Ever since the Custer massacres on June 25, 1876, the question has been asked: What happened - what REALLY happened - at the Battle of the Little Bighorn? We know some of the answers, because half of George Armstrong Custer’s Seventh Cavalry - the men with Major Marcus Reno and Captain Frederick Benteen - survived the fight, but what of the half that did not, the troopers, civilians, scouts, and journalist who were with Custer? Now, because a grass fire in August 1983 cleared the terrain of brush and grass and made possible thorough archaeological examinations of the battlefield in 1984 and 1985, we have many answers to important questions. On the basis of the archaeological evidence presented in this book, we know more about what kinds of weapons were used against the cavalry. We know exactly where many of the men fought, how they died, and what happened to their bodies at the time of or after death. We know how the troopers were deployed, what kind of clothing they wore, what kind of equipment they had, how they fought. Through the techniques of historical archaeology and forensic anthropology, the remains and grave of one of Custer’s scouts, Mitch Boyer, have been identified. And through geomorphology and the process of elimination, we know with almost 100 percent certainty where the twenty-eight missing men who supposedly were buried en masse in Deep Ravine will be found.
Current trends in stormwater management add pollution control to existing priorities of flood protection and peakflow limits. From a fundamental overview of supporting information on water quality, statistics and hydrology to detailed sections devoted to treatment and management practices, this book examines the latest treatment practices and techniques for improving stormwater quality to protect against stream, river and estuary degradation.
The 20th century's automobile-inspired land use changes brought about tremendous transformations in how stormwater moves across the modern urban land-scape. Streets and parking areas in the average urban family's neighborhood now exceed the amount of land devoted to living space. Add parking, office and commercial space, and it's easy to understand how modern cities have experienced a three-fold increase in impervious areas. Traditional wet weather collection systems removed stormwater from urban areas as quickly as possible, often transferring problems downstream. Innovative Urban WetWeather Flow Management Systems does two things: It considers the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of urban runoff; then describes innovative methods for improving wet weather flow (WWF) management systems. The result of extensive research, Innovative Urban Wet-Weather Flow Manage-ment Systems looks most at how to handle runoff in developments of the 21st century: the confl icting objectives of providing drainage while decreasing stormwater pollutant discharges; the impact of urban WWF on surface and groundwater, such as smaller urban stream channels scoured by high peak flows; sediment transport and the toxic effects of WWF on aquatic organisms; the effectiveness of WWF controls-including design guidelines and source and downstream controls-are an important issue. Innovative Urban Wet-Weather Flow Management Systems looks at how source controls like biofi ltration, created through simple grading, may work in newly developing areas, while critical source areas like an auto service facilities, may need more extensive treatment strategies. Focusing WWF treatment on intensively used areas, such as the 20 percent of streets that handle the bulk of the traffic, and under utilized parking areas is also considered. Developing a more integrated water supply system-collecting, treating, and disposing of wastewater, and handling urban WWF-requires innovative methods, such as a neighborhood-scale system that would recycle treated wastewater and storm water for lawn watering and toilet flushing, or use treated roof runoff for potable purposes.
Ever since the Custer massacres on June 25, 1876, the question has been asked: What happened - what REALLY happened - at the Battle of the Little Bighorn? We know some of the answers, because half of George Armstrong Custer’s Seventh Cavalry - the men with Major Marcus Reno and Captain Frederick Benteen - survived the fight, but what of the half that did not, the troopers, civilians, scouts, and journalist who were with Custer? Now, because a grass fire in August 1983 cleared the terrain of brush and grass and made possible thorough archaeological examinations of the battlefield in 1984 and 1985, we have many answers to important questions. On the basis of the archaeological evidence presented in this book, we know more about what kinds of weapons were used against the cavalry. We know exactly where many of the men fought, how they died, and what happened to their bodies at the time of or after death. We know how the troopers were deployed, what kind of clothing they wore, what kind of equipment they had, how they fought. Through the techniques of historical archaeology and forensic anthropology, the remains and grave of one of Custer’s scouts, Mitch Boyer, have been identified. And through geomorphology and the process of elimination, we know with almost 100 percent certainty where the twenty-eight missing men who supposedly were buried en masse in Deep Ravine will be found.
