The twelfth century in Europe, hailed by historians as a time of intellectual and spiritual vitality, had a dark side. As Robert Chazan points out, the marginalization of minorities emerged during the "twelfth-century renaissance" as part of a growing pattern of persecution, and among those stigmatized the Jews figured prominently. The migration of Jews to northern Europe in the late tenth century led to the development of a new set of Jewish communities. This northern Jewry prospered, only to decline sharply two centuries later. Chazan locates the cause of the decline primarily in the creation of new, negative images of Jews. He shows how these damaging twelfth-century stereotypes developed and goes on to chart the powerful, lasting role of the new anti-Jewish imagery in the historical development of antisemitism. This coupling of the twelfth century's notable intellectual bequests to the growth of Western civilization with its legacy of virulent anti-Jewish motifs offers an important new key to understanding modern antisemitism.
This book re-evaluates the prevailing notion that Jews in medieval Christian Europe lived under an appalling regime of ecclesiastical limitation, governmental exploitation and expropriation, and unceasing popular violence. Robert Chazan argues that, while Jewish life in medieval Western Christendom was indeed beset with grave difficulties, it was nevertheless an environment rich in opportunities; the Jews of medieval Europe overcame obstacles, grew in number, explored innovative economic options, and fashioned enduring new forms of Jewish living. His research also provides a reconsideration of the legacy of medieval Jewish life, which is often depicted as equally destructive and projected as the underpinning of the twentieth-century catastrophes of antisemitism and the Holocaust. Dr Chazan's research proves that, although Jewish life in the medieval West laid the foundation for much Jewish suffering in the post-medieval world, it also stimulated considerable Jewish ingenuity, which lies at the root of impressive Jewish successes in the modern West.
The tenth to the thirteenth centuries in Europe saw the appearanceof popular heresy and the establishment of the Inquisition, theexpropriation and mass murder of Jews, and the propagation ofelaborate measures to segregate lepers from the healthy and curtailtheir civil rights. These were traditionally seen as distinct andseparate developments, and explained in terms of the problems whichtheir victims presented to medieval society. In this stimulatingbook, first published in 1987 and now widely regarded as a aclassic in medieval history, R. I. Moore argues that thecoincidences in the treatment of these and other minority groupscannot be explained independently, and that all are part of apattern of persecution which now appeared for the first time tomake Europe become, as it has remained, a persecutingsociety. In this new edition, R. I. Moore updates and extends his originalargument with a new, final chapter, "A Persecuting Society". Hereand in a new preface and critical bibliography, he considers theimpact of a generation's research and refines his conception of the"persecuting society" accordingly, addressing criticisms of thefirst edition.
For application of the most current Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, there is but one standard: Maxwell's Handbook for AACR2. This practical and authoritative cataloging how-to, now in its Fourth Edition, has been completely revised inclusive of the 2003 update to AACR2. Designed to interpret and explain AACR2,Maxwell illustrates and applies the latest cataloging rules to the MARC record for every type of information format. Focusing on the concept of integrating resources, where relevant information may be available in different formats, the revised edition also addresses the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) and the cataloging needs of electronic books and digital reproductions of physical items such as booksand maps. From books and pamphlets to sound recordings, music, manuscripts, maps,and more, this is the most comprehensive and straightforward guide to interpreting and applying standard cataloging rules. Learn: How and when to apply the rules What has changed in MARC21 coding How the rules help organize descriptive and bibliographic information What are uniform titles for unusual formats or materials How to select access points Extensive updates have resulted in all-new chapters covering cartographic materials, electronic resources, and continuing resources (formerly called serials). Illustrated with over 490 figures, showing actual MARC catalog records, this is the must-have AACR2 guide for catalogers, LIS students, and cataloging instructors.
