A passionate quest for the historical James refigures Christian origins, … can be enjoyed as a thrilling essay in historical detection." —The Guardian James was a vegetarian, wore only linen clothing, bathed daily at dawn in cold water, and was a life-long Nazirite. In this profound and provocative work of scholarly detection, eminent biblical scholar Robert Eisenman introduces a startling theory about the identity of James—the brother of Jesus, who was almost entirely marginalized in the New Testament.Drawing on long-overlooked early Church texts and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Eisenman reveals in this groundbreaking exploration that James, not Peter, was the real successor to the movement we now call "Christianity." In an argument with enormous implications, Eisenman identifies Paul as deeply compromised by Roman contacts. James is presented as not simply the leader of Christianity of his day, but the popular Jewish leader of his time, whose death triggered the Uprising against Rome—a fact that creative rewriting of early Church documents has obscured. Eisenman reveals that characters such as "Judas Iscariot" and "the Apostle James" did not exist as such. In delineating the deliberate falsifications in New Testament dcouments, Eisenman shows how—as James was written out—anti-Semitism was written in. By rescuing James from the oblivion into which he was cast, the final conclusion of James the Brother of Jesus is, in the words of The Jerusalem Post, "apocalyptic" —who and whatever James was, so was Jesus.
Note to readers: The New Testament Code Companion only contains the newly revised endnotes; original pictures, genealogical charts, and maps from Robert Eisenman's classic work. This text is designed for those who wish a side-by-side comparative experience with the end materials as they read the original text. The New Testament Code Companion is only available in print. The material in this text is contained within the eBook edition of The New Testament Code. In The New Testament Code: The Cup of the Lord, the Damascus Covenant, and the Blood of Christ world-renowned scholar and bestselling author Robert Eisenman uncovers the Truth and unravels the real code behind New Testament allusions like "this is the Cup of the New Covenant in my blood" and connects them to "the New Covenant in the Land of Damascus" and "drinking the Cup of the Wrath of God" in the Dead Sea Scrolls. In doing so, Eisenman demonstrates the integral relationship of James the Brother of Jesus to the Righteous Teacher of the Dead Sea Scrolls, deciphers the way the picture of "Jesus" was put together in the Gospels, and clarifies the real history of Palestine in the first century and, as a consequence, what can be known about the real "Jesus." In paring away the traces of Greco-Roman anti-Semitism-which were deliberately introduced into "this picture" thereby tainting Western history ever since-The New Testament Code shows what happened in Palestine in that time, not what the enemies of those making war against Rome wanted people to think happened. In making these arguments and exposing these revisions, overwrites, and falsifications that were introduced into the New Testament, Eisenman also explains the esoteric meaning of many of the usages with which we are all so familiar in the Western World. In doing so, he identifies the Scrolls as the literature of 'the Messianic Movement in Palestine' and 'decodes' many well-known and beloved sayings in the Gospels such as, "Every Plant which My Heavenly Father has not planted shall be uprooted," "Do not throw Holy Things to dogs," "A man shall not be known by what goes into his mouth but, rather, by what comes out of it," and "These are the signs that the Lord did in Cana of Galilee." Offering a thorough and in-depth, point-by-point analysis of James' relationship to the Dead Sea Scrolls, he illumines such subjects as the "Pella Flight," "the Wilderness Camps," and Paul as an "Herodian," exposing Peter's true historical role as "a prototypical Essene," who was used in the Gospels and the Book of Acts as a mouthpiece for Anti-Semitism, and demonstrating how, once we have found the Historical James, we have found the Historical Jesus. He covers new archaeological discoveries along the Dead Sea, AMS radiocarbon dating of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the controversial almost miraculous appearance of the "James Ossuary" (which he considers having been based on his book on James) and the reasons for its being considered a fraud. A crucial new point that emerges in The New Testament Code is the identification of the document known as the MMT as a Letter from James to someone early Church Fathers call the "Great King of the Peoples beyond the Euphrates." Readers will not be disappointed.
