Between the San Francisco earthquake in 1906 and the Great Depression in 1929 the San Francisco Superior Court committed more than 12,000 city residents to the insane asylums of California. Who were these people? What brought them to the attention of the court, and what behavior did the medical examiners cite as evidence of insanity? What do these commitments reveal about the social and cultural meaning of insanity and other forms of deviant behavior in industrial California--and by extension in the rest of urban America in the early twentieth century? This book--the fist historical study of insanity to analyze thousands of court commitment records--provides an original look at the social, institutional, and professional web in which deviant individuals were officially judged "so far disordered in mind" that they were "dangerous to be at large." A full two-thirds of all those committed were, to judge by the court records, "odd," "peculiar," or simply "immoral" individuals who displayed no symptoms indicating severe disability, or violent or destructive tendencies. However surprising this fact may seem, it is not at all unexpected in view of the expressed function of insane asylums in the late nineteenth century. As early as the 1850's, and continuing into the twentieth century, asylum superintendents bewailed the role state law required them to play: that of managers of enormous warehouses for "drunkards, simpletons, fools," "the aged, the vagabond, the helpless." Local communities made liberal use of state asylums, where at no cost to themselves, potentially troublesome citizens could be detained. Only after World War I did local "mental hygiene" clinics and urban psychopathic wards begin to spring up. The rise of new institutions (clinics and wards) and new professions (psychiatry and psychiatric social work) in cities like San Francisco by the 1920's marked a decisive turning point. No longer was social policy uniformly based upon the need to place disturbed or disturbing individuals in massive state asylums. Today we are feeling the full effect of the change in policy that began in the 1920's. California has led the nation in the effort to shut down hospitals and replace them with community mental health centers. This study makes a start at examining the early, transitional years during which the new policy first emerged in the dreams of psychiatric reformers. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1978.
Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, edited by Drs. Polin, Fox, and Abman, focuses on physiologic developments of the fetus and newborn and their impact on the clinical practice of neonatology. A must for practice, this 4th edition brings you the latest information on genetic therapy, intrauterine infections, brain protection and neuroimaging, and much more. You'll also have easy access to the complete contents and illustrations online at expertconsult.com. Gain a comprehensive, state-of-the-art understanding of normal and abnormal physiology, and its relationship to disease in the fetus and newborn premature infant, from Dr. Richard Polin and other acknowledged worldwide leaders in the field. Understand the implications of fetal and neonatal physiology through chapters devoted to clinical correlation. Apply the latest insights on genetic therapy, intrauterine infections, brain protection and neuroimaging, and much more. Effectively manage the consequences of intrauterine infections with three new chapters covering intrauterine infection and preterm birth, intrauterine infection and brain injury, and intrauterine infection and chronic lung disease. Access the complete contents and illustrations online at expertconsult.com - fully searchable! Get the latest developments and a full understanding of the distinct physiology of the fetus and newborn so you can treat and manage sick newborns and preemies.
In lively and accessible style, the authors tell how Darwin came to his world-changing conclusions and how he kept his thoughts secret for twenty years. Hailed as the definitive biography, this book explains Darwin's paradox and offers a window on Victorian science, theology, and mores. Contains a wealth of new information and 90 photographs.
Dr. Rhoda concisely presents the wide range of analytical methods available to urban and regional development planners. Focusing on the needs of the practitioner, in each chapter he concentrates on a particular analytical issue, describing several types of relevant analyses and offering guidelines for selecting appropriate techniques to solve speci
What sets Numerical Methods and Analysis with Mathematical Modelling apart are the modelling aspects utilizing numerical analysis (methods) to obtain solutions. The authors cover first the basic numerical analysis methods with simple examples to illustrate the techniques and discuss possible errors. The modelling prospective reveals the practical relevance of the numerical methods in context to real-world problems. At the core of this text are the real-world modelling projects. Chapters are introduced and techniques are discussed with common examples. A modelling scenario is introduced that will be solved with these techniques later in the chapter. Often, the modelling problems require more than one previously covered technique presented in the book. Fundamental exercises to practice the techniques are included. Multiple modelling scenarios per numerical methods illustrate the applications of the techniques introduced. Each chapter has several modelling examples that are solved by the methods described within the chapter. The use of technology is instrumental in numerical analysis and numerical methods. In this text, Maple, Excel, R, and Python are illustrated. The goal is not to teach technology but to illustrate its power and limitations to perform algorithms and reach conclusions. This book fulfills a need in the education of all students who plan to use technology to solve problems whether using physical models or true creative mathematical modeling, like discrete dynamical systems.
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