THE TIME IS AT HAND The Book of Revelation was written in 66 A.D. to reveal that the time had come for the fulfillment of Christ's prophecies regarding those who condemned Him to death. The destruction of Jerusalem, which He had foretold, was delayed 36 years while He called out an elect remnant of 144,000 Hebrews to give the gospel to other nations. The great tribulation occurred 66-70 A.D. There will be no other comparable to it. The falling away of the churches began in the Fourth Century, and culminated 500 years later with that man of sin setting himself up in Rome like a god on the earth. The first beast of Revelation 13 was the Roman Empire, the second was religious Rome. The Antichrist came in the Seventh Century, not "against Christ," but as the one who took His place, as in "anti-climax." Muhammad's influence has been a thousand times greater than all other antichrists put together: past, present and future. There is no mention of the restoration of Israel as a nation in the New Testament, so present-day Israel has no prophetic significance. Christ will return when He has planted a witness ________________________________________ 1944-Student Body President, University of Virginia Undefeated Inter-Collegiate Boxing Champion 1945-1948-Field Evangelist, Youth for Christ International University Evangelist, InterVarsity Christian Fellowship 1948-1951-Missionary Evangelist in China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Philippines and India 1953-1970-Founder, first President, Chairman: International Students, Inc. 1953-2008-Founder, first President, Chairman: Overseas Students Mission Founder, first President, Chairman: Christian Aid Mission ROBERT FINLEY
Synthesis of Carbon-Phosphorus Bonds, Second Edition is a working guide for the laboratory, incorporating classical approaches with the recent developments of carbon-phosphorus (C-P) bond formation. These advances include the preparation of phosphoranes - specifically in the use of transient oxophosphoranes as intermediates in organophosphorus comp
Into a complacent generation God placed Dawson Trotman. Full of contagious zeal, drive, and creativity, Trotman helped awaken those around him and exhorted Christians to single-mindedly obey God. Thousands responded to his challenge of fruitful discipleship. Now his challenge goes to you. The Navigator will motivate you to joyfully obey God more. It will invite you to share in Trotman’s “bifocal vision”: a consuming passion for the salvation of the world and also for the spiritual nurturing of one individual. He once said, “If you care for one, God can give you a burden for the world.” Through the worldwide Christian organization he founded, The Navigators, Trotman helped bring back some forgotten biblical truths: the importance of personal follow-up, one-on-one training, and the multiplication of disciples. Author Robert D. Foster, a longtime Navigator associate, combines his own personal recollections, interviews with those who knew Trotman, and Trotman’s conference messages to portray a man who was unconventional and fun-loving—a strong disciplinarian with a compassionate heart. Let The Navigator help you find what God wants for your life, and then help you wholeheartedly do it!
Although closely focused on the remarkable Hebrew First-Crusade narratives, Robert Chazan's new interpretation of these texts is anything but narrow, as his title, God, Humanity, and History, strongly suggests. The three surviving Hebrew accounts of the crusaders' devastating assaults on Rhineland Jewish communities during the spring of 1096 have been examined at length, but only now can we appreciate the extent to which they represent their turbulent times. After a close analysis of the texts themselves, Chazan addresses the objectives of the three narratives. He compares these accounts with earlier Jewish history writing and with contemporary crusade historiography. It is in their disjuncture with past forms of Jewish historical narration and their amazing parallels with Latin crusade narratives that the Hebrew narratives are most revealing. We see how they reflect the embeddedness of early Ashkenazic Jewry in the vibrant atmosphere of late-eleventh- and early-twelfth-century northern Europe.
Containing 2,500 entries, this Dictionary includes entries that cover ancient, medieval, and modern antisemitism; pagan, Christian, and Muslim antisemitism; religious, economic, psychosocial, racial, cultural, and political antisemitism. A comprehensive scholarly introduction discusses the definitions, causes, and varieties of antisemitism.
A comprehensive history of roads and road-building in Ontario. In this beautifully illustrated book, virtually every facet of the road building industry in Ontario is discussed, from labour relations to safety, politics, and financing. Follow the history of road-building technology from the first crude trails hacked through dense forests by homesteaders to the corduroy roads, planks roads, stone roads, macadam pavements, hot mix asphalt pavements, and concrete roads. See how the engineering and construction of bridges has progressed from the first jack pine logs placed across a stream to the complex structures that span international waters and thousands of rivers today. Follow the development of construction equipment from the first steam shovels and cable-operated machines of the late 1800s to diesel-powered machines in the 1940s and later hydraulics. Meet the companies that made the equipment and the people who sold and rented it. From the 1930s forward the early story of roads is told largely by the people who lived and made the history. Over 120 contractors, engineers, government officials, and others were interviewed and the last eighty years of the industry’s history unfolds in the way they remember it. Share their memories and stories, some hilarious and some tragic, as they talk about their projects, their businesses, their successes, and their hardships.