In The New Testament Code: The Cup of the Lord, the Damascus Covenant, and the Blood of Christ world-renowned scholar and bestselling author Robert Eisenman uncovers the Truth and unravels the real code behind New Testament allusions like "this is the Cup of the New Covenant in my blood" and connects them to "the New Covenant in the Land of Damascus" and "drinking the Cup of the Wrath of God" in the Dead Sea Scrolls. In doing so, Eisenman demonstrates the integral relationship of James the Brother of Jesus to the Righteous Teacher of the Dead Sea Scrolls, deciphers the way the picture of "Jesus" was put together in the Gospels, and clarifies the real history of Palestine in the first century and, as a consequence, what can be known about the real "Jesus." In paring away the traces of Greco-Roman anti-Semitism-which were deliberately introduced into "this picture" thereby tainting Western history ever since-The New Testament Code shows what really happened in Palestine in that time, not what the enemies of those making war against Rome wanted people to think happened. In making these arguments and exposing these revisions, overwrites, and falsifications that were introduced into the New Testament, Eisenman also explains the esoteric meaning of many of the usages with which we are all so familiar in the Western World. In doing so, he identifies the Scrolls as the literature of 'the Messianic Movement in Palestine' and 'decodes' many well-known and beloved sayings in the Gospels such as, "Every Plant which My Heavenly Father has not planted shall be uprooted," "Do not throw Holy Things to dogs," "A man shall not be known by what goes into his mouth but, rather, by what comes out of it," and "These are the signs that the Lord did in Cana of Galilee." Offering a thorough and in-depth, point-by-point analysis of James' relationship to the Dead Sea Scrolls, he illumines such subjects as the "Pella Flight," "the Wilderness Camps," and Paul as an "Herodian," exposing Peter's true historical role as "a prototypical Essene," who was used in the Gospels and the Book of Acts as a mouthpiece for Anti-Semitism, and demonstrating how, once we have found the Historical James, we have found the Historical Jesus. He covers new archaeological discoveries along the Dead Sea, AMS radiocarbon dating of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the controversial almost miraculous appearance of the "James Ossuary" (which he considers having been based on his book on James) and the reasons for its being considered a fraud. A crucial new point that emerges in The New Testament Code is the identification of the document known as the MMT as a Letter from James to someone early Church Fathers call the "Great King of the Peoples beyond the Euphrates." Readers will not be disappointed. The crowning point of all his arguments will be his exposition of the relationship of "the New Covenant in the Land of Damascus" in the Dead Sea Scrolls to the ritual of "the Last Supper;" and 'the Cup' connected to both, to be but a parody-one of the other. The final mysteries of the Dead Sea Scrolls as they relate to Peter, Paul and James will be elucidated. Did Paul know the meaning of the famous Damascus Document, discovered in the Cairo Genizah in 1897, "to set the Holy Things up according to their precise specifications"? Or the reverse of it, as Peter was presented as discovering it in the Books of Acts-to make "no distinctions between Holy and profane"? These and many other questions will be revealed in The New Testament Code. Endnotes and other back matter for this text may be found in The New Testament Code Companion or visit this title's book page at the publisher's website for a free PDF download of the back materials.
Was James - rather than Peter - the true Spiritual heir to Jesus? In this profound and provocative work of scholarly detection, eminent biblical scholar Robert Eisenmann introduces a startling theory about the identity of James - the brother of Jesus, who was almost entirely marginalized in the New Testament. Drawing on suppressed early Church texts and the revelations in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Eisenmann propounds in this groundbreaking exploration that James, not Peter, was the real successor to the movement we now call 'Christianity.' In an argument with enormous implications, Eisenmann identifies Paul as deeply compromised by Roman contacts. James is presented as not simply a leader of Christianity of his day, but the popular Jewish leader of his time, whose death triggered the Uprising against Rome - a fact that creative rewriting of early Church documents has obscured.