Throughout late-1943 into early-1944, an epic struggle raged over the skies of Germany between RAF Bomber Command and the Luftwaffe. This campaign had been undertaken by the Commander-in-Chief Bomber Command, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Harris, and was baptized 'The Battle of Berlin'. The Berlin campaign was a hard, desperate slog. Struggling against dreadful and bitter winter weather, Bomber Command 'went' to Berlin a total of sixteen times, suffering increasingly severe losses throughout the winter of 1943/44 in the face of a revitalized German air-defence. The campaign remains controversial and the jury, even today, is ultimately undecided as to what it realistically achieved. Illustrated throughout with full-colour artwork depicting the enormous scale of the campaign, this is the story of the RAF's much debated attempt to win the war through bombing alone.
The River Thames is an often undiscovered haven of stunning scenery, wonderful wildlife and brilliant natural beauty. As well as the famous stretches passing through our biggest cities and towns, there is a hidden side to the river - wild and natural, but surprisingly accessible. This guidebook, compiled by the two major Thames charities, contains a wealth of information on over 150 of the best places to explore the real Thames wilderness, along with enjoyable walks and activities along its course. Organised geographically, the book gives information on the history and character of each stretch of the river and the featured sites within it, travelling from source to sea. Illustrated with maps and photos, the text highlights which plants and wildlife to watch out for, activities you can do, how to get there and nearby moorings, cycle paths and car parks. Each section features a circular walk, tying together several of the sites and accompanied by an enchanting hand-drawn map. An essential source of ideas for days out and handy for on the go, Exploring the Thames Wilderness opens up the beauty of the Thames to everyone.
The practical, comprehensive handbook for creating effective architectural drawings In one beautifully illustrated volume, The Professional Practice of Architectural Working Drawings, Fourth Edition presents the complete range of skills, concepts, principles, and applications that are needed to create a full set of architectural working drawings. Chapters proceed logically through each stage of development, beginning with site and floor plans and progressing to building sections, elevations, and additional drawings. Inside, you'll find: Coverage of the latest BIM technologies Environmental and human design considerations Supplemental step-by-step instructions for complex chapters Five case studies, including two that are new to this edition Hundreds of computer-generated drawings and photographs, including BIM models, three-dimensional models, and full-size buildings shown in virtual space Checklists similar to those used in architectural offices Tips and strategies for complete development of construction documents, from schematic design to construction administration With an emphasis on sustainability throughout, this new edition of The Professional Practice of Architectural Working Drawings is an invaluable book for students in architecture, construction, engineering, interior design, and environmental design programs, as well as professionals in these fields.
Animals, plants and soils interact with one another, with the terrestrial spheres, and with the rest of the Cosmos. On land, this rich interaction creates landscape systems or geoecosystems. Geoecology investigates the structure and function of geoecosystems, their components and their environment. The author develops a simple dynamic systems model, the `brash' equation, to form the conceptual framework for the book suggesting an `ecological' and `evolutionary' approach. Exploring internal of `ecological' interactions between geoecosystems and their near-surface environments - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, toposhere, and lithosphere - and external influences, both geological and cosmic, Geoecology presents geoecosystems as dynamic entities constantly responding to changes within themselves and their surroundings. An `evolutionary' view emerges of geoecological systems, and the animals, plants, and soils comprising them, providing a new way of thinking for the whole environmental complex and the rich web of interdependencies contained therein.