A leading historian argues that historically Jews were more often voluntary migrants than involuntary refugees For millennia, Jews and non-Jews alike have viewed forced population movement as a core aspect of the Jewish experience. This involuntary Jewish wandering has been explained by pre-modern Jews and Christians as divine punishment, by some modern non-Jews as the result of Jewish harmfulness, by some modern Jews as fostered by Christian anti-Jewish imagery, and by other modern Jews as caused by misguided Jewish acceptance of minority status. In this absorbing book, Robert Chazan explores these various perspectives and argues that pre-modern Jewish population movement was in most cases voluntary, the result of a sense among Jews that there were alternatives available for making a better life elsewhere.
Signals in the Noise: An Exploration of Consciousness and Reality. How Current Research is Challenging Materialist Science "The Signals in the Noise," groundbreaking theories about consciousness are meticulously explored, presenting an avant-garde perspective that stands to challenge our traditional, materialist viewpoints. The author leads us on an intellectual journey, questioning established materialist scientific norms and bringing forward evidence that defies materialist theories of consciousness. The book emphasizes that consciousness persists and can even be enhanced when brain activity decreases, supported by numerous research studies involving psychedelics, near-death experiences, and other instances when brain functions are diminished. This new understanding suggests that consciousness transcends the physical confines of our biological makeup, challenging conventional notions about its origin and nature. Furthermore, the book introduces a transformative perspective on the universe, proposing that what we perceive as material is merely a function of our sensory systems. Based on the author's review of current theories of the composition of the cosmos, we now know everything that exists is composed of energy, with physicality representing deeper qualities that lie out of our reach. Drawing on proven quantum physics, the author presents the theory that the universe's interconnectedness is a product of coherent quantum fields from which everything emerges and takes on the character of separateness and materiality in the 4D or manifest level we experience. In a radical departure from mainstream materialist thought, "The Signals in the Noise" argues that consciousness is a universal phenomenon occurring in varying degrees of complexity across all organisms. The author posits that while the presence of proto-consciousness is universal, the consciousness we experience emerges in the fourth-dimensional or manifest level, an idea that, if widely accepted, can redefine our understanding of life and existence. Finally, the author criticizes the materialist worldview, stating that this ingrained belief system creates many societal, political, religious, and environmental problems. He argues that our obstinate adherence to materialist orthodoxy drives our trajectory toward planetary destruction. Catalyzed by our capitalist system of consumption, this materialist belief system hinders our ability to recognize and correct the adverse effects of our actions. "The Signals in the Noise" is a compelling critique of the materialist worldview, challenging our understanding of consciousness, existence, and our place in the universe. It underscores the urgency to redefine our perspectives to avert the catastrophic trajectory that our current beliefs are driving us toward. This book is a radical and thought-provoking read for anyone interested in consciousness, quantum physics, and the future of our planet.
This 2005 book discusses the legitimacy of the international criminal law regime. It explains the development of the system of international criminal law enforcement in historical context, from antiquity through the Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials, to modern-day prosecutions of atrocities in the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone. The modern regime of prosecution of international crimes is evaluated with regard to international relations theory. The book then subjects that regime to critique on the basis of legitimacy and the rule of law, in particular selective enforcement, not only in relation to who is prosecuted, but also the definitions of crimes and principles of liability used when people are prosecuted. It concludes that although selective enforcement is not as powerful as a critique of international criminal law as it was previously, the creation of the International Criminal Court may also have narrowed the substantive rules of international criminal law.
The Haskins Society, named after the celebrated American medievalist Charles Homer Haskins, was founded in 1982 to provide a forum for the discussion and study of English and related continental history in the middle ages.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
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