This book provides a collection of experiments to introduce lasers into the undergraduate curricula in Chemistry and Physics. A variety of experiments are included with different levels of complexity. All have background information, experimental details and the theoretical background necessary to interpret the results.
Project management has become a widespread instrument enabling organizations to efficiently master the challenges of steadily shortening product life cycles, global markets and decreasing profit margins. With projects increasing in size and complexity, their planning and control represents one of the most crucial management tasks. This is especially true for scheduling, which is concerned with establishing execution dates for the sub-activities to be performed in order to complete the project. The ability to manage projects where resources must be allocated between concurrent projects or even sub-activities of a single project requires the use of commercial project management software packages. However, the results yielded by the solution procedures included are often rather unsatisfactory. Scheduling of Resource-Constrained Projects develops more efficient procedures, which can easily be integrated into software packages by incorporated programming languages, and thus should be of great interest for practitioners as well as scientists working in the field of project management. The book is divided into two parts. In Part I, the project management process is described and the management tasks to be accomplished during project planning and control are discussed. This allows for identifying the major scheduling problems arising in the planning process, among which the resource-constrained project scheduling problem is the most important. Part II deals with efficient computer-based procedures for the resource-constrained project scheduling problem and its generalized version. Since both problems are NP-hard, the development of such procedures which yield satisfactory solutions in a reasonable amount of computation time is very challenging, and a number of new and very promising approaches are introduced. This includes heuristic procedures based on priority rules and tabu search as well as lower bound methods and branch and bound procedures which can be applied for computing optimal solutions.
Outlines the theory behind, and techniques for, using dynamic modeling, taking the reader through a series of increasingly complex models. At each step, examples are used to claify applications of different equation models.
Examining the fundamental differences between design and analysis, Robert Benaim explores the close relationship between aesthetic and technical creativity and the importance of the intuitive, more imaginative qualities of design that every designer should employ when designing a structure. Aiding designers of concrete bridges in developing an intu
Does the European Union really matter to British policy? For some it is a leading light, for others an irrelevancy. Given the uneven and evolving nature of EU policy, how can we evaluate its overall impact? This book is the first to combine a clear and detailed introduction to the new science of complexity and its application to social policy, Europeanisation, globalisation and the EU-UK relationship. It includes a detailed review of four key policy areas: employment, labour, gender and monetary relations. "Integrating UK and European Social Policy" provides groundbreaking reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students of politics, history, international relations, economics, social policy and applied social science. It is also useful for academics with an interest in European social policy, and policy makers and shapers, including government and non-government organisations.
Concerns about the position and function of nation-states in the international arena have led to a growing interest in the role of cities in international relations. This timely book advances the argument that cities are becoming active and informal actors in international law-making, indicating the emergence of a ‘third generation’ of multi-level governance.
This book summarizes research about sciatica for clinicians such as chiropractors, physical therapists, primary care providers, osteopaths, and physiatrists. Well-informed patients will also benefit from reading this book. This book uses thousands of references, hundreds of images, original illustrations, and case studies to review mechanisms of pain, examination techniques, and treatment of sciatica. While the focus is on non-pharmaceutical and minimally invasive treatments, this book also reviews the indications for more invasive procedures. Each chapter also includes a historical review dating back decades or centuries, which puts the newer treatments in perspective.In this book you will learn: What is sciatica and does it always relate to the spine? What common features occur in most cases of sciatica? Has our concept of what causes sciatica changed over time? What does it mean when symptoms are above the knee or below the knee? Can imaging help determine if disc lesions are causing symptoms? Does sciatica mean you are just getting old? What mechanisms allow disc herniations to heal? What percentage of cases of sciatica typically require surgery? What are the most effective non-pharmaceutical treatments for sciatica? What vitamins and natural substances are beneficial for sciatica?
The European Union (EU) has emerged as a key actor in the global investment regime since the 1980s. At the same time, international investment policy and agreements, which govern international investment liberalisation, treatment and protection through investor-to-state dispute settlement, have become increasingly contentious in the European public debate. This book provides an accessible introduction to international investment policy and seeks to explain how the EU became an actor in the global investment regime. It offers a detailed analysis of the EU’s participation in all major trade and investment negotiations since the 1980s and EU-internal competence debates to identify the causes behind the EU’s growing role in this policy domain. Building on principal-agent and historical institutionalist models of incremental institutional change, the book shows that Commission entrepreneurship was instrumental in the emergence of the EU as a key actor in the global investment regime. It refutes business-centred liberal intergovernmental explanations, which suggest that business lobbying made the Member States accept the EU’s growing role and competence in this domain. The book lends support to supranational and challenges intergovernmental thinking on European Integration. This text will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners of European and regional integration, EU foreign relations, EU trade and international investment law, business lobbying, and more broadly of international political economy.
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