The detailed, highly illustrated, comprehensive guide to architectural working drawings The Professional Practice of Architectural Working Drawings is a complete guide to the skills you need to create a set of drawings that clearly and effectively communicate your design. Covering everything from site, floor, framing, and foundation plans to building sections and elevations, this book presents crucial concepts and real-world techniques architects rely on every day. You'll learn the standards, customs, regulations, and symbols, alongside computer-generated drawings, 3D modeling, Building Information Modeling, and other architectural technology. This new fifth edition includes updated information on sustainability concepts, layering systems in line with AIA standards, deeper explorations of dimensioning, more sample ADA drawings, and a new selection of case studies that offer a real-world glimpse into how these topics relate to the architect's everyday work. Hundreds of drawings demonstrate important skills and concepts, and online ancillary materials offer a robust set of resources to students and instructors. Architectural drawings must be precise, accurate, and complete; they must follow certain standards that make them universally understood in the proper context. This book teaches you how to produce professional-level drawings that leave no room for questions or confusion. Create architectural drawings that effectively communicate your design Learn techniques used in both residential and light commercial projects Investigate BIM, 3D modeling, and other architectural technologies Understand dimensioning, sustainability, ADA standards, and more Architects use drawings as a second language, to effectively communicate ideas to clients, contractors, builders, and other design professionals throughout all stages of the project. The Professional Practice of Architectural Working Drawings teaches you how to become fluent in the visual language of architecture, to communicate more effectively with all project stakeholders.
I enjoyed reading this volume. It is rare to see such a comprehensive report on hard data published these days, especially one so insightfully contextualised by the editors' introductory and concluding chapters. These scholars and the others involved in the work really know their stuff, and it shows. The editors connect the preoccupations of Pacific archaeologists with those of their colleagues working in other island regions and on "big questions" of colonisation, migration, interaction and patterns and processes of cultural change in hitherto-uninhabited environments. These sorts of outward-looking, big-picture contextual studies are invaluable, but all too often are missing from locally- and regionally-oriented writing, very much to its detriment. In sum, the work strongly advances our understanding of the early prehistory of Fiji through its well-integrated combination of original research and the reinterpretation of existing knowledge in the context of wider theoretical and historical concerns. In doing so The Early Prehistory of Fiji makes a truly substantial contribution to Pacific and archaeological scholarship. Professor Ian Lilley, The University of Queensland
This is the definitive history of thoroughbred racing's three premier events, which have never before been explored in such detail. This book gives the history of America's classic races from the inaugural Belmont Stakes in 1867 through 2013, identifying which equine participants were truly worthy of lasting acclaim and which were one-hit wonders. Perhaps even more compelling are the stories of the men and women who rode, trained, owned, or bred classic winners, including their exploits on the turf and their triumphs and failures in arenas far removed from horse racing.
In the summer of 1978, residents of Love Canal, a suburban development in Niagara Falls, NY, began protesting against the leaking toxic waste dump in their midst-a sixteen-acre site containing 100,000 barrels of chemical waste that anchored their neighborhood. Initially seeking evacuation, area activists soon found that they were engaged in a far larger battle over the meaning of America's industrial past and its environmental future. The Love Canal protest movement inaugurated the era of grassroots environmentalism, spawning new anti-toxics laws and new models of ecological protest. Historian Richard S. Newman examines the Love Canal crisis through the area's broader landscape, detailing the way this ever-contentious region has been used, altered, and understood from the colonial era to the present day. Newman journeys into colonial land use battles between Native Americans and European settlers, 19th-century utopian city planning, the rise of the American chemical industry in the 20th century, the transformation of environmental activism in the 1970s, and the memory of environmental disasters in our own time. In an era of hydrofracking and renewed concern about nuclear waste disposal, Love Canal remains relevant. It is only by starting at the very beginning of the site's environmental history that we can understand the road to a hazardous waste crisis in the 1970s-and to the global environmental justice movement it sparked.
The latest edition of The Illustrated Book of Development Definitions breaks new ground. It addresses traditional and new planning problems: natural and industrial disasters such as hurricanes and oil spills; new housing types and living accommodations; changes in urban design and practice like new urbanism; sustainability; pedestrian and bicycle friendly environments; and more. Joining Harvey S. Moskowitz and Carl G. Lindbloom, authors of the first three editions, are two prominent, nationally known planners: David Listokin and Richard Preiss. Attorney Dwight H. Merriam adds legal annotations to almost all 2,276 definitions. These citations from court decisions bridge the gap between land use theory and real world application, bringing a new dimension to this edition. More than 20,000 copies of previous editions were sold over four decades to professionals and government representatives, such as members of planning and zoning boards and municipal governing bodies. This first revision in ten years updates what is widely acknowledged as an essential, standard reference for planners.