By the author of the best-selling Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered and the James the Brother of Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls series, fascinating to beginner and scholar alike, this book provides further delineation of the relationship between the Dead Sea Scrolls and Christianity's formative years in Palestine. Included in this volume are Prof. Eisenman's first two ground-breaking works: Maccabees, Zadokites, Christians and Qumran and James the Just in Habakkuk Pesher. The foundation pieces of his new approach to the Scrolls and "Palestinian Christianity," they triggered the debate over their relationship to Christian Origins generally ultimately leading to the freeing of the Scrolls early in the 1990's - a struggle in which he played a pivotal role. Also included in this volume are unpublished papers and essays, written and presented by him at international conferences in the past. These include "Paul as Herodian," "Rain Imagery at Qumran," and "The Final Proof that James and the Righteous Teacher are the Same" altogether providing a thorough and even more challenging presentation of the link of the Scrolls to early First-Century Christianity in Palestine. This volume also contains new translations of three key Qumran Documents: the Habakkuk Pesher, the Damascus Document, and the Community Rule, all almost only available in the sometimes inaccurate and often inconsistent renderings of Consensus 'Scholars' missing the electric brilliance of the writers of the Scrolls. Now, for the first time, the reader will have a chance to see the difference between these and a translation that grasps the apocalyptic mindset of the authors of the Scrolls. Subjecting the archaeology, paleography, and other external dating tools of Qumran research to rigorous criticism, Prof. Eisenman presents a fascinating and compelling picture of a nationalistic, xenophobic, and militant "Messianism" very different from the way we currently view Christianity - in fact, the literature of "the Messianic Movement in Palestine" itself. Not only does this book challenge preconceptions, it sets forth the detailed arguments necessary to connect "the Righteous Teacher" at Qumran to "the First Christians" and even the family of Jesus itself. In so doing, it connects the ideological adversary of this Teacher, "the Spouter of Lying" - in some cases even denoted "the Joker" - with Paul.
Sixty years ago, James Levin, a liberated Jew from the New Jersey Suburbs, met up by accident at a Fraternity Party with Suzanne Fisher, a Jewish girl from Brooklyn whom, generally, he would have looked down upon. A junior, he had just transferred his interests in Einstein and nuclear physics to Nietzsche, Joyce, and classical music while she-a totally unknown Freshman-was just being rushed by several Jewish Sororities (they had such things in those days-Fraternities too-even in his father's who had also belonged to one). A Jewish girl from Brooklyn? That was unheard of. Impossible. He could not be seen dead with such a girl-especially by his brother finishing up his ROTC service in Korea. But this one was different. This one could play the piano and, when she played, her fingers moved over the keyboard as if in a dream. This one had transferred from Erasmus H.S. in Brooklyn to The New York School of Performing Arts and could play Chopin by heart as if she owned him, caressed him, loved him-and she had been in Paris! This one he could not resist. Why could she play Chopin as if inhabiting his soul? Because of her father, a refugee from Vienna and in Brooklyn nothing more than a lowly numbers-collector-though her mother's father had built some early pushcart activity in this same Brooklyn to a Seat on the New York Stock Exchange. Her father, who had lost a sister whom he obviously adored to the Nazis during the War, spared no mercy in beating his only daughter into her replica. Both presumably could play Chopin and, yes, her father beat her-beat her to the point that she was petrified of him. This was the girl, James Levin suddenly encountered in the middle of his Junior Year at Cornell. Something of a change from Eisenman's usual genre, a novel-fiction instead of discourse, which the public might find even more attractive as he was probably a better writer then before he went academic. Therefore, though some 55 years old, nothing has been changed in the manuscript-so well did it read in the original-except some punctuation and sentence structure. Because Triphammer Falls was written shortly after the pivotal Time Period being portrayed (in the late 50's), it offers a veritable time capsule of a Period people still find and realize to be fascinating. A real change of pace for him, it was in fact written before people like Thomas Pynchon-who preceded him