This ground-breaking work is a detailed account of an innovative and in-depth study of the attitudes of in excess of 500 Japanese learners towards a number of standard and non-standard as well as native and non-native varieties of English speech. The research conducted refines the investigation of learner attitudes by employing a range of pioneering techniques of attitude measurement. These methods are largely incorporated from the strong traditions that exist in the fields of social psychology and second language acquisition and utilize both direct and indirect techniques of attitude measurement. The author locates the findings in the context of the wealth of literature on native speaker evaluations of languages and language varieties. The study is unique in that the results provide clear evidence of both attitude change and high levels of linguistic awareness among the informants of social and geographical diversity within the English language. These findings are analyzed in detail in relation to the global spread of English as well as in terms of the pedagogical implications for the choice of linguistic model employed in English language classrooms both inside and outside Japan. The issues examined are of particular interest to educators, researchers and students in the fields of applied linguistics, TESOL, second language acquisition, social psychology of language and sociolinguistics. The pedagogical and language policy implications of the findings obtained make essential reading for those with a specific focus on the role of the English language and English language teaching, both in Japan and beyond.
English Words: History and Structure is concerned primarily with the learned vocabulary of English, the words borrowed from the classical languages. It surveys the historical events that define the layers of vocabulary in English, introduces some of the basic principles of linguistic analysis, and is a helpful manual for vocabulary discernment and enrichment. Exercises accompanying each chapter and further readings on recent loans and the legal and medical vocabulary of English will be available online in the near future. * Introduces students to some basic linguistic terms needed for the discussion of phonological and morphological changes accompanying word formation * Designed to lead students to a finer appreciation of their language and greater ability to recognize relationships between words and discriminate between meanings * An informative appendix discusses the history and usefulness of the best known British and American dictionaries * Online readings and exercises to deepen and strengthen knowledge acquired in the classroom
This series is designed to provide a detailed account of one of the major problems in the teaching of a second language—the interference caused by structural differences between the native language of the learner and the foreign language he is studying. The similarities and differences between English and the language being taught are described in two volumes, one on the sound systems and one on the grammatical systems, for some of the foreign languages most in demand in the United States today.
“A fascinating study not only of the roots and growth of our own language but of its future.”—Bloomsbury Review It seems impossible: a small island in the North Atlantic, colonized by Rome, then pillaged for hundreds of years by marauding neighbors, becomes the dominant world power in the nineteenth century. In this provocative new look at the course of empire, Robert McCrum shows how the language of the Anglo-American imperium has become the world’s lingua franca. In the twenty-first century, writes the author, English + Microsoft = Globish.
This book makes learning Old English easy. It contains a simplified grammar, a minimum of phonology, well-chosen selections from Old English prose, and rich selections from Old English poetry. The texts are in regularized spelling, based on Early West Saxon, so that beginners will not have to wrestle with a shifting orthography. All texts come with facing-page literal translations. The prose selections include: "The Voyages of Ohthere and Wulfstan"; "The Story of King Cynewulf of Wessex"; "The Wars of King Alfred against the Vikings"; and King Alfred's Preface to Cura Pastoralis. The poetry includes: Caedmon's "Hymn" from Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People; The Battle of Brunanburg; The Battle of Maldon; The Dream of Rood from the Vercelli Book; The Wanderer, The Seafarer, The Wife's Lament, The Storm Riddles, The Panther, and The Whale from The Exeter Book.