Along with windstorms, floods are the most common and widespread of all natural disasters. Although they can often be predicted, they cause loss of life, damage and destruction, as many urban communities are located near coasts and rivers. In terms of victims, floods are responsible for more than half the deaths caused by natural catastrophes. As f
A complete, detailed reference and tutorial for AutoCAD Civil 3D Autodesk's Civil 3D is the industry-leading civil engineering software, and this authoritative Autodesk Official Training Guide has been completely revised and modernized to offer you a fresh perspective on this powerful engineering package. Packed with new examples, new datasets, and new tutorials, this book shows how elements of the dynamic engineering program work together and discusses the best methods for creating, editing, displaying, and labeling all of a civil engineering project's elements. The book features in-depth, detailed coverage of surveying, points, alignments, surfaces, profiles, corridors, grading, LandXML and LDT Project Transfer, cross sections, pipe networks, visualization, sheets, and project management as well as Vault and data shortcuts. Practical tutorials, tips, tricks, real-world examples and easy-to-follow explanations detail all aspects of a civil engineering project. This Mastering book is recommended as a Certification Preparation study guide resource for the Civil 3D Associate and Professional exams. Features in-depth, detailed coverage of AutoCAD Civil 3D, the enormously popular civil engineering software Shows how elements of the dynamic engineering program work together and discusses the best methods for creating, editing, displaying, and labeling all of a civil engineering project's elements Shares straightforward explanations, real-world examples, and practice tutorials on surveying, points, alignments, surfaces, profiles, corridors, grading, and much more In addition to teaching you vital Civil 3D tips, tricks, and techniques, Mastering AutoCAD Civil 3D will also help you prepare for the Civil 3D 2011 Certified Associate and Certified Professional exams.
The UK government of Tony Blair is committed to fostering a European dimension of planning practice. Significant developments in relation to planning within Europe are occurring. The creation of the European Spatial Development Perspective, the reform of the Structural Funds, and the implementation of programmes to foster trans-national co-operation between governments, will all impact on UK government, and on planning system in particular. Even within the UK, devolution and regionalisation will bring new pressures for overall co-ordination on the issue of European spatial planning. Issues concerning the revisions of the Structural Funds in 2000 and 2006, and funding opportunities for local authorities, are closely connected with the theme of this book. More importantly, it is expected that the link between funding and spatial policy within British planning will become more clearly defined during this period. The European dimension of British planning, as a consequence, may grow significantly over the next few years. The authors tackle four key issues in their discussion of this topic: * British political attitudes to Europeanisation issues * The changing relationships between different arms of the state * The often complex interdependencies between tiers of governance * The rapidly changing definition of British urban and regional planning
The fourth in a series of books that each contain a different collection of true stories about the biggest bucks bagged by hunters in Michigan, including some of World Record Proportions. The first two chapters in this book are about the highest scoring typical buck known taken in North America and one of the highest scoring 8-pointers. Whopper whitetails bagged in each region of the state are covered. Every chapter has at least one important lesson and some of them are loaded with important information for hunters. Read new information about the Rompola Buck, including a photo of the huge typical when it was alive. Other chapters are about Michigan's heaviest buck, one of the state's most successful big buck bowhunters who consistently scores from the ground and much, much more. Thanks to digital technology, this ebook has mostly color images as opposed to black and white photos in the print version. These tales will be inspirational for deer hunters everywhere, not just Michigan.
Flying Through Life: From Fighter Pilot to Peace Activist By: Richard Moody Towards the end of his career as a fighter pilot with the Royal Navy, Richard Moody became an ardent Peace Activist and Quaker. This book is the story of his conversion. In today’s world of militarization and slaughter, Richard’s diametric experiences have made him a uniquely compelling voice in the fight for peace. Through his story, Richard hopes readers will learn that peace through diplomacy is vital for the survival of societies worldwide.
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