at Cornell but quit to join the Navy-wrote V and Philip Roth-who was writing about the people he knew personally in South Orange, NJ (especially the girl with the "nose job," who went around with a diaphragm in her purse and whose brother went on to play basketball at Ohio State)-wrote many of his works. Not only is it extremely well-written but the authenticity of the writing gives one a sense of reading really-fine literature rather than simply a good novel and what is especially noteworthy or impressive is how the work captures a Period now vanished with a "feel-like-you're-there" immediacy. As such, it is a fluid and informal first-person narrative, just as accurate as Roth, but perhaps even more attractive. It covers first loves and partying Ivy-League style in a world few still remember when College life was a different world and the Fraternity House was a Gentleman's League. Something of a preamble to or cross between Madmen and The Social Network, somewhere between the Beats and the Hippies, a young man has to choose between the neat path laid out for him in New York City's corporate world and Madison Avenue or another road that will take him across Continents. The protagonist unexpectedly falls in love with Suzanne Fisher, a Freshman, just when he is on the verge of leaving College to find his own way in a rapidly-changing world. In the end, the reader is left to wonder whether it is Suzanne Fisher, a talented and ambitious pianist, or his own non-conformity that will send him on a different path through countries and halfway round the world.
This is Eisenman's original, ground-breaking work in which he criticizes the archaeology and paleography of Qumran as it had been developed by 'the specialists' up to that time and rather offers his own hypothesis-starting with the fact that it was impossible to consider that the Maccabees were the so-called "Wicked Priests" at Qumran, primarily because everything known about them agrees, for the most part, with the doctrines and positions emanating from the documents known at that time to emanate from the area known as "Qumran" along the Northwestern part of the Dead Sea and which, for that reason, we call "The Dead Sea Scrolls." In addition, he shows rather that the Establishment against whom the Qumran Scrolls were in an almost homogeneous manner directed was rather that of the Herodians and the Priests that owed both their appointment and authority to them and the Roman Governors that in due course either replaced or ruled either through or in conjunction with them. He also starts in this work to build his case for the fact that the individual came to be understood in Early Christian History as "James the Righteous" and called by everyone "James the Just"-that same individual known by everyone as as "James the Brother of Jesus"-had very much in common with "the Righteous Teacher" described and alluded to in many Dead Sea Scrolls documents. That is why this book, originally published in the early 1980s, was subtitled "A New Hypothesis of Qumran Origins." It was necessary to subject both the archaeology and paleography of Qumran-upon which the so-called "Establishment" or "Consensus of Qumran Scholars' had all based both their theories and chronology to thoroughgoing criticism. This he has done, as only someone who originally studied math and physics, could do, in a meticulously masterful fashion. No one has 'laid a glove' on his analysis since. At the same time and in parallel fashion, he starts to suggest that the 'opponent' of this individual in Early Christian History, Paul, had about the same amount of characteristics with the individual these same Qumran Documents are constantly referring to as "The Spouter of Lying," "the Liar" or "Man of Lying," or "the Scoffer" or Jester" (not someone to be taken seriously)-but, of course, this is not the same individual as "the Wicked Priest" whom prestigious Qumran 'scholars' on the highest level insist upon saddling him with because they saw "the Wicked Priest" and "the Lying Spouter" described in Qumran Documents as the same individual. Eisenman lays out here in very clear terms that the two individuals denoted as "the Wicked Priest" and "the Lying Spouter" were two distinct and absolutely separate persons-this again, despite what some 'scholars' attempt to foist on him in order to try to make him look ridiculous . No, on the contrary, in doing so, they only make themselves look ridiculous. Eisenman is very careful here - "the Spouter of Lying" is an internal opponent of "the Righteous Teacher" at Qumran. "He denied the Law in the midst of the whole Congregation"! "The Wicked Priest - certainly no 'Maccabean'/'Hasmonean' - was rather an Establishment and probably Herodian High Priest, meaning, appointed by the "Herodians" and their Roman Overlords.