Get the AP college credits you've worked so hard for... Our savvy test experts show you the way to master the test and score higher. This new and fully expanded edition examines all AP English Language & Composition areas including in-depth coverage of critical writing and critical reading. The comprehensive review covers every possible exam topic: literature commentaries, writing as dialogue, analysis and argument, prose and more. Features 3 full-length practice exams with all answers thoroughly explained. Includes the complete AP English Language and Composition Test Prep book plus CD-ROM software with 3 timed, computerized exams that provide actual exam conditions with controlled timing and question order. Your score and test performance is automatically calculated plus the program provides analysis of your performance with suggestions for further study. Follow up your study with REA's test-taking strategies, powerhouse drills and study schedule that get you ready for test day. DETAILS - Comprehensive, up-to-date subject review of every English language and composition area used in the AP exam. - CD-ROM TESTware program containing the book's 3 practice exams to give you the closest thing to experiencing an exam live at a computer testing center. - Study schedule tailored to your needs - Packed with proven exam tips, insights and advice - 3 Full-Length Practice Exams. All exam answers are fully detailed with easy-to-follow, easy-to-grasp explanations. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS CPU: 75 MHz Pentium or compatible (300MHz or higher recommended); Windows 98 or higher; RAM: 64MB minimum available TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT RESEARCH & EDUCATION ASSOCIATION STUDY SCHEDULE CHAPTER 1 Scoring High on the AP English Language & Composition Exam - About the Book - About the Test - Scoring the Exam - Distribution of Grades - How to Use this Book and TESTware - How to Contact the AP Program CHAPTER 2 - Learning About the "Other" Literature - What is Literature? - A Brief Look at the Significance of the Essay - Strategies for Critical Reading of Prose Passages - What Critical Readers Do - Commentary on Mark Twain's "Female Suffrage" - Commentary on Ben Franklin's "The Handsome and Deformed Leg"- - Commentary on the Excerpt from Charles Lamb's "A Bachelor's - Complaint of the Behaviour of Married People" - Conclusion CHAPTER 3 - Writing About the "Other" Literature: A Critical Dialogue - Critical Writing - Writing as Dialogue - Writing for the AP Examination - Strategies for Analysis and Argument - Analytic Writing: A Critical Dialogue with Washington Irving's "The Voyage" - A Critical Dialogue on "Idleness an Anxious and Miserable State" by Samuel Johnson and "An Apology for Idlers" - by Robert Louis Stevenson - A Brief Review of Argumentative Structure - Argument Outline CHAPTER 4 - Preparing for and Taking the AP Exam - Format of the AP English Language & Composition Examination - Critical Reading of Prose Passages- - Answering Multiple-Choice Questions - Answering Essay Questions - Strategies for Answering Essay Questions - Scoring Guidelines CHAPTER 5 - Glossary of Literary and Rhetorical Terms AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE & COMPOSITION PRACTICE TEST I - Test I - Answer Key - Detailed Explanations of Answers AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE & COMPOSITION PRACTICE TEST II - Test II - Answer Key - Detailed Explanations of Answers AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE & COMPOSITION PRACTICE TEST III - Test III - Answer Key - Detailed Explanations of Answers APPENDICES - Appendix A - Punctuation - Appendix B - Spelling ANSWER SHEETS INSTALLING REA's TESTware USING YOUR INTERACTIVE TESTware Chapter 1 : Scoring High on the AP English Language & Composition Exam About the Book This test-preparation guide provides all the tools you'll need to do well on the Advanced Placement Examination in English Language & Composition. In addition to test-taking techniques and the information required by the test - such as literary definitions and essay structure - you will find complete lessons that teach you the skills demanded by this test. The instructional passages of this book teach you critical reading skills by using material beyond the range of the AP exam. You will be taught by lesson and example how to write high--scoring essays that demonstrate all you have learned. To complement the chapters on critical reading, Chapter 4 focuses on the test itself and prepares you for it specifically. Everything you need to know for the test is encapsulated in this chapter. You will find helpful facts about the AP exam, along with a breakdown of the questions into easily recognizable types. As the time of the test approaches, you will be able to concentrate on this chapter for the most time-efficient preparation. Our book also provides three full-length practice tests. Our exams include thorough explanations of the answers for added instruction and self-diagnosis of problem areas. We also include a glossary of literary terms with 65 entries, all fully defined. About the Test The Advanced Placement Examination in English Language & Composition is geared toward the student who has studied the mechanics of writing and rhetoric at an advanced level, and wishes to pursue college credit. Take care not to confuse the AP Examination in English Language & Composition with the AP Examination in Literature & Composition. The Literature exam focuses on literature and literary criticism, while the Language exam deals with writing as a craft. This book is designed to help you prepare for the AP Examination in English Language & Composition only. The AP English Language & Composition Exam is divided into two sections: Section 1 - Multiple-Choice (60 minutes - accounts for 45% of total score) Five or six reading passages, with an average of 10 questions each. Section 2 - Free-Response (up to 120 minutes - accounts for 55% of total score) Three essay questions. The first section consists of five or six reading passages and sixty multiple-choice questions, which you will have one hour to complete. Each passage will be followed by an average of ten questions and thereafter the passage will not be referred to again. Do not feel pressured to remember each reading - just digest them one at a time and move on. After reading the passage, you will have approximately one minute to answer each question. The second section of the AP English Language & Composition Exam consists of three essay questions, and is divided such that you will have forty minutes to write each essay. Do not expect to be able to go back to an essay after the allotted time has elapsed. Note that each essay has very specific instructions, and most have a passage which you will read critically to answer the essay question. Your essays will be scored according to the essay structure, the clarity of your writing, and the extent to which you have answered the question. Scoring the Exam The multiple-choice section of the exam is scored by crediting each correct answer with one point and deducting one-fourth of a point for each incorrect answer. Unanswered questions receive neither a credit nor a deduction. The free- response essays are graded by more than 5,000 instructors and professors who gather together each June for a week of non-stop AP essay grading. Each essay booklet is read and scored by four graders. Each grader provides a score for the individual essays. This score is a number on a scale from 0 to 9, 0 being the lowest and 9 the highest. The graders are not aware of each other's scores. When the essays have been graded four times, the scores are averaged - one score for each of the three essays - so that the free-response section is composed of three scores. The three essays are weighted equally, and the total weight of the free-response section is fifty-five percent of the total score. The multiple-choice section accounts for forty-five percent of the total score. Each year the overall grades may fluctuate because the grading scale depends upon the performance of students in past AP administrations. The following method of scoring, along with the corresponding chart, will give you an approximation of your score. It will not indicate the exact score you would get on the actual AP English Language & Composition Exam
Professor Malcolmson provides a full account of the sports, pastimes and festive celebrations of the English labouring people in the eighteenth century.
Using a variety of texts, but the Matter of England romances in particular, the author argues that they show a continued interest in the Anglo-Saxon past, from the localised East Sussex legend of King Alfred that underlies the twelfth-century Proverbs of Alfred, to the institutional interest in the Guy of Warwick narrative exhibited by the community of St Swithun's Priory in Winchester during the fifteenth century; they are part of a continued cultural remembrance that encompasses chronicles, folk memories, and literature."--BOOK JACKET.
This bibliography covers visions of Heaven and Hell - or, more usually, Purgatory and Earthly Paradise - in 19 medieval texts relating seven visions: the vision of St Paul, or the Eleven Pains of Hell; St Patrick's purgatory; the vision of Tundale; a revelation of purgatory; the revelation of the Monk of Eynsham; the vision of Fursey; and the vision of Edmund Leversedge.
A NEWER EDITION OF THIS TITLE IS AVAILABLE. SEE ISBN: 978-0-7386-0787-0 REA ... Real review, Real practice, Real results. Get the college credits you deserve. AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE & COMPOSITION Completely aligned with today’s AP exam Are you prepared to excel on the AP exam? * Set up a study schedule by following our results-driven timeline * Take the first practice test to discover what you know and what you should know * Use REA's advice to ready yourself for proper study and success Practice for real * Create the closest experience to test-day conditions with 3 full-length practice tests * Chart your progress with full and detailed explanations of all answers * Boost your confidence with test-taking strategies and experienced advice Sharpen your knowledge and skills * The book's full subject review features coverage of critical writing and critical reading, as well as all specific topics on the exam: literature commentaries, writing as dialogue, analysis and argument, prose and more * Smart and friendly lessons reinforce necessary skills * Key tutorials enhance specific abilities needed on the test * Targeted drills increase comprehension and help organize study Ideal for Classroom, Family, or Solo Test Preparation! REA has provided advanced preparation for generations of advanced students who have excelled on important tests and in life. REA’s AP study guides are teacher-recommended and written by experts who have mastered the course and the test.
Doing Englishexamines the evolution of English as a subject and questions the assumptions that lie behind approaches to literature. The author deals with the exciting new ideas and contentious debates that inform English education today, covering a range of issues from critical approaches to value, the canon and Shakespeare, to cultural heritage and national identity and on to the future of English. In response to requests from readers, this fully revised second edition includes a new chapter on narrative. This volume is an essential purchase for all those planning to 'do English' at degree level.
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