity, environmental impact assessment, environmental enforcement, and international environmental law. Written in a style accessible to the non-specialist, this casebook affords instructors flexibility in organizing courses. Effective teaching and study aids include outlines of the structure of each environmental statute, real-world-based problems and questions, “pathfinders” explaining where to find crucial source materials for every major topic, an extensive glossary, and a list of acronyms. The accompanying Website is kept current with annual statutory and case supplements. New to the 9th Edition: The most comprehensive updating and editing of this classic casebook since the first edition helped define the field nearly thirty years ago, including: Biden administration reversals of Trump changes to federal environmental policy How efforts to combat the climate crisis are affecting all areas of environmental law New material on environmental justice throughout the casebook The impact of the global pandemic on environmental law and policy New material on the social cost of carbon, PFAS and chemical testing, the Navigable Waters Protection Rule, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, environmental enforcement, and private environmental governance Excerpts from important new court decisions including: County of Mauiv. Hawaii Wildlife Fund (groundwater and the Clean Water Act) ARCO v. Christian (the impact of CERCLA on state remedies for environmental contamination) Weyerhaeuser v. US Fish & Wildlife Service (critical habitat for endangered species) American Lung Ass’n v. EPA (DC Circuit’s 2021 decision invalidating the Trump administration’s Affordable Clean Energy regulations for greenhouse gas emissions under the Clean Air Act) Juliana v. US (9th Circuit decision dismissing claims that the federal government violated constitutional environmental rights by promoting fossil fuels) McKiverv. Murphy-Brown (4th Circuit decision on private nuisance, CAFOS and environmental justice) Jam v. International Finance Corporation (immunity of international development bank for financing coal-fired power plant in India) New and improved problem exercises Streamlined and more tightly edited and featuring a new Teacher’s Manual Professors and students will benefit from: Comprehensive and up-to-date coverage in a style accessible to the non-specialist Self-contained chapters for flexibility in organizing courses A detailed examination of policy Focus on environmental statutes How statutes translate into regulations Factors that affect real-world behavior Effective teaching and study aids Outlines of the structure of each environmental statute Real-world-based problems and questions “pathfinders” explaining where to find crucial source materials for every major subject area Extensive glossary List of acronyms
Features a comprehensive summary of the chemical, physiological, and nutritional relationships of all recognized vitamins! Maintaining the standards of excellence set forth in the previous editions, the Handbook of Vitamins, Third Edition presents a thorough examination of the fundamental characteristics, functions, and roles of vitamins in human health. Extensively updated and expanded to reflect the latest advances in analytical and separation methodologies! Offering a compendium of authoritative, current knowledge on the nature and function of each known nutrient, the Third Edition discusses.... improvements in the methodology, isolation, identification, and the synthesis of vitamins the chemistry, metabolism, and biochemical functions of vitamins vitamin interactions with environmental factors, drugs, alcohol, and smoking vitamins in disease prevention and health promotion the efficacy and hazards of high vitamin dosages and more! New sections cover... the roles vitamins play as catalysts, cellular regulators, and co-substrates biochemical markers for vitamin deficiency and groups at risk the relationship of B12 and folate metabolism to homocysteine regulation, and the possible connections of homocysteine to vascular diseases and developmental defects new roles for vitamins A, K, and D, and the role of vitamin E and flavonoids in oxidant defense Containing over 2800 literature references and 150 illustrations and tables, the Handbook of Vitamins, Third Edition serves as an indisputably valuable reference for human and animal nutritionists, dietitians, food scientists and technologists, biochemists, organic and analytical chemists, pharmacologists, toxicologists, physiologists, physicians in general practice, and makes an indispensable text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.
When Bad Things Happen to Good Property features a review of economics and theory of real estate environmental damages, empirical results from peer-reviewed literature, and legal outcomes of environmental contamination litigation in the United States. It also includes chapters written by plaintiff and defense lawyers on litigating environmental cases and addresses the role of the real estate expert. In addition, the book analyzes outcomes with respect to frequency of lawsuit activity, evaluates litigious approaches for multiple damages cases, and discusses the plight of the small claims plaintiff. It concludes with a review of a number of case studies of actual toxic tort cases. When Bad Things Happen to Good Property is packed with various tables, figures, appendices, as well as a very large reference table (the BIG MATRIX) that assists residential property owners (exposed to different types of contamination) and their attorneys find out what kind of damages may be typical when contamination has effected property values.
The fields of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) continue to attract the attention of researchers in the various disciplines connected to these fascinating problems that represent two of the key outstanding chemical challenges for the petroleum refining industry in view of their very strong environmental and commercial implications. One area that has flourished impressively over the last 15 years is the organometallic chemistry of thiophenes and other related sulfur-containing molecules. This has become a powerful method for modeling numerous surface species and reactions implicated in HDS schemes, and nowadays it represents an attractive complement to the standard procedures of surface chemistry and heterogeneous catalysis, for understanding the complex reaction mechanisms involved in this process. Similar developments have begun to appear in connection with HDN mechanisms, although in a much more modest scale and depth. Some years ago when, encouraged by Prof. B. R. James, this book was planned, several excellent reviews and monographs treating different aspects of HDS were already available including some on the subject of organometallic models. However, it seemed appropriate to try to summarize the most striking features of this chemistry in an updated and systematic way, and inasmuch as possible in connection with the common knowledge and beliefs of the mechanisms of heterogeneous HDS catalysis. Hopefully, this attempt to build some conceptual bridges between these two traditionally separated areas of chemistry has met with some success.
This remarkable volume, now in its Fifth Edition, will take your research straight to the pressure points of contemporary confirmation proceedings. Ordin on Contesting Confirmation was written for attorneys representing secured and unsecured creditors as well as counsel for debtors in possession, committees, trustees, asset purchasers and other participants, and covers a wide variety of substantive issues potentially affecting the strategy and outcome of a creditor's challenge to a debtor's proposed plan of reorganization under Chapter 11, including: Plans that violate court-approved stipulations Claim classification, impaired claims, allowed secured claims Specific plan provisions Effect of confirmation Post-confirmation proceedings Duty of court and counsel in confirming plans Acceptance of impaired class Competing plans Release of non-debtor third parties Valuation issues
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