Was James - rather than Peter - the true Spiritual heir to Jesus? In this profound and provocative work of scholarly detection, eminent biblical scholar Robert Eisenmann introduces a startling theory about the identity of James - the brother of Jesus, who was almost entirely marginalized in the New Testament. Drawing on suppressed early Church texts and the revelations in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Eisenmann propounds in this groundbreaking exploration that James, not Peter, was the real successor to the movement we now call 'Christianity.' In an argument with enormous implications, Eisenmann identifies Paul as deeply compromised by Roman contacts. James is presented as not simply a leader of Christianity of his day, but the popular Jewish leader of his time, whose death triggered the Uprising against Rome - a fact that creative rewriting of early Church documents has obscured.
In this follow-up to his blockbuster biblical studies, world-renowned scholar Eisenman not only gives a full examination of James' relationship to the Dead Sea Scrolls, he also reveals the true history of Palestine in the first century and the real "Jesus" of that time. It's a work of intriguing speculative history, complete with a conspiracy theory as compelling as any thriller.
Robert Eisenman's WAR TERRITORY NATION: Israel, the Arabs, and the Jewish People develops ideas conceived of while he was living in Israel's "Occupied Territories" after The Six-Day War for five years and in the U.S.A. thereafter after The Yom Kippur War. There are seven pieces in all, the last Cyprus: Aphrodite's Isle being rather an autobiographical story, but all overlap in the areas of History, Politics, Sociology, and Religion. Though each deals with somewhat different subject matter, all provide the same insights and understandings. Moreover, the reader will see that all are still absolutely valid today as almost nothing has changed, particularly the situation in the so-called "Occupied Territories," but also on Cyprus. Just as Theodore Herzl's Jewish State was conceived of as the solution to "The Jewish Question" and subtitled as such(unfortunately Hitler picked up the same language after that), so too "Why we Must Stop Being Jews and Become Hebrews Again" and "The Problem with Rabbinic Judaism" deal with the "Question" a hundred years later in the light of the new configuration of circumstances after the destruction of the mass of European Jewry and the Establishment of the State of Israel. However, just as Herzl was contemplating a physical transformation of the Jewish People, Eisenman is contemplating a Spiritual. "Arab Class Structure and the New Terrorism," "The Assassination of Feisal," and "The Nuclear Threat to Israel" deal with the ever-present Arab-Israeli Struggle and the Middle East generally. Cyprus: Aphrodite's Isle, while an autobiographical story as noted, portrays how the author was thrust into the midst of the struggle between the Greeks and the Turks there, but reflects the same general ethos and perception. The solutions being considered are radical but, with the memory of the Holocaust and the possible future destruction of the Jewish People in mind, it is hoped that such questions as the destruction of Israel, the Arab mindset, the relevance of Judaism to the Modern Jew, the future disappearance of Diaspora Jewry, and the use of nuclear weaponry in the Middle East in general are faced up to with honesty and fairly as in the end what is finally being contemplated is the future survival of the Jewish People and, with it, the associated survival of the State of Israel.
Suzanne Fisher continues the story of Triphammer Falls but now all the action is in Europe. It follows James Levin from the time he lands at Le Havre till a month later when he meets Suzanne at the Gare Saint-Lazare in Paris. Once in Paris, they take a room together on the Left Bank, but find there really wasn't much they could get done there nor achieve living as they were in a dollar-a-day hotel room in "The Latin Quarter." The book takes place completely in Europe at a time when it really was a "Bohemian Paradise" and there wasn't any place you really couldn't get a room for less than a Dollar a night. Suzanne is petrified of her father and that he will find out they are living together in Paris and, therefore, bring her home. Levin decides to solve the problem unilaterally, as it were, and goes, albeit unwillingly, not to Vienna - where he had always wanted to return - but to Alt Aussee in the Austrian Salzkammergut, which some people at a Cafe on the Left Bank, The Contrascarpe - known for its guitar-playing folk singers, French, English, Scottish, and American, near where Hemingway used to live - had recommended to him. From there, still unable to work effectively because of worrying about Suzanne alone in Paris, he goes to Vienna and several times back to Paris before finally going down to Hydra off the Coast of the Peloponnesos (since made famous by Leonard Cohen in his song So Long, Marianne) and the Greek Islands. It has also recently been discovered by the editors that Theodore Herzl, the acclaimed Zionist Thinker, used regularly to spend his summers at Alt Aussee. In Hydra, not only are Levin's adventures there described, but from there the last stages of his relationship with Suzanne Fisher are worked out before he finally returns to Paris one last time where the book reaches a climax.
For nearly two thousand years a man called Jesus Christ has dominated the religious landscape of the Western World. Now, with the discovery of a corpus of ancient manuscripts from the desert sands of the Middle East and a fresh look at the New Testament Gospels, a new understanding of his rightful place in history and that of his remarkable family has emerged. In his own words, Jesus tells us his was a ministry limited in time and place to those who could see him and hear him, a ministry of personal non-sacrificial mystic salvation meant only for those alive when he was, the salvation of others being the responsibility of others like him. In words of undeniable clarity, Jesus indicates he wasn't alone in coming here as Savior. His cousin, John "the Baptist," and his brother, James "the Just," are shown to be Masters of the Highest Order, predecessor and successor, respectively, to Jesus. Amazingly, possible evidence for two more brothers of like stature is revealed. Newly discovered ancient manuscripts recovered from caves on the Dead Sea at Qumran and from the desert sands at Nag Hammadi near the Nile River lend an authority and authenticity unrivaled by even the Bible itself in support of this new view of "Messianism." The heart and soul of Christianity itself comes up for a full and honest examination when the self-proclaimed thirteenth apostle of Christ--Paul--is conclusively shown, almost unbelievably, by Jesus himself to be the perpetrator of the greatest fraud in the history of mankind: the false doctrine of universal sacrificial atonement through the shed blood of Jesus Christ. All this is aided and abetted by a centuries-long history of scribal and ecclesiastical corruption, both intentional and unintentional. It is time now for the world community to acknowledge this demonstrable certainty and harmonize the religious history of the Middle East with that of the Far East.
Was James - rather than Peter - the true Spiritual heir to Jesus? In this profound and provocative work of scholarly detection, eminent biblical scholar Robert Eisenmann introduces a startling theory about the identity of James - the brother of Jesus, who was almost entirely marginalized in the New Testament. Drawing on suppressed early Church texts and the revelations in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Eisenmann propounds in this groundbreaking exploration that James, not Peter, was the real successor to the movement we now call 'Christianity.' In an argument with enormous implications, Eisenmann identifies Paul as deeply compromised by Roman contacts. James is presented as not simply a leader of Christianity of his day, but the popular Jewish leader of his time, whose death triggered the Uprising against Rome - a fact that creative rewriting of early Church documents has obscured.
This groundbreaking volume features revelatory material--available primarily for the first time. These 50 documents cast a startling light on events in Palestine at the dawn of Christianity, alluding not only to doctrines we now recognize as Christian, but also to the precursors of Islam and Jewish Kabbalism. Photos.
In a work of detection based on a lifetime of research, a co-author of The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered identifies the missing link between Judaism and early Christianity as James the Just, the brother of Jesus.
This book received The New Pinnacle Award The Gospel of Judas is the most important discovery in history. It bridges the gap between Eastern mystic teaching, Gnosticism, and the three Middle Eastern Abrahamic religions, informing all of them. Unfortunately, the Christianity-biased scholars assigned to its interpretation and those who have followed them do not understand it -- at all. They miss that Judas is the gnostic sacrifice, and that there is no traditional orthodox Jesus sacrificed - in the Gospel of Judas or in the Bible. Therefore, they miss the most important revelation of all time: that 'Jesus' didn't die to save anyone, and that he was in truth preceded and succeeded by other Masters of equal stature. Here from gnostic texts that only just recently arose from the desert sands of Egypt, phoenix-like, is the detailed story of how the New Testament canonical 'Betrayal of Jesus' became the inversion of the gnostic mastership installation story of James the Just, first-century savior. The true origin of the Christian message and its nullification of mystic Truth can now, at long last, be fully told. Connecting verses from the Gnostic Apocalypse of James to the New Testament narrative showing that Judas was James in the Canonical Inversions: First Apocalypse of James "I have given you a sign" (NHC 24:10) "gave them a sign" [the "kiss"] (Matt. 26:48). "Cup of bitterness to the sons of light" (25:15) "let this cup pass from me" (Matt. 26:39). "This is the second Master" (30:25) "Those who seek enter through you" (Second Apoc. 55:1) "I know whom I have chosen." (John 13:18). "Then the disciples dispersed, but James remained in prayer" (30:25) "he withdrew and prayed" (Luke 22:41). "I am he who was within me" (31:15) "I know whom I have chosen" and "I am he" (John 13:18-19). "You have embraced and kissed me" (32:5) "He said 'Hail Master!' and kissed him" (Matt. 26:49). "You are aware and stopped this prayer" (32:5) "Sit here while I pray" (Matt. 26:36). "The flesh is weak" (32:20) "the flesh is weak" (Matt. 26:41). "It will receive what has been ordained for it" (32:20) "thy will be done" (Matt. 26:42). "A multitude will arm themselves against you" (33:5) "band of soldiers with weapons" (John 18:3, Mark 14:43). Also by the author: The Bible says Saviors - Obadiah 1:21 from Xlibris Publishers
Robert Eisenman's classic work, Islamic Law in Palestine and Israel: A History of the Survival of Tanzimat and Sharia, examines how Islamic law, such as Shari law, survived in Palestine and Israel in a pure form perhaps longer than in any other Ottoman successor state. It did this for a variety of reasons, chief among which are the innate conservatism of the British and the inability of the Israelis, particularly in the country's early days, to do much about it. Besides Lebanon and Gaza, only in Israel did those three great monuments of Islamic and Ottoman modernism: the Ottoman Law of Family Rights, the Ottoman Land Code, and the Mecelle-i Akham-i Adliye, survive simultaneously. Author, Robert Eisenman, traces this continuity from Ottoman times in terms understandable to both specialists, lawyers, and laypersons. The anomaly of Islamic laws', such as Sharia law, survival against the backdrop of British legal concepts and renascent Jewish nationalism is delineated completely. Detailed attention is also given to the effect, or non-effect, of such Israeli reforms in Women's Equal Rights Law on the Muslim community and on Islamic law, as well as to the creation of Israeli hybrid laws, such as the Land Law of 1969, and a new Israeli modernism. The situation in Israel today remains more or less the same. In some areas beyond the 1967 Green Lines, where Israeli Law has been applied, it is as described in this book. In others, which have not been annexed or where it has not, Jordanian Law for the most part still obtains.
Scientists often look askance at their colleagues whose research appears too strongly focused on a single gene or gene product. We are supposed to be interested in the “big picture” and excessive zeal in pursuit of a single pixel might seem to border on an obsession that is likely to yield only details. However as this volume of Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology demonstrates, this is certainly not the case for myc. Intense study of this en- matic proto-oncogene over the last twenty years has only broadened our view of its functions and led to insights into mechanisms relating to transcriptional regulation as well as to cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and organismal development. The myc gene originally came to light as a retroviral oncogene (v-myc) associated with a wide range of acute neoplasms. It was later shown to be a virally transduced cellular gene (c-myc) which is a member of family of on- genes (c-myc,N-myc,L-myc). These family members are themselves subject to a bewildering assortment of genetic rearrangements associated with many different types of tumors derived from many different types of cells. These rearrangements (including chromosomal translocation, viral integration, and gene ampli?cation) act to uncouple expression of the myc family genes from their normal physiological regulators. The chapter by LIU and LEVENS - scribes the key pathways leading to regulation of myc expression, showing that such regulation occurs at several different levels and through multiple mechanisms.
This book is both a personal and a philosophical autobiography of Robert S. Hartman, the creator of formal axiology. After experiencing first-hand the horrible effects of World War I and the beginnings of Nazism in Germany, Hartman wondered what could be done to organize goodness instead of badness - for a change. First, the concept of good must be defined. Next, different kinds of goodness, like intrinsic, extrinsic, and systemic, must be differentiated. Then this understanding must be used to comprehend and to change the world, including its economic, political, military, religious, educational, intellectual, and psychological dimensions. By telling his own story, Hartman gives his readers a glimpse of the form of the good and of a much better world.
Sixty years ago, James Levin, a liberated Jew from the New Jersey Suburbs, met up by accident at a Fraternity Party with Suzanne Fisher, a Jewish girl from Brooklyn whom, generally, he would have looked down upon. A junior, he had just transferred his interests in Einstein and nuclear physics to Nietzsche, Joyce, and classical music while she-a totally unknown Freshman-was just being rushed by several Jewish Sororities (they had such things in those days-Fraternities too-even in his father's who had also belonged to one). A Jewish girl from Brooklyn? That was unheard of. Impossible. He could not be seen dead with such a girl-especially by his brother finishing up his ROTC service in Korea. But this one was different. This one could play the piano and, when she played, her fingers moved over the keyboard as if in a dream. This one had transferred from Erasmus H.S. in Brooklyn to The New York School of Performing Arts and could play Chopin by heart as if she owned him, caressed him, loved him-and she had been in Paris! This one he could not resist.Why could she play Chopin as if inhabiting his soul? Because of her father, a refugee from Vienna and in Brooklyn nothing more than a lowly numbers-collector-though her mother's father had built some early pushcart activity in this same Brooklyn to a Seat on the New York Stock Exchange. Her father, who had lost a sister whom he obviously adored to the Nazis during the War, spared no mercy in beating his only daughter into her replica. Both presumably could play Chopin and, yes, her father beat her-beat her to the point that she was petrified of him.This was the girl, James Levin suddenly encountered in the middle of his Junior Year at Cornell. Something of a change from Eisenman's usual genre, a novel-fiction instead of discourse, which the public might find even more attractive as he was probably a better writer then before he went academic. Therefore, though some 55 years old, nothing has been changed in the manuscript-so well did it read in the original-except some punctuation and sentence structure. Because Triphammer Falls was written shortly after the pivotal Time Period being portrayed (in the late 50's), it offers a veritable time capsule of a Period people still find and realize to be fascinating. A real change of pace for him, it was in fact written before people like Thomas Pynchon-who preceded him at Cornell but quit to join the Navy-wrote V and Philip Roth-who was writing about the people he knew personally in South Orange, NJ (especially the girl with the "nose job," who went around with a diaphragm in her purse and whose brother went on to play basketball at Ohio State)-wrote many of his works. Not only is it extremely well-written but the authenticity of the writing gives one a sense of reading really-fine literature rather than simply a good novel and what is especially noteworthy or impressive is how the work captures a Period now vanished with a "feel-like-you're-there" immediacy. As such, it is a fluid and informal first-person narrative, just as accurate as Roth, but perhaps even more attractive.It covers first loves and partying Ivy-League style in a world few still remember when College life was a different world and the Fraternity House was a Gentleman's League. Something of a preamble to or cross between Madmen and The Social Network, somewhere between the Beats and the Hippies, a young man has to choose between the neat path laid out for him in New York City's corporate world and Madison Avenue or another road that will take him across Continents.
Presents parts of the Dead Sea Scrolls, previously withheld from the public due to their controversial nature. The work contains documents relating to early Christianity, the fall of the Temple in Jerusalem, and the history of the zealots, with interpretations alongside the Hebrew transliterations.
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